Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) children with infections of respiratory virus (RV), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), and streptococcus (SP). Methods We collected 268 cases of children with ITP complicated with respiratory tract infection. The nasopharyngeal secretions of infected children were collected and tested for RV and MP ; sputum samples were collected and SP was detected. The children were treated with anti-infection drugs, intravenous methylprednisolone and/or human immunoglobulin. Before treatment, 1 w, 2 w and 3 months after treatment, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and whole blood platelet count (PLT) were detected and calculated. The therapeutic effect was determined according to the cure time and the number of PLT in the whole blood, and the total effective rate was calculated. Results Among the 268 cases, RV was found in 112 cases, MP in 56, and SP in 43, respectively. The proportions of RV, MP and SP infections were 41. 2%, 20. 9%, and 16. 0%, respectively. Compared with the proportions of MP and SP infections, the proportion of RV infection was higher (x² = 43. 21,27. 19; P < 0. 05). Compared with those before treatment, the content of serum PLT in each infection group increased after treatment, and the content of serum PLT increased over the course of treatment (both P < 0. 05). Compared with the children with MP and SP infections, the content of serum PLT in children with RV infection increased after treatment (P < 0. 05). Compared with the children with SP infection, the content of PLT in children with MP infection increased at each time point after treatment (P < 0. 05). The total effective rates of children with RV, MP and SP infections were 98. 21 % (110/112), 75. 00% (42/56), and 86. 05% (37/43), respectively. Compared with children with MP and SP infections, the total effective rate of children with RV infection was higher (P < 0. 05) ; the total effective rate of children with MP infection after treatment was lower than that of children with MP infection (P < 0. 05). Conclusions RTP infection accounts for the highest proportion of children with ITP and respiratory tract infection, and their treatment effect is the best; the ITP children with MP infection have the worst treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]