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创伤后成长是指个体在经历创伤性应激事件后产生的积极心理变化, 对个体的成长与发展具有正向导向作 用。护生是创伤事件发生率较高的群体之一。对护生创伤后成长的测评工具与方法、研究现状与影响因素以及提高 护生创伤后成长的干预策略进行综述, 以期提高护理管理者对护生创伤后成长的重视, 为制定合理、有效的护生创 伤后成长培养模式提供参考依据。. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Agricultural Sciences is the property of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Study on Optical Communications / Guangtongxin Yanjiu is the property of Study on Optical Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surface pattern has an important influence on the properties of nanomaterials. In this work, polypeptide-based curved nanorods with helical surface nanostructures were prepared. Poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) polypeptide homopolymers and poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-b-polyethylene glycol (PBLG-b-PEG) polypeptide block copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride initiated by triethylamine and PEG-NH2, respectively. For the PBLG-b-PEG block copolymer, through partial deprotection of the benzyl group of the PBLG block and esterification reaction between the carboxyl group and cinnamyl alcohol, poly(γ-benzyl-Lglutamate-co-cinnamonyl-L-glutamate)-b-polyethylene glycol (P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG) were obtained. The modified block copolymer P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG with cinnamyl oxy group is photo-cross-linkable. Under UV-irradiation at λ = 254 nm, a cycloaddition reaction can occur on the C=C double bonds of the cinnamyl groups to cross-link polypeptide segments. PBLG nanorods were prepared by a selective precipitation method using tetrahydrofuran-N,N-dimethylformamide (THF-DMF) co-solvent as the initial solvent and water as the selective solvent. To the aqueous solution of the PBLG nanorods, THF was added to induce their bending. By changing the amount of THF introduced, the curving degree of the nanorods can be regulated. Using a similar method, PBLG/PBLG-b-PEG and PBLG/P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG core-shell helical nanorods were prepared, in which the PBLG homopolymer formed the rod-like core and the PBLG-b-PEG or P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG formed the surface helical nanopatterns. When THF was added to the aqueous solution of both the PBLG/PBLG-b-PEG and PBLG/P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG helical nanorods, smooth curved nanorods were prepared and surface helices disappeared. Then for the PBLG/P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG helical nanorods, UV-irradiation was applied to crosslink the CLG segments of P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG, thus the helical surface patterns were fixed. Under THF treatment, these shell-crosslinked helical nanorods bent into curved helical nanorods. Therefore, crosslinking of the P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG segments can retain the helical surface patterns without hindering the curving of the PBLG nanorods under THF treatment. These PBLG curved nanorods and PBLG/P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG curved helical nanorods are structurally stable and able to maintain structural features in aqueous solutions. The arrangement manner of PBLG lateral phenyl groups is characterized by circular dichroism (CD). It was found that the shrinkage of phenyl groups on the PBLG lateral phenyl groups under THF induction drived the curving of the nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的　观察新型冠状病毒感染患者治疗前血清肌钙蛋白 (cTnI) 水平变化，分析其与患者短期预后的相关 性，并进一步探讨其预后预测效能。方法　共纳入530例新型冠状病毒感染患者作为观察组，另纳入同期体检健康 者265例作为对照组，对比两组治疗前血清cTnI水平。观察组所有患者就诊后根据个体情况接受抗病毒、抗菌、免 疫、抗凝等药物治疗，根据治疗7 d内新型冠状病毒感染患者临床结局分为病死组与存活组。比较治疗前两组血清 cTnI水平；并采用Logistic回归分析血清cTnI水平与新型冠状病毒感染患者短期预后的相关性。绘制ROC分析血 清cTnI 对新型冠状病毒感染患者短期预后的预测效能。结果　观察组、对照组血清cTnI 水平分别为 (0.10 ± 0.02) 、 (0.07 ± 0.02) μg/L，两组比较，t=19.937，P<0.001。病死组、存活组血清cTnI水平分别为 (0.11 ± 0.03) 、 (0.09 ± 0.02) μg/L，两组比较，t=4.913，P<0.001。治疗前血清cTnI水平与新型冠状病毒感染患者短期预后有关 ［OR (95%CI) 2.104 (1.583～3.742) ，P<0.001) 。血清cTnI预测新型冠状病毒感染短期预后的曲线下面积 (AUC) 值 为0.755， cut-off值0.105 μg/L，灵敏度63.0%，特异度78.1%。结论　新型冠状病毒感染患者治疗前血清cTnI水 平升高，其与患者短期预后有关，对患者短期预后有一定预测效能。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hollow particles have attracted considerable attentions in recent years for their potential in diverse application fields. In this work, polypeptide-based hollow disk-like and conchoidal particles with surface nanostrips were prepared. For the poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-b-PEG) block copolymer, through partial deprotection of the benzyl group of the PBLG block and esterification reaction between the carboxyl group and cinnamic alcohol, poly(γ-benzyl- L-glutamate-co-γ-cinnamyl-L-glutamate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG) block copolymers were obtained The self-assemblies were prepared by a selective precipitation method. P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG block copolymers and polystyrene (PS) homopolymers were first dissolved in THF-DMF mixture solvent; by adding water to the solution, core-shell particles with nanostrips on the surface were obtained, in which the hydrophobic PS homopolymer formed the spherical core and the P(BLG/CLG)-b-PEG block copolymers formed surface nanostrips. By changing the composition of THF-DMF mixture solvent, the surface patterns can be regulated. Spiral spheres were formed with V(THF)∶V(DMF) of 5∶5 as initial solvent, and meridian spheres were formed with V(THF)∶V(DMF) of 3∶7 as initial solvent. Under UV-irradiation at λ = 254 nm, a cycloaddition reaction can occur on the C=C double bond of the cinnamyl group. Therefore, the P(BLG/CLG) blocks in the shell of both the spiral spheres and the meridian spheres were cross-linked. To the solution of the shellcrosslinked spiral spheres and meridian spheres, 10-fold of THF was added to remove the PS homopolymers in the core. As a result, hollow nanodisks and hollow conchoidal particles were prepared, and the strip nanopatterns on the surface were retained. The morphology of the particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the PS homopolymers were efficiently removed from the particles by THF solvent soaking, and the nanostrips prop up the hollow structure of the disk-like particles and conchoidal particles. The morphology and structure of these nanopatterned hollow particles are stable, and they maintain the three-dimensional features under microscopy observations. The inner space of the hollow disk can be refilled with hydrophobic polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To screen diagnostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using bioinformatic approach and analyze immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma, expression datasets of lung adenocarcinoma were downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues were screened using R software, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using DAVID tools. Protein interaction networks were constructed and hub genes of DEGs were screened using tools such as STRING and Cytoscape. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis of DEGs, ROC analysis of hub genes was performed to screen for diagnostic biomarkers, GSEA was utilized to predict the signaling pathways involved in genes with prognostic value, and Cibersort software was adopted to analyze immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 234 DEGs of lung adenocarcinoma were obtained, which were mainly involved in signaling, substance metabolism, immune response, and other related signaling pathways. Eight of the 20 hub genes screened by PPI network had prognostic value (CCNA2, DLGAP5, HMMR, MMP1, MMP9, MMP13, SPP1, TOP2A), and according to ROC analysis. The values of DLGAP5 and SPP1 were 0.703 and 0.706 respectively. DLGAP5 and SPP1 gene expression levels were closely correlated to plasma cells in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, unactivated CD4+ memory cells, regulatory T cells, macrophage M0, M1, M2, and neutrophil infiltration (P < 0.05). To conclude, DLGAP5 and SPP1 have high diagnostic values in lung adenocarcinoma and are involved in immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. DLGAP5 and SPP1 genes can be used as biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis and can provide new ideas for targeted therapy research of lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A sensitive method for determination of spirotetramat and its metabolites and chlorantraniliprole in longan（Dimocarpus longan Lour.） were developed based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） technique. The terminal residues of spirotetramat and chlorantraniliprole in longan under field conditions were studied in 6 experimental sites in 2018. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up with PSA, detected by HPLCMS/MS, and quantified by external standard method. The mean recoveries of spirotetramat and its four metabolites and chlorantraniliprole in longan whole fruit and longan pulp were 83%-103%, and 87%-92%, respectively, at the three spiking levels from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg with relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 2.3%-8.7%, and 3.3%-6.3%. The limits of quantitation（LOQs） of spirotetramat and its four metabolites and chlorantraniliprole was 0.01 mg/kg. In the field trials, 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 5%chlorantraniliprole SC were applied at the dosage of 60 and 50 mg/kg for two times with the interval 7-10 d, respectively. The results showed that terminal residues of spirotetramat and chlorantraniliprole in longan whole fruit were 0.30-1.14 and 0.06-0.29 mg/kg, respectively, at 14 d after application, and were <0.05 and < 0.01 mg/kg, respectively in longan pulp. This study would be helpful to guide scientific and efficient utilization of these pesticides. Because of the absence of maximum residue limits（MRLs） value of spirotetramat and chlorantraniliprole in longan, these results could provide data to facilitate the setting of longan MRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A sensitive method for the determination of pyraclostrobin and its metabolite BF-500-3 in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) was developed based on high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique. According to “Guideline for the testing of pesticide residues in crops”, field tests conducted in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province and Yuxi City of Yunan Province. The residual behavior of pyraclostrobin parent and its metabolite based on longan field trials was investigated. The results showed good average recoveries of 84%-96%, with relative standard deviations of 3.8%-6.7%, at the spiked levels of 0.001, 0.1 and 2 mg/kg in longan. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 × 10−3 mg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.001 mg/kg. When pyraclostrobin was applied 3-4 times at the dosage of 375 mg/kg with the interval period of 7-10 days, and pre-harvest interval of 5, 7 and 10 days, the residues of pyraclostrobin parent and BF-500-3 in longan were 0.11-0.72 mg/kg and 0.011-0.071 mg/kg, respectively. This study would be helpful to guide the scientific and efficient utilization of this fungicide. Because of the absence of maximum residue limit (MRL) of pyraclostrobin in longan, these results could provide references to facilitate the setting of MRL of pyraclostrobin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioinformatics is the property of Bioinformatics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because the traffic safety hazards are becoming more serious in the current life, it has certain practical significance to detect abnormal vehicles in scenes such as pedestrian streets and campuses where vehicles are prohibited from traveling. Aiming at the problem of ghost and cavity in the background model built by mixed Gaussian, an abnormal vehicle detection based on mixed Gaussian modeling of SSÏM structural similarity is proposed. The similarity between two image pixels is calculated by SSÏM. The secondary background modeling is carried out after the Gaussian modeling, and the exponential function is introduced to optimize the weight update process in the Gaussian modeling process, which improves the update speed. The graphical handle function is used to optimize the connected domain method to detect the abnormal vehicle in the foreground area, it is possible to detect the abnormal vehicle and the labeling frame is closer to the shape of the vehicle. Experimental results of 580 images segmented by video show that the detection rate can reach 90.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的探讨第二课堂建设在临床医学见习实践教学中的应用效果。方法选择南华大学附属第二医院2016级 临床医学专业72名学生作为研究对象,分为观察组和对照组,每组 36 名。其中观察组学生采用以问题为基础的学习法 (PBL) 第 二课堂教学法进行教学;对照组学生采用传统第一课堂教学法模式进行教学。结果观察组学生出科平均考试成绩[(88.7± 3.04)分]高于对照组[ (81.9±2.01) 分],差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) 。通过问卷调查发现,观察组各项评价指标均明显优于对 照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。结论 PBL 式第二课堂教学法在临床医学见习实践教学中可行性强,可以显著提高学生 专业理论水平及临床实践能力,为培养医学基础理论知识、临床技能、医学人文素质三位一体的新型医学人才创建了一个开发潜 能、施展才华的平台。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the amount of organic acids in litchi and their effects on the flavor of litchi, an effective method was developed for the determination of ten organic aicds (including malic acid, citric acid and other organic aicds) in fresh litchi by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Poroshell chromatographic column was used as the separation column. Formic acid water and acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase. The electrospray ion source and negative ion muptiple reaction monitoring mode were also used. The analytes were quantified by the external standard method, and the pretreatment and mass spectrometry conditions were evaluated. Ten organic acids showed good linearities in the range of 0.1-10 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients (r) were all above 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.1-0.8 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.2-2.5 μg/kg. The average recoveries of ten organic acids in fresh litchi samples were 91%-99% with the relative standard deviations of 1.9%-7.9%. This method is rapid, easy and sensitive. Therefore, it is suitable for the quick determination and analysis of ten organic acids in fresh litchi, and it can also provide reference for the determination of organic acids in other fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration plays an important role in agriculture. In this study, we designed a plant phenotype and evapotranspiration monitoring system based on weighing lysimeter and multi-images. A total of 24 small weighing lysimeters, integrated RGB imaging sensors, multispectral imaging sensors and a 2D laser scanner were integrated with a gantry to control the movement in order to build weighing lysimeter plant phenotypic monitoring system, realizing automatic monitoring of RGB, red (668 nm), green (560 nm), blue (475 nm), the red edge (717 nm), near infrared (840 nm) image information and plant height information during plant growth period. Each lysimeter had the length of 1 m, a the width of 0.75 m and the depth of 2 m. The effective planting area was 0.75 m2. The total area was 18 m2. The intact soil was filled into the lysimeter. The lysimeter was equipped with data collecting system. The pressure signal was transformed into electrical signals. Wheather stations were installed to measure air temperature, air humidity, radiation, wind speed, precipitation, and the others. The phenotypic monitoring module was composed of RGB high speed color camera, 5-channel multi-spectral camera and laser scanner. The motion control module was of programmable logic controller in motor control cabinet in charge of moving ganty. The outside of programmable logic controller had the man-machine interaction interface. If the automatic control system failed, it could be manually controlled through the man-machine interaction interface. In this paper, phenotypic data, meteorological station data and lysimeter data were combined to not only estimate crop evapotranspiration in a large area, but also obtain various crop index and plant height information. The system was then tested at the designed normal speed and sampling frequency meeting the practical requirements. The results showed that the single journey time of the system was 142 s when the RGB and multi-spectral imaging sensor images were taken every 5 s, laser scanning once every 1 s. After a journey, the system could automatically collect 28 RGB and multi-spectral images, from which plant growth information could be derived. The obtained image data were stored in time format in a folder. During the motion control test, the single journey, time for single journey, pulse for single journey were recorded at designed motor rotation speed of 0.111 and 0.167 m/s. The relative error between the measured and the designed values was 1.8%-6.0%, indicating that the motion control performance was well. The system was used for estimation of evapotranspiration after seedling estimation of winter wheat. The RGB images were collected every 10 days. The average daily coverage and crop coefficient were calculated to calculate evapotranspiration. Finally, the estimated evapotranspiration had the relative error of 16.62% averagely, indicating the reliability of evapotranspiration estimation by the system. In addition, the acquired multi-spectral images and laser scanner data of summer maize were revealed, suggesting that the system could reliably obtain crop index and plant height information such as normalized difference vegetation index, difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, normalized difference green index, soil adjusted vegetation index and so on. In sum, this system integrated the lysimeter and multispectral images so as to provide an valuable technology and equipment support for real-time monitoring, accurate diagnosis of crop evapotranspiration and researches on crop growth status. In future, It is necessary to carry out researches on the acquisition of other phenotypic information and image fusion so as to obtain more crop information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical surface tension (CST) of litchi leaf, as well as the surface free energy (SFE), surface tension, static contact angle and dynamic contact angle in 0-60 s of diluted solution of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule (WG) were determined by using contact angle measuring device and automatic surface tension meter. Effects on wettability of difenoconazole WG with adjuvants (0.4% silwet stik and 0.2% as 100) on litchi leaf surface were also investigated.The results showed that the SFE value of the adaxial surface of litchi leaf was about 23.74 mJ/m2, while the SFE value of the abaxial surface was about 11.89 mJ/m2,and the dispersion component was dominant.The surface tension of 500-fold dilution of 10% difenoconazole WG with 0.4% silwet stik on litchi leaf was 21.90 mN/m, while the CST of lichi leaf was 22.64 mN/m. The contact angle of WG’s 500-fold dilution with silwet stik declined the fastest during 0-10 s.The results suggested that the adaxial surface of litchi leaf was more wettable than the abaxial surface. When 10% difenoconazole WG was applied to lichi trees,the best performance was accheived by 500-fold dilution with 0.4% silwet stik adjuvant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective method was developed for the determination of fosthiazate residue in sugar cane and soil. Field trials were designed to evaluate the dissipation and residue of fosthiazate in sugar cane and soil in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province. The dietary exposure and risk assessment were also conducted. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, cleaned up by NH2-solid phase extraction and detected by GC-FPD. The results showed that, in terms of sugar cane samples, good average recoveries of 83%-84% with relative standard deviations of 2.6%-3.4% at the spiked level of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg were achieved. As for soil samples, recoveries of 84%-86% with RSDs 4.1%-6.7% were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 mg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that residue of fosthiazate in sugar cane decreased first, then increased, and finally decreased again. The maximum concentration were 0.027 mg/kg which was detected 14-21 d after the application. Dissipation of fosthiazate in soil was in accordance with the first order kinetic equation with half-lives from 8.6 to 9.6 d. The terminal residue was below 0.01 mg/kg at harvest time. The acute dietary intake risk probability of fosthiazate was 225%, which was hazardous to people. It is necessary to combine the metabolic behavior data of fosthiazate in human body for comprehensive evaluation. The chronic dietary intake risk probability of fosthiazate was 57%, which was not hazardous to people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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