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Subsidence can result from the collapse of underground cavities. The impact of the movements on existing structures and infrastructures is generally dramatic. Geosynthetic sheets (RG) can be used to reduce their impact. This paper focuses on the use of large-scale physical modelling to study the subsidence mechanisms and to estimate the RG efficiency for cohesive or granular soil layers. The results have shown that the RG reduced the ground movement even under important overload. The deformation of the RG and the surface settlement depend both on the soil type and overload intensity. The experimental results are compared to analytical solutions proposed to design the RG for cohesive and granular soils. Stress distribution on the RG was investigated. The analytical and experimental results are rather similar, that shows the relevance of the analytical models to predict the behaviour of reinforced soil layers.

This study investigates smartphone addiction prevalence among Tunisian middle school students and its associations with sleep quality, fatigue, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement. Using structured interviews, we collected demographic data, grade point averages, and phone usage details from 1015 students aged 14-16. Participants also completed the smartphone addiction scale: short version (SAS-SV), fatigue assessment scale (FAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). The results categorized 85.1% as "normal smartphone users" (NSUs) and 14.9% as "problematic smartphone users" (PSUs). Troublingly, higher SAS-SV scores correlated with poorer sleep quality, increased fatigue, and impaired cognitive functioning. Lower academic achievement was also associated with elevated SAS-SV scores. Though the percentage of addicted students seems modest, addressing smartphone addiction in Tunisian middle schools is crucial due to its associations with various psycho-physiological and cognitive impairments, underscoring the need for intervention strategies.

Abstract Global waste generation is expanding rapidly in parallel with population expansion and urbanization, posing municipal solid waste management difficulties. This study examined the environmental impacts of domestic organic waste generated in the Dhaka North City Corporation in Bangladesh, a country with a fast-growing population and economy. No previous environmental life cycle assessment has been conducted in a decentralized waste-to-compost facility in Dhaka, nor has the environmental impact of manual informal labor be considered. Four major waste management scenarios were compared: conventional windrow composting (S1), proposed automated composting using an EP-1000 machine (S2), and existing practices of sanitary (S3) and unsanitary (S4) landfilling. The four scenarios' environmental impacts were assessed using OpenLCA software. Environmental Life cycle assessment (ELCA) of the four scenarios was conducted using OpenLCA software for their environmental impact. Results revealed that decentralized waste-to-compost process scenarios (S1 and S2) were lower than those of the conventional landfill scenarios (S3 and S4). The overall quantity of total yearly GWP100 from decentralized compost facility of S1 (1.14 million Mg CO2-eq Mg–1) and S2 (411 kg CO2-eq Mg–1) were multifold lower than emissions from conventional landfilling of S3 (~ 2.12 million Mg of CO2-eq Mg–1) and S4 (~ 3.87 million Mg of CO2-eq Mg–1) scenarios reflecting the environment-friendly outcome of the former than the latter scenarios. Similar trends of lesser quantities of FAETP, HTP, and TEP were noticed depicting the S1 and proposed S2 scenarios as better options than conventional landfill of S3 and S4 scenarios. In conclusion, the development of decentralized waste-to-compost facilities in Dhaka or other similar units across the globe can prove a better and more sustainable waste management strategy with a greater potential to mitigate adverse impacts of climate change and environmental pollution.

Abstract Human Th17/type 17 cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, but the functions of CCR6 and other chemokine receptors in human type 17 Th cell extravasation have not been fully delineated. Here we show that human peripheral blood CD4+CCR6+ T cells co-expressing CCR2 have a pathogenic Th17 signature, can produce inflammatory cytokines without T cell receptor activation, and show enhanced expression of pathogenicity-associated and activation-associated genes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis as compared to controls. In flow chambers with activated endothelial cell (EC) monolayers, CD4+CCR6+CCR2+ T cells are efficient at transendothelial migration (TEM). Ligands for CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 localize to EC surfaces and mediate only arrest, whereas CCR2 ligands fail to bind well to ECs and mediate only TEM. Conversely, expressing a chimeric CCR2 ligand engineered to bind glycosaminoglycans on ECs results in CCR2-mediated arrest but blocks TEM induction. Our results from human pathogenic-like type 17 cells thus suggest that T cell migration arrest requires chemokine bound to EC surfaces, whereas TEM requires a transendothelial chemokine gradient.

In an era where the success of our schools is determined by standardized examinations, it is critical to allow students to utilize their creativity and the power of technology to enhance vital skills and learn in innovative ways. In today's fast-paced technological environment, we are on the verge of a technology revolution that will modify and unfold several professions in realm of education. It is critical that the educational system make an instructional transition in order for pupils to prosper as future innovators. In order to understand how students' talents may have been impacted by various intelligences by engaging in the real-world experiences that may boost confidence and self-esteem, this article examines the 4Cs of 21st century skills in relation with Bloom and Digital Bloom's Taxonomy. It also emphasizes how a 21st-century education will enable students to be creative and critically examine situations, allowing them to improve academic and social skills as they communicate and collaborate with others to organize their ideas, preparing these young minds for the workforce once they graduate. The intention of suggesting the 21st century plan to the school management and detailing the potential benefits of the educational system is to prepare the upcoming young generation for the future workforce in today's fast growing competitive and challenging environment.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تعرف منظمة الصحة العالمية الوفيات حول الولادة بأنها ''وفاة طفل بين 28 أسبوعا من الحمل فصاعدا وحتى الأيام السبعة الأولى من حياته''. تعد الوفيات حول الولادة مؤشرا رئيسيا لجودة الرعاية المقدمة للمواليد الجدد وتعكس بشكل مباشر فئة الرعاية قبل الولادة وأثناء الولادة وبعد الولادة المقدمة للمولود الجديد. ووفقا لتقرير نشرته منظمة الصحة العالمية، توفي ۲٬٣ مليون طفل في غضون أول ۲۰ يوما من حياتهم في عام ۲۰۲۲. يوجد ما يقرب من ٦٥۰۰ حالة وفاة بين حديثي الولادة كل يوم، وهو ما يمثل ٤٧٪ من جميع وفيات الأطفال دون سن ٥ سنوات. تعد الوفيات حول الولادة مصدر قلق للصحة العامة في البلدان المنخفضة والمتوسطة الدخل. ووفقا لمسح الصحة والديموغرافي الباكستاني ۲۰۱٧-۲۰۱۸، فإن الوفيات حول الولادة ظل معدل الوفيات مرتفعا باستمرار في باكستان (٧٥ لكل ۱۰۰۰ ولادة) خلال العقد الماضي. هدفت الدراسة لمراقبة تواتر وفيات ما حول الولادة والوفيات المبكرة للمواليد بين السكان الباكستانيين خلال العقد الماضي واستكشاف عوامل الخطر الإضافية لوفيات ما حول الولادة. طريقة البحث: تم البحث في الدراسات باستخدام كلمات رئيسية مثل وفيات ما حول الولادة، وفيات حديثي الولادة، والمواليد الموتى، ومعدل المخاطر، والفترة المحيطة بالولادة وتركيبتها على محركات بحث مختلفة مثل ''ساينس دايركت''، و ''سكوبس''، و ''ببميد''، و ''قوقل العلمي''. لقد استخدمنا عناصر التقارير المفضلة للمراجعة المنهجية والتحليل التلوي ''بريزما'' للوصول إلى عدد محدد من المقالات. لقد اخترنا ۱۸ مقالا ذا صلة للمراجعة المنهجية. أفادت جميع الدراسات التي تمت مراجعتها إما بمعدل وفيات ما حول الولادة، أو ولادة جنين ميت أو ولادة حية. النتائج: أظهرت المراجعة المنهجية أن معدل الوفيات حول الولادة في باكستان ظل مرتفعا من عام ۲۰۱٣ إلى عام ۲۰۲۲. تزيد اضطرابات ارتفاع ضغط الدم والنزيف قبل الولادة والعدوى الوليدية من خطر الوفيات حول الولادة والوفيات حديثي الولادة بشكل عام. كانت العوامل الأخرى التي ساهمت في ارتفاع معدل الوفيات حول الولادة هي تقدم سن الأم وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة والتشوهات الخلقية والحمل المتعدد والظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية السيئة ومشاكل طبية أخرى مثل سكري الحمل. الاستنتاجات: وجد أن معدل الوفيات حول الولادة في باكستان مرتفع بشكل ملحوظ بناء على المراجعة المنهجية، ومع ذلك لوحظت تناقضات عند مقارنتها بأرقام منظمة الصحة العالمية للوفيات حول الولادة. توصي هذه المراجعة بإجراء المزيد من الأبحاث الأصلية لتقييم معدل الوفيات حول الولادة بدقة في باكستان، وهو أمر ضروري لصنع سياسات مستنيرة وفعالة. Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines perinatal mortality (PNM) as the “death of a baby between 28 weeks of gestation onwards till the first 7 days of life.” PNM is a key indicator of the quality of care for newborns and directly reflects the category of prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care given to a newborn. According to a report published by the WHO, 2.3 million children died within their first 20 days of life in 2022. Approximately 6500 newborn deaths occur every day, accounting for 47% of all child deaths under the age of five years. PNM is a public health concern in low and middle-income countries. According to the Pakistan Health and Demographic Survey 2017–18, the PNM rate has remained consistently high in Pakistan (75 per 1000 births) during the last decade. Aims: To observe the frequency of PNM and early neonatal mortality (ENM) among the Pakistani population within the last decade and to identify additional risk factors for PNM and ENM. Methods: Published studies were searched using keywords comprising PNM, ENM, stillbirths, risk rate, perinatal period, and their combinations with search engines such as Science Direct, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to filter articles and selected 18 relevant articles for systematic review. All studies reported either the PNM, ENM, stillbirth, or live birth rate. Results: Systematic review showed that the PNM rate in Pakistan remained high from 2013 to 2022. Hypertensive disorders, antepartum hemorrhage, and neonatal infections increased the overall risk of PNM and ENM. Other factors that contributed to the high PNM rate were advanced maternal age, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, multigravida, poor socioeconomic conditions, and other medical problems such as gestational diabetes. Conclusion: The PNM rate in Pakistan was found to be high according to the systematic review, but discrepancies were observed when compared with the WHO figures for PNM. We recommend conducting more original research to accurately assess the PNM rate in Pakistan, which is essential for informed and effective policy making.