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الملخص: أهداف البحث: سعت هذه الدراسه ألي تحديد الأرتباط والفرق، إن وجد، بين الجانب المماثل وبين الجانبين المتقابلين أثناء تمرين التوازن والتحمل الثابت. طرق البحث: شارك ١١٢ طالب جامعي يتمتع بصحه جيده (٥٥ إناث، ٥٧ ذكور) في هذه الدراسه. أجري كل مشارك تمرين Quadruped bird dog ( رفع ذراع واحده والساق في الجانب المقابل) والحفاظ علي التوازن في حاله ثابته. كما أجري كل مشارك تمرين ال side bridge من وضع الأستلقاء علي الجانب ورفع الجذع والوركين والحفاظ علي التوازن لأطول فتره ممكنه. النتائج: أظهر أختبار Wilcoxon فرق ذو دلاله أحصائيه لتمرين Quadruped bird dog وليس لتمرين Side bridge. كما أظهرت الدراسه معامل أرتباط قوي مقداره 0.85 و 0.75 لتمرين Quadruped bird dog وتمرين Side bridge علي التوالي. الأستنتاجات: قد تكون هذه النتائج مفيده لأخصائي التأهيل للتقييم الموضوعي لقدرات التوازن والتحمل الثابت ومتابعة التقدم في العلاج. كما أنه يساعد في تحديد التمرين المناسب والمتدرج لثبات الجذع. Abstract: Objectives: This study sought to determine the association and the difference, if any, between the levels of the contralateral and between the levels of the ipsilateral sides during static endurance-balance exercise. Methods: One hundred twelve healthy active- college students (55 females and 57 males) participated in this cross-sectional study. Each participant performed the contralateral (raising one arm and opposite-side leg) quadruped bird dog exercise and balanced in static condition. Side bridge exercise was performed from lying on your side then engaging your core muscles and lifting your upper body and hips off the ground, maintaining a straight line and holding this position as long as tolerated. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant difference (p = 0.004) between the contralateral right and left quadruped bird dog but insignificant difference (p = 0.059) between the ipsilateral right and left side bridge endurance-balance exercises. Mann–Whitney U test showed that the holding time was significant across gender for the contralateral but was insignificant for the ipsilateral endurance-balance exercise. Mann–Whitney U test was insignificant (p > 0.05) between those being recreationally active or inactive. Kruskal–Wallis test revealed insignificant difference between body mass index categories. Spearman's rho correlation coefficient showed strong positive correlation equals 0.85 and 0.75 (p

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير العلاج بالموجات التصادمية الشعاعية خارج الجسم على التحكم الحركي الانتقائي، التشنج، الوظيفة الحركية الإجمالية والتوازن لدى الأطفال المصابين بالشلل الدماغي احادي الجانب. طرق البحث: تم إجراء هذه الدراسة العشوائية الضابطة على ۳٤ طفلا أعمارهم ٧ الى ٩ أعوام، مصابين بالشلل الدماغي احادي الجانب. الذين تم تقسيمهم عشوائيا للمجموعة الضابطة أو مجموعة الدراسة. تلقت المجموعتان تمارين تقليدية لمدة ۱٢ أسبوعا. تلقت مجموعة الدراسة موجات تصادمية (جلسة واحدة / أسبوع) على عضلات الساق (۱٥٠٠صدمة، تردد ٤ هرتز، طاقة ٠٫٠۳٠مللي جول / مم٢). تم تقييم جميع الأطفال قبل بدء العلاج وبعد ۱٢ أسبوعا باستخدام مقياس أشوورث المعدل، جهاز بيودكس دينامومتر ٤ متساوي الحركة، مقياس الوظيفة الحركية الإجمالية -٨٨, ذو ابعاد ''د'' للوقوف و ''أي'' للمشي، ومقياس التحكم الحركي الإنتقائي تروست، واختبار الوقوف على قدم واحدة. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج تحسنا ملحوظا في عزم الدوران المنحرف، وزوايا عتبة عزم الدوران، والوظيفة الحركية الإجمالية، والتحكم الحركي الانتقائي والتوازن في مجموعة الدراسة بالمقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة. الاستنتاجات: قد يكون العلاج بالموجات التصادمية أداة قيمة إلى حد كبير للحد من التشنج، تحسين القدرة على عزل الحركة والتحكم فيها، وبالتالي، تحسين التوازن والوظيفة الحركية الإجمالية لدى الأطفال المصابين بالشلل الدماغي أحادي الجانب. Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on selective motor control, spasticity, gross motor function, and balance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Methods: This randomised controlled study recruited 34 children aged 7–9 with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy. They were randomly allocated to either the control or study group. Both groups undertook traditional exercises for 12 weeks. The study group received shock waves (one session/week) on the calf muscle (1500 shocks, frequency of 4 Hz, energy of 0.030 mJ/mm2). All children were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks using the Modified Ashworth Scale, a Biodex System 4 isokinetic dynamometer, dimensions D (standing) and E (walking) of the Gross Motor Function Measure – 88, the Trost Selective Motor Control test, and the single leg standing test. Results: Mixed analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney results showed significant improvement in eccentric peak torque, torque threshold angles, gross motor function, selective motor control, and balance in the study group compared with the control group (p

IntroductionChronic venous and diabetic ulcers are hard to treat that cause patients long time of suffering as well as significant healthcare and financial costs.PurposeThe conducted study was to evaluate the efficacy of bee venom (BV) phonophoresis on the healing of chronic unhealed venous and/or diabetic foot ulcers Also, to compare the healing rate of diabetic and venous ulcers.MethodologyThe study included 100 patients (71 males and 29 females) with an age range of 40-60 years' old who had chronic unhealed venous leg ulcers of grade I, grade II, or diabetic foot ulcers with type II diabetes mellitus. They randomly assigned into four equal groups of 25: Group A (diabetic foot ulcer study group) and group C (venous ulcer study group) who both received conservative treatment of medical ulcer care and phonophoresis with BV gel, in addition to group B (diabetic foot ulcer control group) and group D (venous ulcer control group) who both received conservative treatment of medical ulcer care and received ultrasound sessions only without BV gel. Wound surface area (WSA) and ulcer volume measurement (UVM) were used to assess the ulcer healing pre-application (P0), post-6 weeks of treatment (P1), and after 12 weeks of treatment (P2). In addition to Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the cell proliferative in the granulation tissue of ulcers pre-application (P0) and after 12 weeks of treatment (P2) for all groups.ResultsThis research revealed a statistical significance improvement (p ≤ 0.0) in the WSA, and UVM with no significant difference between study groups after treatment. Regarding Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed higher post treatment values in the venous ulcer group in comparison to the diabetic foot ulcer group.ConclusionBee venom (BV) provided by phonophoresis is effective adjuvant treatment in accelerating venous and diabetic foot ulcer healing with higher proliferative effect on venous ulcer.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05285930.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the severity of symptoms and the level of disability or difficulty associated with MSDs in the neck, shoulders, upper limbs, lower back, and lower limbs as well as the factors associated with MSDs. Material and Methods This investigation collected demographic, health ( 36-Item Short Form Survey [SF-36]), and occupational related-factors for supermarket cashiers through the administration of several questionnaires, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. Results One hundred ninety-three supermarket cashiers participated in this study. The mean scores for disability levels included NDI (M±SD 18.62±14.57), ODI (M±SD 20.74±13.89), DASH (M±SD 15.08±13.90), and LEFS (M±SD 63.06±14.24). Regression analyses demonstrated the existence of significant relationships between the experience of MSDs and several other factors, including the number of working days per week, the preferred working position, marital status and the need for awkward positions. Conclusions The results indicate MSDs that signified a mild disability level among young participants. The number of working days per week, the preferred working position, the need to assume awkward positions, and marital status were significantly associated with MSDs. The findings indicated the need for preventive to avoid or minimize the prevalence of MSDs among supermarket cashiers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(4):407–23

Current understanding of region-specific relationships and trends in amputation related parameters for the Saudi Arabian population is limited. The purpose of this study was to look at a cross-section of the Saudi population who had experienced traumatic upper and/or lower limb amputations over a ten-year period in terms of the epidemiological parameters (age, gender, and amputation side) and nationality (locals versus expatriates). Data were obtained from the medical records of five tertiary care hospitals in Al-Madina Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Data relating to 398 amputees were analyzed (age: 32.96 ± 22.68 years), of which 74% were males. Amputation frequency was found to be inversely related to the age group of the amputees. No statistically significant relationship of gender or annual distribution of amputations was found in relation to level of amputation. A considerable effect of nationality was found in relation to the level of amputation, side of amputation and gender. Further research to categorize these amputations based on the type of trauma to better understand the relationship between demographic parameters and amputation level is warranted.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تقييم ذروة عزم الدوران ومتوسط قوة العضلات القابضة والباسطة للعمود الفقري لدى المراهقين الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين ١٢ ١٨ عاما ومعرفة ما إذا كان هناك اختلاف في أداء عضلات الجذع باختلاف نوع مؤشر كتلة الجسم. طرق البحث: تم قياس ذروة عزم الدوران ومتوسط قوة العضلات القابضة والباسطة للعمود الفقري لدى ١٨٠ شخصا (تتراوح أعمارهم من ١٢ إلى ١٨ عاما) تم تصنيفهم الى أربع مجموعات وفقا لمؤشر كتلة الجسم. كما تم إجراء التقييم باستخدام جهاز الايزوكينيتك حيث تم تقييم ذروة عزم الدوران ومتوسط قوة العضلات القابضة والباسطة للعمود الفقري بسرعات ٦٠ درجة و١٢٠ درجة / ثانية. وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام تحليل التباين متعدد الاتجاهات لتحديد ما إذا كانت هناك أي فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعات الأربع. النتائج: أشارت نتائج تحليل التباين متعدد الاتجاهات إلى انخفاض في قوة عضلات الجذع مع زيادة مؤشر كتلة الجسم. وكذلك أوضحت النتائج ارتفاعا ملحوظا في عزم الدوران ومتوسط قوة عضلات الجذع في مجموعة الأشخاص ذوي الوزن الطبيعي مقارنة بالأشخاص الذين يعانون من نقص الوزن وزيادة الوزن والسمنة. وأيضا أظهرت نتائج معامل ارتباط بيرسون وجود ارتباطا معنويا سلبيا بين الوزن وعزم دوران الذروة للعضلات القابضة والباسطة للعمود الفقري. وكان هناك ارتباط سلبي ملحوظ بين الوزن ومتوسط قوة هذه العضلات. الاستنتاجات: خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة سلبية بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم وعزم الدوران الأقصى ومتوسط قوة عضلات الجذع والعضلات القابضة والباسطة للظهر. وبالتالي يجب أن تتضمن برامج إعادة التأهيل للمراهقين الذين يعانون من زيادة الوزن والسمنة برنامج لتقوية عضلات الظهر بهدف تحسين فاعلية تلك التدخلات العلاجية وبالتالي تحسين نوعية حياة هؤلاء الأشخاص. Abstract: Objective: This study aims to evaluate the isokinetic performance for the peak torque and average power of the spinal flexor and extensor muscles in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The study also analyses the differences between the trunk muscle peak torque and average power with body mass index (BMI). Method: The peak torque and average power of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles were measured in 180 adolescents (aged 12–18 years). The participants were classified into four groups according to BMI. The Biodex isokinetic dynamometer in concentric mode at speeds of 60° and 120°/sec was used for assessment. Results: One-way multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA results demonstrated a significant difference in trunk muscle peak torque and average power with different BMI (F = 14.692, p = 0.0005). A Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated a significantly negative correlation between weight and peak torque of trunk flexors and extensors (r = - 0.43, p = 0.0001; r = −0.31, p = 0.007, respectively). Finally, the results showed a negative correlation between weight and average power of trunk flexors and extensors (r = −0.54, p = 0.0001; r = −0.31, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In this study, overweight and obese adolescents are found to be correlated with decreased trunk muscle torque and power. Thus, therapeutic interventions for overweight and obese adolescents, along with exercise training programmes, may help improve muscle performance including peak torque and power. Finally, these measures may enhance the quality of life of such adolescents.

Article accepted. The article will be published here soon. Pending final quality checks.

High-heeled shoes adversely affect spinal curvature, increase the risk of low back pain, and disturb the normal gait pattern. The purpose of this study was to examine, from a biopsychosocial point of view, the combined effect of wearing two different heel heights and of hormonal oscillation throughout different phases of the menstrual cycle on spinopelvic alignment. Notably, 70 females with an average age of 20.42 ± 1.51 years participated in this study, wearing each female two different heel heights as follows: low (2.5 cm) and high (7 cm). Spinopelvic alignment was evaluated by rasterstereography formetric 3D analysis during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) on spinopelvic alignment [kyphotic angle (KA), trunk inclination (TI), and pelvic inclination] between wearing low- or high-heeled shoes during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Considering that high-heeled shoes are traditionally associated with femininity, body image, beauty, and charm, this research has important biopsychosocial implications that should be explored in detail in future studies.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: إن قوة القبضة مهمة للاستقلال بالرعاية الذاتية ومؤشر على الانخفاض الوظيفي. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد ما إذا كان الأفراد الأصحاء سيظهرون قبضة لليد وقوة قرصة مختلفة: أولا، عند اختبارهما في ثلاثة أوضاع مختلفة للذراع؛ وثانيا، عند المقارنة بين اليد المهيمنة واليد غير المهيمنة. طرق البحث: تم استقطاب، وبصورة متتابعة، ما مجموعه ٦١ من طلاب الجامعة الذكور من ذوي اليد اليمنى المهيمنة، الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين ١٩ و٢٣ سنة من كلية علوم التأهيل الطبي. أُخذت القياسات عن طريق ثلاثة من الباحثين. ضُبِط مقبض ''جامار'' لقياس القبضة اليدوية على الموضع الثاني لجميع الفحوصات. وتم توجيه المشاركين للضغط على المقبض اليدوي في حالة انثناء الكوع ٩٠ درجة، وحالة انحناء الكتف ٩٠ درجة، وحالة الذراع المتدلية. فيما يتعلق بقوة القرصة، كان على كل مشارك أن يضغط على لوحة الإبهام مقابل الجانب الوحشي للعظمة الوسطى للسبابة. وتم قياس قوة القرصة من نفس المواضع المستخدمة لقياس قوة قبضة اليد. أُخفيت النتائج عن المشاركين. النتائج: لم تُظهر قبضة اليد وقوة القرصة تأثيرا كبيرا. كما أنه لم تكن هناك فوارق ذات قيمة عند مقارنة قوة قبضة اليد اليمنى واليسرى. إلا أن قوة القرصة أظهرت زيادة كبيرة لصالح اليد المهيمنة. الاستنتاجات: يمكن للأطباء اختيار أي موضع للطرف العلوي لقياس قبضة اليد وقوة القرصة. أظهرت هذه الدراسة أنه يجب على الأطباء الحفاظ على، واستعادة درجة قريبة جدا من قبضة اليد وقوة قرصة الأيدي المهيمنة وغير المهيمنة لتحسين وظيفة الأيدي. Abstract: Objective: Grip strength is important for independent self-care and is a predictor of functional decline. This study aimed to determine if healthy individuals would demonstrate different hand-grip and key-pinch strengths at three different arm positions and in comparisons between dominant and non-dominant hands. Methods: A total of 61 right-hand–dominant male college students aged 19–23 years were consecutively recruited from the College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences. Three researchers performed the measurements. All tests were performed with the JAMAR® hand-grip dynamometer handle set in its second position. Participants were instructed to squeeze the handle of the hand-grip dynamometer in the 90° elbow flexion, 90° shoulder flexion, and arm dangled positions. For assessment of key-pinch strength, every participant had to squeeze the thumb pad against the lateral aspect of the middle phalanx of the index finger. Key-pinch strength was measured in the same positions used for assessment of hand-grip strength. Participants were blinded for the outcome measurements. The significance level was set at p

الملخص: أهداف البحث: سبق وأن تم الإبلاغ عن مضاعفات رئوية مثل الانخماص، والوذمة الرئوية، والانصباب الجنبي، والتشنج القصبي والالتهاب الرئوي خلال الفترة التي تتلو عمليات جراحة القلب. يُعتبر التنفس الضحل المؤدي إلى ضعف وظائف الرئة السبب الرئيس لمضاعفات الجهاز التنفسي. ويمكن قياس انخفاض قوة العضلات التنفسية عن طريق الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى والضغط الزفيري الأقصى الناتج في تجويف الفم. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد انخفاض قوة العضلات التنفسية بعد ثمانية أسابيع من جراحة القلب. علاوة على ذلك، تمت دراسة العلاقة بين وظيفة الرئة وقوة العضلات التنفسية. طرق البحث: في هذه الدراسة المبنية على الملاحظة، تمت دراسة ٤٢ مريضا من مرضى جراحة القلب البالغين (أعمارهم ٦٥ ± ٧ سنوات). كان هناك ١٠ نساء و٣٢ رجلا. تم قياس وظيفة الرئة وقوة العضلات التنفسية قبل العملية وشهرين بعد العملية. النتائج: كانت قوة عضلات الجهاز التنفسي قبل وبعد العملية الجراحية وفقا للقيم المتوقعة؛ حيث كان الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى قبل العملية ٨١.٧٥+/- ٢٢.٠٤سم ماء، وبعد العملية بشهرين ٧٤.٥٦+/- ١٨.٨٦سم ماء. وكان الضغط الزفيري الأقصى قبل العملية ٩٨.٥٥+/- ٢٢.٢٤ سم ماء، وبعد العملية بشهرين ٨٨.٨٦+/- ١٨.١٤سم ماء. وكانت وظيفة الرئة قبل العملية وفقا للقيم المتوقعة، إلا أنه انخفضت بشكل ملحوظ بعد العملية. في زيارة المتابعة بعد العملية بشهرين، وكانت هناك علاقة معتدلة بين الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى وحجم الزفير القسري. الاستنتاجات: أظهرت هذه الدراسة أن قوة عضلات الجهاز التنفسي لم تعرقل، لا سابقا ولا شهرين بعد جراحة القلب. ولكن الآلية المحددة لهذا التعديل في وظائف الرئة ليست مفهومة بشكل واضح. يجب أن تركز التدابير الرامية إلى إعادة تحديد القدرة المثالية للرئة بعد العملية الجراحية على تمارين رئوية مختلفة قبل وبعد العملية. Abstract: Objectives: Pulmonary complications, such as atelectasis, pulmonary oedema, pleural effusion, bronchospasm, and pneumonia, have been reported following cardiac surgery. Shallow breathing leading to impaired lung function is the major cause of respiratory complications. Decreases in respiratory muscle strength can be measured using the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) produced in the oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the decrease in respiratory muscle strength 8 weeks following cardiac surgery. Moreover, the relationship between lung function and respiratory muscle strength was studied. Methods: In this observational study, 42 adult cardiac surgery patients (10 women, 32 men; mean age 65 ± 7 years) were investigated. Lung function and respiratory muscle strength were measured preoperatively and at 2 months postoperatively. Results: The pre- and postoperative respiratory muscle strengths were in accordance with the predicted values. The MIP was 81.75 ± 22.04 cmH2O preoperatively and 74.56 ± 18.86 cmH2O at the 2-month follow-up (p = 0.146). The MEP was 98.55 ± 22.24 cmH2O preoperatively and 88.86 ± 18.14 cmH2O at the 2-month follow-up (p = 0.19). The preoperative lung function was in accordance with the predicted values; however, lung function significantly decreased postoperatively. At the 2-month follow-up, there was a moderate correlation between the MIP and forced expiratory volume (r = 0.59, p = 0 .0078). Conclusions: The respiratory muscle strength was not impeded either before or 2 months after cardiac surgery. However, the exact mechanism for the alteration in lung function remains unclear. Measures to re-establish the ideal postoperative lung capacity should concentrate on different perioperative pulmonary exercises. الكلمات المفتاحية: جراحة القلب, وظيفة الرئة, قوة العضلات التنفسية, الضغط الشهيقي الأقصى, الضغط الزفيري الأقصى, Keywords: Cardiac surgery, Lung function, Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), Respiratory muscle strength

Examining the outcome of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on females with postpartum sacroiliac joint pain was the aim of this study. Forty primigravida (six weeks postpartum) females with sacroiliac pain was the sample in this study. The subjects equally randomly allocated in group A and B. Group A was treated by ESWT in addition to postural correction and posterior pelvic tilting exercises. Group B was treated by the same exercise program only. Two sessions every week for four weeks were received by both groups. The measurement variables were sacroiliac pain and function level that were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and the back pain functional scale (BPFS), respectively. All measurements were evaluated pre and post four weeks of intervention. The within groups analysis showed a significant improvement in VAS and a significant increase in BPFS in both groups after treatment compared with baseline. Regarding between groups analyses there was a significant improvement in VAS and a significant increase in BPFS in group A compared with group B. In conclusion, both ESWT and exercise program are effective in decreasing the pain and improving the function in females with postpartum sacroiliac pain. However, by adding ESWT to exercises in the treatment program the results are better, so this combination is recommended in treatment of females with postpartum sacroiliac pain.

Background: There is a scarcity of understanding about the region-specific trends and relations of amputation-related parameters for Saudi Arabia. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to study the epidemiology of a cross-section of the Saudi Arabian population that has undergone upper or lower limb amputation due to trauma in terms of epidemiological parameters (age, gender, and side of amputation) in the past ten years. Methods: Medical records of five tertiary care hospitals of Saudi Arabia were retrieved to collect data. Results: Data of 245 amputees was analyzed (age: 28.04 ± 23.31 years), out of which 71.42% were male (male: female = 5:2). The frequency of amputations in five tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia was inversely related to the amputees' age group. No significant relationship of gender was found with the level of amputation. However, a significant relationship was found between annual distribution and level of amputation (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Year of amputation had a significant relationship with the level of amputation. Further studies can categorize these amputations according to trauma type to further explore the relationship between demographic parameters and amputation level.

Background: This study aims to determine the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in primary school children in relation to age (6–12 years) and gender. It also aims to ascertain whether musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is associated with GJH among these children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary schools in Al-Madinah al-Munawarah city. The demographic profile recorded includes age, gender, ethnic group, height, weight, and body mass index. The existence of GJH was assessed by the Beighton score (≥4 was acknowledged as hypermobility). Prior to physical examinations, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was distributed to the students to assist in detecting symptoms in their neck, back, shoulders, and extremities. Results: The study included 563 students (392 boys, 171 girls; average 10.12 ± 1.588 years; range 6–12 years). GJH was found in 144 students (25.6%). Out of the total number of participants, the occurrence of GJH in male students was 30.87% versus 13.5% in female students, indicating a significant difference (p = 0.001) by gender. GJH was also more prevalent in the age group of 6–9 years (29.2%) compared to that of 10–12 years (23.7%), with a considerable significant difference of p < 0.05. With respect to MSP, 222 (39.4%) of the total number of students reported pain. Pain was found in 31 (21.5%) and 191 (45.6%) of hypermobile students and non-hypermobile students, respectively, with a significant difference of p = 0.029. MSP was also not associated with GJH among these children. Conclusions: The prevalence of GJH in the primary school children in this study was markedly higher than the range revealed in some countries in the region but somewhat within the range reported internationally.

Objectives: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been shown to benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) on exercise capacity, pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with COPD. Methods: A pre-test and post-test experimental design was conducted on patients from the outpatient physical therapy department. Thirty stable COPD patients with mild to severe airflow obstruction, (mean age 54.1 ± 5.22, FEV1, between 0.80 and 0.30 predicted; FEV1/FVCÂ

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the stroke types and the risk factors of the first-time stroke in the holy city of Madinah Munawarah. Methods: A prospective hospital-based research study was carried out over the year of 2014. The patients with the diagnosis of the cerebrovascular accident were enrolled in the study. The details of patients’ history, demographic data, stroke type, and risk factors were collected. Results: First-time stroke were determined in 164 patients (91 male and 73 female) during the entire periods of this study with a mean age of 67.52 ± 2.31 years. The prevalence of types of stroke was ischaemic strokes in 133 patients (% 81.1), intercerebral hemorrhage in 24 patients (14.63%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one patient (0.6%). The most common risk factors recorded were hypertension (86.6%), diabetes mellitus (63.4%), and ischaemic heart disease (41.5%). There was no significant relationship between the frequency of ischaemic stroke and intercerebral hemorrhage stroke ( p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates that hypertension, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease are critical risk factors for developing stroke and fairly commensurate with the global reported risk factors. Further research is needed to investigate stroke patterns and other possible risk factors concurrently with Saudi national prevention programs.

Most medical rehabilitation and applied medical students suffer from disturbed sleep due to academic and clinical demands. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the psychological stresses and sleep quality to inform the organization of mental health programs in medical rehabilitation and applied medical colleges. In order to do this, we evaluate and compare sleep quality in medical students at various phases of their medical course in order to help prevent the effect of stress during their study period. The 300 Medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students from Taibah University, were invited to participate in a cross sectional questionnaire based study on the effect of stress on sleep quality. 271 students completed the forms fully irrespective of the year of study. The instruments used in data collection were self-reported Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and Depression and Anxiety Scale. The results obtained from the instrument components were analyzed for the total sample including the male and female students. 52.05% of the students reported having fairly bad sleep quality. Moreover, there was a relationship between sleep quality, general health status of students, and depression - anxiety status, i.e., a significant difference in coefficient correlation r = 0.532, p = 0.0001(p

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the medical practice, and the limited movement of the neck muscles can result in impaired chest movement. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neck pain and pulmonary function using spirometry. Methods: We included 75 patients with chronic neck pain and 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We performed spirometry and recorded forced-vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second of FVC (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% (FEF 25–75), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). We also measured the neck active range of motion in all positions (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation) and administered the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Results: Neck movements were significantly limited in all directions in patients with chronic neck pain. Pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75, and PEFR) was significantly lower, and FEV1/ FVC was significantly higher in the neck pain group compared with the control group. In the neck pain group, restrictive pattern in spirometry was found in 39 participants (52%). The pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75, and PEFR) had a significant positive linear relationship with neck movement and a significant negative linear relationship with VAS and NDI scores. Conclusions: Patients with chronic neck pain had limited pulmonary function, which was related to a limited range of cervical movement.

Background: It goes without saying that central or upper body adiposity leads to increased risks of obesity-associated metabolic complications. Direct methods of measurement of central obesity are not practical for field studies due to technical difficulties and cost. Thus, the urge to depend on anthropometry is going larger. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the relations between different anthropometry and to predict and cross-validate these measures. Methods: Subjects participating in the study included only 71 boys from different grades (aged 6-12 years). The following anthropometric measurements were measured and calculated: body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist to hip ratio(WHR), and waist to height ratio(WHtR). Results: WC was the best single predictor of obesity, explaining 67.4% (r=0.67)of its variance while WHR explained 0.6% (r=0.006)and WHtR explained 7.3%.(r=0.07) Following quadratic regression and cross-validation techniques, it was obvious that WC better explained 77.3%(r=0.77) with p

Background: Many therapeutic uses for Pulsed magnetic fields have been extensively studied. Beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system were established including bone healing, pain relief, and inflammatory conditions. The study aimed at investigating the possible effects of the pulsed magnetic field on quadriceps muscle torque, hamstring muscle torque and knee proprioception accuracy in athletic subjects. Methods: A randomized controlled trial which was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Thirty healthy male athletic subjects, aging from 18 – 24 years were divided into two groups, study group (15 subjects) & control group (15 subjects). The pulsed magnetic field was applied for subjects of intervention group, while control group participants received sham pulsed magnetic field for 12 sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Quadriceps muscle torque, hamstring muscle torque & knee proprioception accuracy were measured before & after treatment for all participants using Biodex system 4 pro isokinetic dynamometer. Results: Multiway ANOVA was carried out to detect any significant differences within and between groups. Statistically significant differences between study and control groups were found after pulsed magnetic field application in quadriceps peak torque (at 60 and 120deg/sec) & hamstring peak torque (at 60 and 120deg/sec) and in knee proprioception accuracy (p-value was 0.004, 0.0001, 0.02, 0.03, 0.0001 respectively). Conclusion: Pulsed magnetic field has beneficial effects on quadriceps muscle peak torque, hamstring muscle peak torque and knee proprioception accuracy in healthy athletic subjects and can be advised as an adjunctive tool in rehabilitation programs.