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© 2023 Elsevier B.V.The eastern Blacksea magmatic arc (EBMA) in the eastern Sakarya Zone (ESZ) provides an excellent opportunity to investigate birth of an extensional intra-arc and back-arc settings in the Late Cretaceous over the Early Cretaceous northern passive margin of the Neotethys Ocean. Volcano-stratigraphy clearly shows that the Late Cretaceous volcanic activity of the EBMA occurred in two major phases. Bimodality, characterized by mafic/basaltic rocks at the base and felsic/silicic types on top of it, is a typical feature of the lower (LVS) and upper (UVS) volcanic successions in the Giresun region of the ESZ. U–Pb and Ar–Ar ages support the volcanic succession as two-stage (LVS: ca. 92–85 and UVS: ca. 83–67 Ma) bimodal volcanism. Both the volcanic successions are represented by similar rock types consisting of tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalt-basaltic andesites and calc-alkaline to shoshonitic dacite-rhyolites. Basaltic (M1- and M2-series) and felsic/silicic (F1- and F2-series) samples of the LVS and UVS have an arc-like signature with enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted high field strength elements (HFSEs). Also, the felsic/silicic samples of the F1- and F2-series show prominent negative Sr and Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.4 to 0.9), suggesting that plagioclase fractionation played a key role on the evolution of both felsic series. Bimodal rock series in two phases have a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7048–0.7075) and 143Nd/144Nd(i) (0.5123–0.5127) ratios with variable ɛNd(i) values of −3.8 to +3.0. 206Pb/204Pb(i), 207Pb/204Pb(i) and 208Pb/204Pb(i) isotope ratios of the Giresun volcanic rocks vary in the range of 17.97–18.52, 15.55–15.65 and 37.53–38.56, respectively. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the parental magma of the M1-basaltic rocks were probably derived from a shallow (spinel-bearing) mantle metasomatized by slab/sediment-derived fluids. In contrast, the M2-basalts seem to have been originated from a deeper mantle source (spinel-garnet transition zone) enriched by slab/sediment-derived fluids and hydrous melts (bulk sediment) metasomatism with some contributions of lower/upper crustal materials. The least evolved basaltic samples in two phases are consistent with moderate (∼10–15%) to high degree (∼20–30%) partial melting of the metasomatized mantle. The silicic melts of the F1- and F2-rocks series, on the other hand, were likely derived from melting of lower crustal materials consisting of meta-basalts/andesites and lesser amount of meta-sediments. Subsequently, these melts experienced FC ± AFC and mixing processes during their ascent and emplacement to generate high-silica (rhyolitic) melts. Our data, combined with previous studies, suggest that two-stage bimodal volcanic rocks of the Late Cretaceous in the ESZ were formed in the transition from an extensional continental intra-arc to a back-arc setting during the northward subduction of the northern branch of Neotethys Ocean.

İslâm medeniyeti, alemlere rahmet olarak gönderilen İslâm peygamberi Hz.Muhammed (s.a.v.) ile tarih sahnesine taşınan vahiy şekillendirdiği aklın inşa ettiği birmedeniyet tecrübesidir. İmam Hatip Liselerinin 12. sınıflarında okutulan İslâm Kültürve Medeniyeti dersi söz konusu tecrübeyi gelecek nesillere aktarabilmenin bir vesilesiolarak önem arz etmektedir.“İmam Hatip Liselerinde Okutulan İslâm Kültür ve Medeniyeti Dersi ÖğretimProgramının Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre İncelenmesi” konulu araştırma “karmayöntem” çalışması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilimsel yöntemlerle elde edilen bulgular, ilgililiteratürle karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır.Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; öğretmenlerin %85,71’i İslâm Kültür veMedeniyeti dersi öğretim programını öğrencilerde sağlıklı bir medeniyet tasavvurugeliştirmesi bakımından yetersiz görürken, %85,82’si söz konusu dersin öğretimprogramının yeniden yapılandırılması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgularailişkin çözüm önerileri sonuç ve öneriler bölümde ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır.

The goal of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is to select the most appropriate of the alternatives by evaluating many conflicting criteria together. MCDM methods are widely available in the literature and have been used in various energy problems. The key problems studied in electrical power systems in recent years have included voltage instability and voltage collapse. Different flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) equipment has been used for this purpose for decades, increasing voltage stability while enhancing system efficiency, reliability and quality of supply, and offering environmental benefits. Finding the best locations for these devices in terms of voltage stability in actual electrical networks poses a serious problem. Many criteria should be considered when determining the most suitable location for the controller. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of MCDM techniques to be used for optimal location of a static VAR compensator (SVC) device in terms of voltage stability. The ideal location can be determined by means of sorting according to priority criteria. The proposed approach was carried out using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB in the IEEE 14-bus test system. Using ten different MCDM methods, the most appropriate locations were compared among themselves and a single ranking list was obtained, integrated with the Borda count method, which is a data fusion technique. The application results showed that the methods used are consistent among themselves. It was revealed that the integrated model was an appropriate method that could be used for optimal location selection, providing reliable and satisfactory results to power system planners.

特提斯成矿域中段的土耳其西部集中产出了与俯冲、碰撞-后碰撞、伸展动力学背景有关的斑岩型铜、钼、金矿床。前人已完成了针对这些斑岩型矿床构造背景的大量研究工作，但对于区内不同构造背景下斑岩型矿床的成矿岩浆源区性质、成矿元素-挥发分含量和成矿物质演化关系尚未有系统研究。而这些研究将对认识中特提斯构造域晚白垩世以来在新特提斯洋俯冲、欧亚板块-Tauride-Anatolide板块碰撞和伸展过程中斑岩矿床形成时地壳厚度、壳幔相互作用方式及成矿物质演化过程具有重要意义。本研究选择土耳其西段三个斑岩成矿带（Tavsanli带、Biga半岛成矿带和Afyon-Konya带）内五个斑岩型矿床的成矿岩体与同期侵入岩-火山岩，开展锆石微量元素和磷灰石主量元素研究，限定碰撞与伸展环境下斑岩型矿床成矿岩浆的形成温度、氧逸度条件及其与岩浆形成时地壳厚度的关系，利用磷灰石F-Cl-S含量组成揭示熔体挥发分和硫元素的物质组成，进而约束新特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞-伸展过程中斑岩系统的深部物质演化规律。研究结果表明，土耳其西部新生代斑岩型矿床成矿岩浆锆石大部分落于高水含量-高氧逸度区间，具有相似的稀土元素标准化配分曲线。从始新世到中新世，锆石氧逸度Ce4+/Ce3+比值呈现出先降低（斑岩型Cu-Mo矿到斑岩型Mo矿）后升高（斑岩型Mo-Cu矿到斑岩Au矿）的趋势，且相对于斑岩型Mo矿和Mo-Cu矿，斑岩型Au矿和Cu-Mo矿成矿岩体的锆石形成时具有相对较高的氧逸度。绝大部分斑岩型矿床成矿岩体的锆石EuN/EuN*位于0.4~0.7之间，但斑岩型Mo矿和斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床的锆石具有相对较低的EuN/EuN*比值，可能是由于在结晶时熔体受斜长石结晶影响较大。锆石微量元素显示（Yb/Gd和Hf/Y-Th/U）锆石组成大部分受岩浆房中角闪石±榍石±磷灰石分离结晶控制。根据锆石Ti温度计估算土耳其西部斑岩型矿床成矿岩体及其相关岩体的形成温度在650~900℃之间，结晶温度从斑岩型Au矿、斑岩型Cu-Mo/Mo-Cu矿至斑岩型Mo矿呈现递减趋势。对于熔体的挥发分与硫含量组成，始新世-渐新世斑岩型Cu-Mo与Mo矿床成矿岩浆相对具有高F和低Cl组成，中新世伸展环境形成的斑岩型Mo-Cu矿和斑岩型Au矿床成矿岩浆Cl含量普遍较高。与成矿岩体同期的暗色包体或基性岩脉中磷灰石计算获得的熔体硫含量均大于侵入体对应熔体的硫含量，且具有不均一的含量组成，表明基性岩浆注入可能为岩浆房提供硫。结合区域动力学和地壳厚度估算，本文认为触发土耳其西部新生代斑岩矿床形成的动力学机制是：在新特提斯洋向北单向汇聚的背景下，北部始新世-渐新世斑岩矿床受控于碰撞后俯冲的新特提斯洋板片（Vardar洋）后撤-回转-断离过程；南部中新世斑岩矿床的形成则受控于爱琴海板片俯冲控制的地壳伸展-减薄过程。北侧Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan缝合带附近的Tavsanli与Biga半岛斑岩成矿带始新世-渐新世斑岩型矿床的形成与熔融-同化-储存-均一过程（MASH）有关，深部地壳热区过程（DCHZ）与中新世Afyon-Konya带斑岩型矿床的形成有关。

Examensarbetet är skrivit som en fallstudie där syftet är att säkerställa Trollhättan Energi AB:s kunder får en avbrottsfri elleverans under ö-drift samt att företaget kan minska utsläppen av fossilbränslen från en dieselgenerator under ö-drift. Den nya strategin utförs genom att ersätta dieselgeneratorer som används för ö-drift med laddningsbara batterier. Ett problem uppstår idag när Trollhättan Energi AB använder en dieselgenerator som reservkraft i en nätstation där det finns solceller i området som producerar en högre effekt än områdets effektkonsumtion. En sådan överskottseffekt orsakar problem om området ska drivas i en ö-drift då effekten inte kan ta vägen någonstans och som resultat fås ett avbrott på grund av att bakeffektskyddet på dieselgeneratorn löser ut. Ett sätt att lösa denna situation är att använda sig av batterier i ö-nätet som både kan laddas i och laddas ur. För att klara alla möjliga driftsituationer skulle batterikapaciteten behöva vara relativt stor. För att minska behovet av större batterikapacitet, begränsas dock i studien tidsintervallen till när ö-drift ska köras med användning av enbart batteri till mellan soluppgång och solnedgång. Utanför detta tidsintervall antas en vanlig generator med miljöbränsle HVO 100 användas parallellt och därför undersöktes två olika batterikapaciteter som är 245 kWh respektive 490 kWh. Metoden är att hitta en laddningsnivå för batterier som anpassar till olika årstider. Eftersom effektförbrukning inte är densamma i juni som i februari är batteriets laddningsnivå olika för de olika månaderna. Resultatet visar att med batterikapacitet 245 kWh måste Trollhättan Energi AB kontakta solcellsägaren under en ö-drift och be denne stänga av elproduktionen för att undvika avbrott. Batterikapaciteten 490 kWh klarar ö-drift inom alla studerade tidsintervaller. Att köpa och underhålla ett 490 kWh batteri kostar utslaget på 15 år ungefär 400 kSEK/år. Det är dyrt och inte lönsamt för att idag lösa problemet med bakeffekt. I framtiden, om batteripriset sänks och antalet solcellsanläggningar ökar, kan det dock bli lönsammare. Det absolut enklaste och billigaste sätt idag är att beordra ägarna av solcellsanläggningar att stänga av produktionen samt därefter köra med dieselgenerator som idag. I Trollhättan ökar antalet solcellsanläggningar och detta gör att det kan bli ett större problem för Trollhättan Energi AB i framtiden. I framtiden om många kunder installerar solceller och ett spontant avbrott inträffar blir det svårare att kontakta alla kunder. This bachelor’s thesis is written as a case study where the intended purpose is to reduce emissions of fossil fuels from a diesel generator and to ensure that Trollhättan Energi AB's customers receive an uninterrupted electricity supply during island operation. This is done by replacing diesel generators with chargeable batteries. The identified problem occurs when Trollhättan Energi AB uses a diesel generator in a substation where solar cells are also connected, and the solar cells produce more power thanthe costumers consume. This surplus power from solar cells will result in a disconnection of the diesel generator due to reverse power protection. The battery capacity would need to be relatively large to cope with all the possible scenarios. For the use of battery only, the study limits the time intervals between sunrise and sunset to reduce the need for larger battery capacity. However, outside this time interval, an ordinary generator with environmental fuel HVO 100 is assumed to be used in parallel and therefore two different battery capacities were examined. Capacity for the batteries are 245 kWh and 490 kWh, respectively. The method is to find a charging level for the batteries that can adapt to different seasons. Since the power consumption is not the same in June as in February, the battery charging level is different for the different months. The results of the study show that with a battery capacity of 245 kWh, Trollhättan Energi AB must contact the solar cell owner during island operation to avoid interruptions. The battery capacity 490 kWh can handle island operation at all time intervals for the risk of back power throughout the year without having to contact the solar cell owner. Buying a 490 kWh battery costs approximately 400 kSEK / year over 15 years. It is expensive and not profitable to solve the problem with the reverse power. In the future, however, if the battery price is lowered and the number of solar cell systems increases, it may become more profitable. The easiest and cheapest solution today is to order the owners of the solar cell systems to switch of the power production and then use a diesel generator, as today. In Trollhättan, the number of solar cell installations is increasing, and this means that in the future it might be a more significant problem for Trollhättan Energi AB. If several customers install solar cells and a spontaneous interruption occurs, it will be more challenging to contact and organize a solar cell switch-off with all costumers. Therefore, buying a battery might be a solution in the future.

Comparative in vitro activity of plazomicin and 4 older aminoglycosides was evaluated with broth microdilution in 714 blood isolates from 14 hospitals in Turkey. Isolates included Escherichia coli (n=320), Klebsiella spp. (n=294), Enterobacter spp. (n =69), Serratia marcescens (n=20). and Citrobacter spp. (n=11). Isolates resistant to older aminoglycosides (n=240) were screened for aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes: aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2 '')-Ia. Isolates with high MICs for plazomicin (n=41) were screened for 165 rRNA methyltransferase genes (armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, rmtE, rmtF, rmtG, rmtH, npmA) and 2 carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1). Overall, resistance to plazomicin, amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was 7.7%, 7.4%, 31.5%, 32.9%, and 34.7%, respectively. aac(6')-Ib and aac(3)-IIa were the most common AME genes. Co-occurrence of blaNDM-1 with armA and rmtC and blaOXA-48 with armA was striking. Enterobacter cloacae carrying rmtC+blaNDM-1, S. marcescens with armA+blaOXA-48, and rmtF+ blaOXA-48 in K. pneumoniae were reported for the first time. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Achaogen Inc., CA, USA, The authors would like to acknowledge Achaogen Inc., CA, USA, for providing plazomicin and partly funding the tests for in vitro susceptibilities and characterization of aminoglycoside resistance genes.