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Abstract The problem of plant diseases is huge as it affects the crop quality and leads to reduced crop production. Crop-Convolutional neural network (CNN) depiction is that several scholars have used the approaches of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques and have configured their models to specific crops to diagnose plant diseases. In this logic, it is unjustifiable to apply crop-specific models as farmers are resource-poor and possess a low digital literacy level. This study presents a Slender-CNN model of plant disease detection in corn (C), rice (R) and wheat (W) crops. The designed architecture incorporates parallel convolution layers of different dimensions in order to localize the lesions with multiple scales accurately. The experimentation results show that the designed network achieves the accuracy of 88.54% as well as overcomes several benchmark CNN models: VGG19, EfficientNetb6, ResNeXt, DenseNet201, AlexNet, YOLOv5 and MobileNetV3. In addition, the validated model demonstrates its effectiveness as a multi-purpose device by correctly categorizing the healthy and the infected class of individual types of crops, providing 99.81%, 87.11%, and 98.45% accuracy for CRW crops, respectively. Furthermore, considering the best performance values achieved and compactness of the proposed model, it can be employed for on-farm agricultural diseased crops identification finding applications even in resource-limited settings.

Background: Host modulation therapy has emerged as a new concept for the treatment of periodontal disease. Recently, a lot of research is being done in product containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). Omega-3 PUFA have therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and protective properties. This systematic review analysed the adjunctive use of omega-3 fatty acids in periodontal therapy of periodontitis patients. Methods: PICO question (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) was formed. Keywords were generated and were fed in databases. The databases were Pubmed, Cochrane library and LIVIVO. Studies selected are Randomized clinical trial, clinical studies, and longitudinal studies. Meta –analysis were performed for Pocket depth (PD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), Gingival index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI). Risk of bias was also assessed. Results: On analysis of all the 8 studies at 3 months showed significant effect of omega −3 fatty acid on clinical attachment level (CAL), Pocket depth (PD). There was significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids in 4 studies at 6 months. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the review, omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids seems to have a positive effect on periodontal healing following periodontal therapy. Chronic periodontitis patient should be counselled to incorporate omega −3 fatty acid in their diet along with standard periodontal therapy.

Introduction: Illness perception is the cognitive representation of an illness, which determines how a person responds to it. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) assesses seven components of illness representation in various chronic diseases, but queries prevail about its factor structure. The study assesses the components of illness representation in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 625 voluntary, consecutive dental patients with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis were recruited into the study. The Hindi version of IPQ-R was used, consisting of three parts-identity scale, structured scale, and perceived causes of the patient's ailment. Results: Of the 625 participants, 44.0% reported cyclical disease pattern, 30.4% said their disease was a mystery. Only 1.6% predicted it to remain throughout their life. A total of 44.0% of participants reported the disease to impact their day-to-day life severely. A significant difference was observed between males and females across seven components of IPQ-R. While 21.6% of participants attributed stress to be a major cause for their diseased state, 20.8% reported workload to be a major cause, but 42.4% attributed poor medical care in the past to be a major cause for their state. Conclusions: A sensible approach to treating a disease is to measure the patient's illness perception and target specific interventions accordingly. It would be cost-effective and break misconceptions about diseases in patients, ultimately providing them with better overall health and satisfaction.

Context: Status of bone–implant interface or osseointegration can be assessed by using resonance frequency analysis (RFA), which measures implant stability. A modified implant surface can significantly enhance osseointegration and reduce healing period. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) consists of fibrin mesh with entrapped platelets and leukocytes that release a huge number of growth factors which contribute to wound healing and tissue regeneration. Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of PRF on osseointegration in terms of implant stability. Settings and Design: This was a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Materials and Methods: Sixty surgical sites were divided randomly into two groups. In Group 1 (thirty sites), PRF was placed in osteotomy sites before implant placement whereas no PRF was placed in Group 2 (thirty sites). Stability was measured using RFA in terms of implant stability quotient (ISQ) at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Statistical Analysis: Intergroup comparison was done using Mann–Whitney U-test. Intragroup comparison was done using Friedman's test followed by pairwise comparison using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: On intergroup comparison, Group 1 showed higher values for ISQ which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) at 1 week and 1 month. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found at baseline and 3 months. Intragroup comparison and further pairwise comparison revealed a highly significant difference for values between all pairs of time intervals (P < 0.01) with higher values at 3 months. Conclusions: PRF has a significant effect on osseointegration of dental implants during the early healing period prior to loading.

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder affecting postmenopausal women. Data suggest that postmenopausal women are at increased risk of periodontal diseases. Amino bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and effectively used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Preliminary data indicate that there is a potential role for bisphosphonates in the management of periodontitis. Hence, this randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy of amino bisphosphonate on periodontal disease status among postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: Group A, which received scaling and root debridement and 70 mg weekly single oral dose of alendronate drug, and Group B, which received scaling and root debridement and placebo drug for 6 months. Clinical periodontal measurements were carried out for all patients at the baseline and 6 months later. Mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer at the beginning of the study and the end of 6 months. Results: A weekly single oral dose of 70 mg alendronate was well-tolerated. The intragroup comparison showed significant improvement in periodontal parameters in both groups. The intergroup comparison showed a significant increase in BMD after 6 months in Group A when compared with Group B (P = 0.0179). Conclusion: Single oral dose of 70 mg alendronate per week is well-tolerable, gastro-intestinally safe, and improves the clinical outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Medical image segmentation is usually integrated as a critical step in medical image analysis, often associated with numerous clinical applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides detailed visualization of the various anatomical structures decisive for interventions and surgical plans.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to design and apply an enhanced brain tumor MRI segmentation using K-mean with K-means as machine learning based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm (FA). METHODS: A novel fitness function of Swarm Based PSO works on velocity variation is introduced, which enhances the segmented regions. The traditional k-means algorithm is enhanced by applying PSO to the segmented part. Another extension of Swarm Intelligence named Firefly is applied to compare the results of the PSO based segmentation, and Firefly based segmentation is used. RESULTS: The simulation results are evaluated in terms of precision (98%), recall (0.95), f-measure (0.96), accuracy (97%), and segmentation time (2.63s) to measure the image segmentation the quality of main results obtained.CONCLUSION: Comparative studies have shown that the proposed design using k-means combined with FA exhibited high accuracy and precision in detecting brain tumor RoI.

Introduction: Periodontal disease and dental caries are the two most common oral diseases in human. Numerous studies have been carried out in the past to determine the association between occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease. Evidence on the simultaneous occurrence of these diseases is conflicting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the simultaneous occurrence of periodontal disease and dental caries in Bangalore population. Methodology: An observational, cross sectional study was conducted among 1001 subjects aged 30 to 50 years for one year. Clinical attachment loss (CAL), DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) and Silness-Loe index were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference among males and females with respect to CAL, plaque index, and DMFT score. There was a positive correlation between plaque index and CAL, r value = 0.575 and a weak negative correlation between DMFT and CAL, r value = -0.063. A weak negative correlation between DMFT and plaque index, r value = -0.120 was observed in the study. Conclusion: These data indicate that periodontal disease and dental caries do not tend to accumulate in the same subjects. There is a negative association between dental caries and periodontitis.