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Copyright of Economic Series of the Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov ENU is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Relations & International Law Journal / Seriâ Meždunarodnye Otnošeniâ & Meždunarodnoe Pravo is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mediation as an alternative method of conflict resolution has increasingly become the subject of numerous studies. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, mediation can be viewed from the perspective of different sciences. This article analyzes the economic component of the mediator’s role as a key figure in the negotiation process and offers a phenomenological model of economic risks in dispute resolution with his participation.

In this paper, the author studies the chronotope dynamics in Lermontov’s lyric poem Alone I Set out on the Road… in order to reveal the meaning-generation processes (the so-called “semantic plot” and its ramifications) in the evolution of the lyrical character’s spiritual trajectory, who is on his “meditative philosophical journey” (O. V. Zyryanov) and gradually transforms into the lyrical subject of the poetic text. The interpretation is based on the segmentation of the chronotope system into its main components, with the description of their correlation, whose dynamics defines the position of the lyrical character and the subject of the text in their process of transformation. This aims at clarifying the multi-valency of the system of spatial and temporal elements developing according to a logic contradicting the conceptualisation of dichotomic connections and an interpretative movement in the exclusive terms of thesis — antithesis — synthesis. In Lermontov’s lyrical text, within their motif development, both the upper and the lower spatial spheres are semantically doubled (cf. the earth, the desert, the sky, heavens), while the correlations between these and other elements forming an overall global space, as a consequence of each being addressed intensively by the lyrical character/subject in his role as an active initiator (agent) of chronotopic/textual communication, outline the character’s successful conquest of the total chronotope system as a whole universe, in which spiritual omnipraesentia is achieved. Instead of a model of unification with nature or another pre-existing ideal world ready to offer itself to be acquired through life/text experience, the poem elaborates a model of creation of spirituality in such forms as the acquisition of metaphysical values of existence which are bound to the earth as the centre of primary experience. There, human creative force in cultural eternity creates forms of mediation linking the internal and the external, the lower and the upper spheres, the human and the conceptualisation of divine essence, and also direct life experience and its textual transfiguration. All of these emerge in the chronotope system of Lermontov’s poem.

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years ongoing international conflicts and border disputes intensified to an extent that certainly actualized a question of the role of the United Nations (UN) in the solution of these problems. Thereupon the objective of this article is to define the degree of influence of the United Nations and its precautionary effect on settlement of international conflicts at the present stage. The author makes the short analysis of intermediary activity of the United Nations and defines its legal basis. Besides, researcher considers the functionality specifics of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of the United Nations and its actions aimed at the settlement of the territorial disputes and conflicts in the recent years. The basic method of this research is the comparative-historical approach which is used to reveal positive or negative dynamics of the United Nations performance at the present stage. Now the United Nations make active efforts in the solution of many international conflicts and lowering their escalation. However, despite of a growing demand for the solution of conflicts in a judicial order, the most serious problems of the international character remain insoluble. Nowadays the United Nations play a limited role in the settlement of the international problems. This is based on the fact that most parts of the conflicts evade UN resolutions which have only a recommendatory character. Therefore, the United Nations system needs certain reformation to reflect the new needs and realities in the world today. For the settlement of such challenging international conflicts it is necessary for all the countries to recognize jurisdiction of the UN ICJ.

In this article, research attention is paid to the structure and dynamics of the peaceful resolu-tion of ethnopolitical conflicts in the Caucasus region (on the example of the Georgian-Abkhaz confrontation). The study takes into account the factors that were the catalysts of the escalation of the ethnopolitical conflict in the territory of Abkhazia. The collapse of the USSR and the collapse of the ideology of internationalism led to the need to develop a completely new identity. Most of the elites and socio-political movements of the post-Soviet period have focused on the formation of ideological structures from national and historical roots. In the last decade of the 20th century, the tendencies towards the realization of the right to national self-determination (in Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and on the other hand to maintain the territorial integrity of the state (for example, in post-Soviet Georgia) acquired an antagonistic character. An important political goal is to identify conceptual aspects of the resolution of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, which can be used as a basis for elaborating mechanisms for regulating ethnopolitical conflicts in the Caucasus region.

Copyright of Scientific Proceedings of Ostroh Academy National University Series, Economics is the property of National University of Ostroh Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Johan Galtung, professor of Peace Studies, was born in 1930 in Oslo, Norway. He is a mathematician, sociologist, political scientist and the founder of the discipline of Peace Studies. He founded the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO, 1959), the world's first academic research center focused on Peace Studies, as well as the influential Journal of Peace Research (1964). He has helped to found dozens of other peace centers around the world. He is currently the president of the Galtung-Institute for Peace Theory & Peace Practice. He has mediated in over 150 conflicts between states, nations, religions, civilizations, communities, and persons since 1957. His contributions to peace theory and practice include conceptualization of peace-building, conflict mediation, reconciliation, nonviolence, theory of structural violence, theorizing about negative vs. positive peace, peace education and peace journalism. In his interview, he speaks about today’s conflicts, the sources of cultural violence and the golden rule of mediation. He also touches the problem of regional security in Europe and Asia, development of Peace Studies and the greatest challenges facing the world today.

MGIMO is a unique educational and research center in the field of diplomacy both as science and art. Russian scholars and diplomats can be called pioneers in understanding the contemporary diplomacy. The creation in 1973 of the Department of the diplomatic service and development of a new scientific field of diplomatic studies has brought tangible results already in 1970-1980. Real breakthrough in this area was the creation of the Problem Research Laboratory at MGIMO. Its members conducted research in the theory and practice of negotiation process. MGlMO produced the first Russian textbook "Theory and Methodology of analysis of international negotiations" by A.V. Zagorski and M.M. Lebedeva, and Y. Dubinin. In this area MGIMO manifests itself as an undisputed leader. It is remarkable that at this time some American authors noted that Russian developments in the negotiations studies were more advanced than in the US. Information revolution, abandonment of a mind frame of bipolar world - all this has created very favorable conditions for reaching a qualitatively higher level of analysis of diplomatic institutions, structures and methods. A possibility of converting the study of diplomacy in the field of modern political science became evident. Having preserved the tradition of the historical and international law studies, MGIMO scientists started analyzing complex diplomacy as a political institution, evolving according to its own rules and in accordance with certain laws. One of the first significant studies of diplomacy as a political institution was the work by Tatiana Zonova "A Modern Model of Diplomacy. Origins Evolution and Prospects". Comprehensive training and research activities at MGIMO provides the basis for the successful training of young diplomats and researchers so that they can work effectively and meet the challenges of international relations and world politics of the 21 century.

In 2011, the Criminal Code contained an article 291.1 «Mediation in bribery,» it had previously been in the Criminal Code in 1960. The new edition requires a change, the authors substantiate them, based on the penal laws of foreign countries.

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Автор айтылмыш мақалада медиация тақырыбын əйгілейді, оның плюсы жəне енгізудің зарын отандық заңнамаға астын сызады. Кiлегейлен осы процедураға бiздiң мемлекетте дамыған, бiрақ жақсы тенденция оны жетiлдiруге осы салада болашақта мүмкiндiк бередi.

Осы мақалада Қазақстандағы шағын кəсiпкерлiктiң қалыптасу ерекшелiктері мен дамуы негiздері мен кезеңдері баяндалады. ҚР iрi қалалары мен қарама-қайшы өлкелерде шағын кəсiпкерлiктің тiркелiп қойған жəне жұмыс iстейтiн субъекттерi туралы мəлiметтер көрсетілген.

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In work is considered base concept enterprise XXI age - management knowledges, which presents itself innovation able to meet competition technology. The Considered model, in which management knowledges is reduced to problem of the spreading the knowledges inwardly enterprises.

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)