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The rapid development of electric vehicles stimulates the development of structures related to their operation. Including the use of the range extending engine for electric vehicles. The use of gas turbine engines for vehicles has always been of interest. The microturbine in the range extending engine is relevant today. However, the possibility of using a microturbine as part of a range extending engine is possible under several conditions. Microturbine should be successfully mated with a high-speed generator, and the whole structure should have a high efficiency and be economically advantageous. To create such a design, it is necessary to develop a simple microturbine with a design, equipped with a highly efficient heat exchanger, which allows to obtain high fuel and operational efficiency. Microturbine should have low temperatures on the turbine wheel to maintain high environmental parameters. The use of composite materials is necessary. The results of the development and technical characteristics of a single shaft microturbine of this class for use with a high-boring generator are presented, and its applicability as a range extending engine is justified. The main problems solved in the design of microturbines are shown: issues of thermal conditions, optimization of blade machines, flow in gas-air pipes. Power plants, based on the microturbine and high-speed generator, can be widely adopted on the basis of their simple and high operating characteristics, including the range extending engine as a range extending engine.

The report on the speeches of the participants of the round-table discussion is presented in the paper. The discussion "Legal policy in modern Russia: actual problems of theory and practice" was organized on June 19, 2018 at the faculty of law of Dostoevsky Omsk State University by the scientific journals "State and Law", "Legal Policy and Legal Life", "Law En-forcement Review". Discussion concerned aims of legal policy, systematization of legisla-tion, legal communication, implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy, constitutional basis of the legal policy, key features of electoral legal policy, provision for the national unity and territorial integrity, competence of local self-government bodies.

The subject of the paper is the constitutional development of Russia till 1990s up to 2018.The purpose of the paper is to identify the main trends in development of Russian consti-tutional legislation.The methodology of the research includes the formal legal analysis of Russian federal laws and their comparison with the decisions of Russian Constitutional Court.The main results and scope of their application. The author gives the legal assessment to main novelties in Russian constitutional legislation: an increase of the term of office of the President of the Russian Federation and the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the in-troduction of the annual reports by the Government of the Russian Federation to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the results of their activities, the merger of the Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation, the strengthening of the posi-tions of the President of the Russian Federation when appointing prosecutors, judges, members of the Federation Council, officials of subjects of the Russian Federation, central-ization of local self-government. The identified trends may be used in future research of Russian constitutional legal order.The author comes to the conclusion that there is a need for strong state power in the con-ditions of reforming economic, social and state-legal institutions in Russia. The movement towards centralization and strengthening of the power vertical is a historically necessary and justified measure. It will be possible to implement decentralization and reduction of the regulatory functions of the state after the successful modernization of economic and social state and legal institutions.

The subject. The article explores the principle of electivity as the principle of organization the public power in the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and in the modern Russian Federa-tion.The purpose of this paper is to show how the principle of electivity developed in the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and in the modern Russian Federation and to demonstrate Russian qualification electoral system.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope of application. Qualification principle in electoral system has undergone var-ious changes in various periods of Russian history. The Zemsky reform of 1864 and the Ur-ban reform of 1870 are analyzed in context how they significantly expanded the electoral rights of citizens. The positive results of the reforms were minimized by the Urban and Zem-sky counter-reforms of Emperor Alexander III. The author shows the negative consequences of the counter-reforms of Alexander III on the example of the second capital of the Russian Empire – Moscow.After the October Revolution, the electoral legislation included new elements of the censor-ship system that extended to the class enemies of the Soviet government. In general, during the Soviet period, general, equal, direct elections were declared in the Constitution. Sepa-rately post-Soviet electoral system in Moscow as the city of federal significance is examined.In the 1990s and 2000s the revival of the Russian electoral system was taking place. In ad-dition, there is a transformation of the principle of election of bodies and officials of local self-government.The author comes to the conclusion that some elements of the census system in the mod-ern interpretation remain in the current legislation. In fact, direct elections at different lev-els of government are replaced by indirect elections or the appointment of elected bodies and officials using a modern system of electoral qualifications, that directly contradict the Art. 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

УДК 242.9The subject. In the article the problems of creation and development of advanced development areas and free ports are analyzed. Territories with a special regime for the conduct of business are a phenomenon long known to the world. Classic examples: the island of Delos (Greece) was declared a free trade zone, where merchants were exempt from taxes, duties and certain administrative duties. In Russia, the modern history of territories with a special regime for the implementation of entrepreneurial activity begins in the 1990s, when the first free economic zones were created: Vyborg, Dauria, Kuzbass, Nakhodka, Sadko, Sakhalin, TechnopolisZelenograd, Yantar, free trade zones or free customs zones Sheremetyevo, Moscow Franco-Port, Franco-Port Terminal. It is necessary to use the positive experience of foreign countries in this field.The purpose of this paper is to describe the problems of managing the territories of advanced development and free ports and to offer the government of the Russian Federation effective ways of solving these.Methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope. The author criticizes the Russian system of administration of the territories of advanced development and free ports of Vladivostok. The author points out that since each territory of advanced development and free ports of Vladivostok territory operate simultaneously on the territory of several municipalities, it is obvious that the highest exeutive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, specifically the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation in whose territory the сorresponding territory of advanced development. The author also proposes to extend the legal regime of the territories of advanced development and free ports to entities located in the territory of Western and Eastern Siberia. Effective organizational interaction between state and municipal authorities, the Management Company, the Supervisory and Public Councils with entrepreneurs and investors can only be ensured through the use of such a function of the authorities as coordination.Together, these measures will minimize the existing gap in the standard of living of the population and imbalance in the economic development of regions throughout Russia, and ultimately entail the accelerated economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole.The results of the study can be applied in the design of the legal regulation of creation and development of territories of advanced development and free ports.Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that the highest executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, specifically the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation (the governor) should become the coordinating center of administration of territory of advanced development and free ports of Vladivostok. This approach will improve the business and investment climate in all (and not in the selected) constituent entities of the Russian Federation, create prerequisites for the development of their economic potential, will allow the subjects of the Russian Federation to make the most of their competitive advantages.

УДК 340.132The state of law enforcement in modern Russia is analyzed in the article on the basis of judicial statistics. The author gives a critical assessment of the most important decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation handed down in 2015-2016 years in var-ious spheres of legal reality:– local self-government;– the formation of the foundationd capital repairs of condominium houses;– pensions provision of ex-militaries;– legislative regulation of property valuation activity;– problem of execution of court decisions.The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation many times violated the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Since the Constitutional Court has recognized the legal abolition of elections of mayors in cities and towns. Constitutional Court recognized a legal collection taxes from citizens for capital repairs of condominium houses of others. Very often in the Russian law enforcement the Constitutional Court adopts a politically motivated decision, although such decisions are strictly prohibited by law. Unfortunately, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation not adequately protect the rights of Russian citizens and organizations.The author comes to the conclusion of a big crisis of law enforcement caused of legal nihilism, rooted among the enforcers, is made in the article. Analyzing the examples of judicial practice author propose any ways out of crisis law enforcement.

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) promises compact accelerators toward the high-energy frontier. However, the approach to the 100 GeV milestone faces the obstacle of the long focal length required for optimal acceleration with high-power lasers, which reaches hundreds of meters for 10–100 PW lasers. The long focal length originates from optimal laser intensity required to avoid nonlinear effects and hence large spot size and Rayleigh length. We propose a “telescope” geometry in which a micro-plasma parabola (MPP) is coupled with a short-focal-length off-axis parabola, minimizing the focal length to the meter range for LWFA under optimized conditions driven by lasers beyond 1 PW. Full-dimensional kinetic simulations demonstrate the generation of a 9 GeV electron bunch within only 1 m optical length—only one-tenth of that required with the conventional approach with the same performance. The proposed MPP provides a basis for the construction of compact LWFAs toward single-stage 100 GeV acceleration with 100 PW class lasers.

The problem of obtaining estimates of the strength and resource characteristics of critical engineering infrastructure facilities under operational multiparametric nonstationary thermomechanical impacts is considered. The basic degradation mechanisms in structural materials (metals, alloys) under these influences are identified. The methodology of resource assessment of responsible engineering facilities based on end-to-end modeling of the entire life cycle of the object is substantiated. End-to-end modeling forms a set of computational experiments of different levels of complexity, each of which has its own characteristic features and semantics. From the perspective of the mechanics of the degraded continuum, a mathematical model of the damaged medium has been developed, in which the processes of thermoplasticity and damage accumulation are generated by thermal fatigue. The model describes the effects of cyclic thermoplastic deformation; kinetics of damage accumulation; conditions of macroscopic destruction of the material. The model postulates the representation of the yield surface and the principle of gradiency of the velocity vector of plastic deformations at the loading point. A variant of the thermoplasticity equations describes the main effects in proportional and disproportionate modes. The thermoplasticity model is constructed as a system of “nested” models and contains the forms of equations of the theory of plastic flow under small deformations: various variants of isotropic hardening (ideally plastic material with a constant flow surface, linear isotropic hardening, variant of isotropic nonlinear hardening), various cases of kinematic hardening (linear kinematic hardening, the case of purely nonlinear kinematic hardening) and the general case of translational isotropic hardening. The kinetics of fatigue damage accumulation is described by introducing a scalar damage parameter and based on the energy principles of taking into account the main effects of the damage accumulation process for arbitrary complex loading modes. The condition of reaching the critical damage value is used as a criterion for macroscopic destruction. The relationship between the components of the model is carried out by introducing effective stresses. The paper presents a numerical analysis of the thermal fatigue life of a compact sample with stress concentrators simulating the operation of parts in the nozzle box of a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant. During the analysis, the characteristic features of thermal fatigue in the details of power equipment were studied. It is shown that the end-to-end modeling technology can be effectively used to assess the resource characteristics of power equipment parts under operational loading conditions.

The subject. The impact of digital transformation on the foundations of the constitutional system, namely the possibility of its influence on their form, content and implementation system, has been studied in this article. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the formation of the principle of the digital state, which underlies the interaction of society and the state in the conditions of building a digital economy in Russia. Active implementation of this principle was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the factors that can give an obvious and non-obvious impetus to the transformation of the constitutional identity of the foundations of the constitutional system are identified.The main functions of the constitutional principles are to preserve the stability of the foundations of the constitutional system and constitutional identity. We believe that modern legal science needs to comprehend the formation of new principles of interaction between society and public authorities, under the influence of digital technologies.

The problem of the formation and estimation of a thermoradiant and temperature field in ceramics Thermal- Environmental-Barrier Coatings (TBC/EBC) has been considered with complex heat transfer but under the influence of the penetrating intense radiant component. The authors proposed to analyze not only TBC but also EBC from the point of view of the optics of semitransparent scattering and absorbing media in the range of ~0.4–4 μm of external radiant action. This paradigm allows us to continue the study of ceramic fibers embedded in ceramic matrix CMCs (C/C, C/SiC, SiC/SiC) as a traditional class of opaque materials. However, at the same time, mullites, Al2O3/Al2O3 have been reviewed as a class of semitransparent elements for designing CMCs. The relevance of studying the effect of oriented fibers on the formation of thermoradiation and temperature fields in a semitransparent material was noted. Modeling the scattering asymmetry coefficient influence (scattering phase function) on the generation of the subsurface thermal radiation source was carried out. The methodology for calculating the thermoradiative field in a semitransparent medium (with relative absorption, scattering indexes, and scattering asymmetry coefficient) was used under a one-dimensional two-flux model as the first approximation for solving the radiative heat transfer equation. Calculations of temperature profiles in opaque and semitransparent ceramics were presented under heat load typical for the combustion chambers operating regime of diesel and gas turbine engines.