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The production of electrical energy is a key factor in the establishment and reproduction of social life. However, in times of global climate change caused predominantly by the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) produced by burning oil, seeking sustainable alternatives becomes a necessity. To this end, this study aims to analyze the extent to which the sustainability of electrical energy generation occurs in the state of Roraima, adopting as a parameter of analysis the installation and operation of the enterprise operated with palm oil located in the municipality of Rorainópolis, south of the state of Roraima. It is clear that the generation of energy uses organic matter and has a reasonable supply potential for the municipality of Rorainópolis, the second most populous in the state of Roraima. However, the real sustainability of the activity of generating electricity from palm oil should be monitored by civil society and the government, with a view to ensuring the perpetuation of communities and their local productive activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research featured the noteworthy properties of a Mozzarella cheese analogue composed of palm oil (PO) and palm olein (POo) as milk fat alternatives. The objective of this study was to examine the properties of a palm-based Mozzarella cheese analogue (P-MCA) in comparison to a fat-free Mozzarella cheese analogue (FF-MCA) and a commercial Mozzarella cheese sample (CMC) containing 68% palm-based Mozzarella cheese analogue. Mozzarella cheese samples were analyzed for compositional properties, color, functional properties (stretchability and meltability) and sensory evaluation. The stretchability and meltability of both P-MCA and FF-MCA were desirably and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the C-MC. Moreover, the P-MCA had the significantly highest (p < 0.05) acceptance score for all sensory attributes in both raw form and as a pizza topping. In conclusion, the P-MCA showed superior performance in terms of functionality and sensory acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coconut oil is a costly commodity in the food and traditional medicinal sectors and its adulteration with cheap palm oil is a serious issue. The present study evaluates the application of 1H NMR spectroscopy to authenticate coconut oil, and to monitor its adulteration with the cheap palm oil substitute. Various parameters such as average chain length (14.25), saponification index (244.66 mg KOH/100 g), molecular weight (652.12), iodine value (8.27 mg/100 g), peroxide value (0.02 meqO2/kg) and percentage of unsaturation (7.81%) were calculated through the NMR technique, and were found to be in concurrence with the values obtained from wet lab experiments. The extent of palm oil adulteration can be detected through NMR by evaluating the chemical shift values for olefinic protons. The findings have a significant impact on both the food and traditional medicine sectors, as NMR spectroscopy can replace the conventional wet lab methods as a reliable and precise method for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of oil palm plantations has led to land‐use change and deforestation in the tropics, which has affected biodiversity. Although the impacts of the crop on terrestrial biodiversity have been extensively reviewed, its effects on freshwater biodiversity remain relatively unexplored. We reviewed the research assessing the impacts of forest‐to‐oil palm conversion on freshwater biota and the mitigating effect of riparian buffers on these impacts. We searched for studies comparing taxa richness, species abundance, and community composition of macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and fish in streams in forests (primary and disturbed) and oil palm plantations with and without riparian buffers. Then, we conducted a meta‐analysis to quantify the overall effect of the land‐use change on the 3 taxonomic groups. Twenty‐nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On average, plantations lacking buffers hosted 44% and 19% fewer stream taxa than primary and disturbed forests, respectively. Stream taxa on plantations with buffers were 24% lower than in primary forest and did not differ significantly from disturbed forest. In contrast, stream community composition differed between forests and plantations regardless of the presence of riparian buffers. These differences were attributed to agrochemical use and altered environmental conditions in the plantations, including temperature changes, worsened water conditions, microhabitat loss, and food and shelter depletion. On aggregate, abundance did not differ significantly among land uses because increases in generalist species offset the population decline of vulnerable forest specialists in the plantation. Our results reveal significant impacts of forest‐to‐oil palm conversion on freshwater biota, particularly taxa richness and composition (but not aggregate abundance). Although preserving riparian buffers in the plantations can mitigate the loss of various aquatic species, it cannot conserve primary forest communities. Therefore, safeguarding primary forests from the oil palm expansion is crucial, and further research is needed to address riparian buffers as a promising mitigation strategy in agricultural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la cadena de producción de aceite de palma se generan grandes cantidades de subproductos con alto contenido lignocelulolítico, representando un importante recurso renovable neutral en carbono para la producción de biomateriales, sin embargo; se requiere un método de pretratamiento para superar las barreras físicas y químicas presentes en el compuesto de lignina-carbohidrato. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar e identificar hongos lignocelulolíticos con capacidad biodegradadora de subproductos de palma de aceite, derivados de la explotación palmera en el departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Los hongos fueron aislados en agar papa dextrosa e identificados según sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas. Se evaluó la actividad lacasa (Oxidación ABTS) y endoglucanasa (CMCasa) durante 13 días por fermentación de estado sólido de 3 subproductos; Torta de palmiste, cuesco y fibra. Los subproductos biodegradados se analizaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Se cuantificaron 12 aislamientos agrupados en 2 géneros, Aspergillus sp y Trichoderma sp. Además, del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, adquirido comercialmente. La actividad endoglucanasa más alta (0,12 UI/mL) en las condiciones estudiadas, no evidenciaron significancia estadística para cada una de los hongos evaluados (P>0,05), a diferencia de la actividad lacasa (203,33 UI/g) (P

Red palm olein (RPOL) is naturally rich in antioxidants, yet changes in its antioxidant capacity during storage were uncertain, which limited the application of RPOL in fat-based food products. Therefore, this study incorporated shortenings composed of 0, 5, and 10% (w/w) RPOL into sandwich cookie creams of SCC-0, SCC-5, and SCC-10, respectively, and determined their antioxidant capacity during storage for six months at 20, 30, and 35 °C. Both SCC-5 and SCC-10 exhibited higher carotene, tocopherol, tocotrienol, and total phenolic content (TPC) than that of SCC-0, yet all SCCs were comparable in their free fatty acid (FFA) and UV-total oxidation values. After six months, the SCCs exhibited low TPC and FFA, yet were high in DPPH scavenging activity. At 20 and 30 °C, both SCC-5 and SCC-10 oxidized more slowly than that of SCC-0. These findings proved the antioxidant capacity of RPOL, which delayed oxidation reactions in the SCCs during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown how the concept of social inclusion is used as a normative discourse projecting a desired situation, predominantly in terms of income, for groups considered excluded and need to rise above poverty, despite their options and motivations. Considering this observation, the objective of this article is to analyze a public policy that sought social inclusion through oil palm production via contracts between a group of family farmers and agribusinesses in Northeastern Pará, beginning in the 2010s. More specifically, we compare the ideas outlined in the policy to the situation as perceived by family farmers. The initiative was derived from the National Biodiesel Production and Use Program (PNPB) and the Sustainable Oil Palm Production Program (PPSOP). The study was carried out in the municipalities of Irituia, Garrafão do Norte and Moju and incorporates information from observations and surveys of secondary and primary data. Interviews with farmers, union leaders, union and company employees, and researchers occurred between 2016 and 2019. The findings show agreement between the purpose of the policy and interviewees' testimonies in terms of employment and income Results further show contrasts between expectations and improvements especially in infrastructure and services and low political organization and power for negotiation by farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes in a comparative way how the availability or not of data on plantations, through updated national records, can affect the increase or decrease in the production of palm oil, a derivative of Elaeis guineensis. For which a correlational analysis is carried out between the variations presented in the production of palm oil in Ecuador, Colombia and Peru, during the last 20 years, to discover if there are connections or not, in order to determine if the neighboring countries are They are affected by bud rot and other oil palm pests in the same way as Ecuador. The Excel programs in their most recent version 2020 and Eviews 6.0 are used in order to make the connection and the regressive connection of the palm oil production of these three countries, finding that despite the geographical proximity in their plantations there is no between the growth rate of the countries. Which leads to the conclusion that it would be convenient to implement modern data analysis system, starting with a national registry for palm producers in Ecuador, since the falls in palm production have always been greater than in Colombia and Peru, which it does have a registration system or national plan for its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to screen the extraction of oil and bioactive compounds including carotenes and tocochromanols from oil palm fruit with subcritical propane and without using a cosolvent. The overall extraction curves of palm oil with subcritical propane were studied and compared to those extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. Carotenes and tocochromanols were evaluated not only in the extracted oil, but also in the oil of residual fiber in order to calculate the efficiency to recover these valuable compounds. The experimental results showed that oil yield of up to 70 % could be obtained within 120 minutes with subcritical propane at 50 bar and a flow rate of 35 kg·h-1·kg-1. It was also shown that compressed propane is an excellent solvent for the extraction of oil enriched in carotenes and tocochromanols. Subcritical propane extraction can be used as an alternative process for the simultaneous recovery of these valuable minor components from palm fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the lubricating greases on the market are products based on mineral oil, which are finally discarded, generating great pollution in the environment; on the other hand, the vegetable oil used in cooking is almost always disposed of through a sink, a landfill or a sewer, without prior treatment, causing environmental problems as a consequence. The objective of this research was to obtain a lubricating bio-fat by reusing vegetable oil used in kitchens in frying processes. To carry out this research, sodium hydroxide was used to obtain the soap and recycled oil to carry out the saponification process and as a base oil to obtain the fat. In this investigation, eight different formulations were made, with variations in the amounts of NaOH and antifoam, finally a formulation was obtained, whose soap was formed by 40 ml of used oil plus 40 ml of sodium hydroxide and its base was 80%. of the same used oil, presented physicalchemical characteristics similar to commercial fats on the market. In conclusion, the obtained lubricating grease is a grade 2 grease, according to the National Institute of Lubricating Greases, it is a soft grease suitable for use in bearings, bearings and valves, which can be subjected to temperatures not exceeding 160 °C, where the presence of water is minimal, it can also be used in structures exposed to the air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El gran progreso y evolución que ha experimentado la industria de palma aceitera es un hecho que ha llevado a este sector a posicionarse como uno de los cultivos más utilizados e importantes a escala mundial. La expansión de estos cultivos ha provocado un cambio significativo en los terrenos cultivados impactando tanto negativa como positivamente en la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas y las comunidades que los habitan. Para evitar deforestaciones, pérdidas de fauna y flora y otros problemas sociales y económicos, han surgido asociaciones que permiten obtener aceite de palma de forma sostenible, sin embargo, su conocimiento por parte de la sociedad es, en general, bastante limitado. En esta línea, el presente trabajo de investigación se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio sobre el nivel de conocimiento que tiene el consumidor sobre el aceite de palma sostenible.

El cultivo agroindustrial de palma de aceite ha sido considerado en diversas partes del mundo y por varios gobiernos nacionales y regionales de Colombia como una apuesta productiva de desarrollo y competitividad. No obstante, su promoción, resultados y efectos deben ser cotejados a la luz de la nueva agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 2030, y con ello encaminar sus principales beneficios en función del desarrollo sostenible. Con fundamento en lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo estimar el nivel de desarrollo sostenible del cultivo agroindustrial de palma de aceite en Norte de Santander. Para ello, en primer lugar, a partir de las cuatro dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible se caracterizan las Unidades de Producción Agrícola (UPA) palmicultoras del departamento; y en segundo lugar, mediante el Índice Multidimensional de Desarrollo Sostenible (IMDS) se estima el nivel de desarrollo sostenible de cada UPA. Los resultados sugieren que la actividad no parece ofrecer condiciones que promuevan un desarrollo con crecimiento económico próspero, que sea socialmente incluyente y ambientalmente sostenible en el marco de la buena gobernanza; es decir, la actividad no promueve integralmente el desarrollo sostenible para los palmicultores de Norte de Santander.

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GEs) from edible oils by using Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF) and natural clays. First, the model oil was treated with adsorbents and titanium (IV) butoxide-terephthalate MOF (Ti-MOF) and kaolin were selected as the best performing MOF along with natural clay, respectively, for the removal of 3-MCPD and GEs. The effects of treatment conditions were also investigated, 6.0% adsorbent level, 120 min treatment time and 95 °C temperature were determined to be the best treatment parameters. Finally, palm oil samples were treated with Ti-MOF and kaolin under the selected conditions and removal of 3-MCPD and GEs was obtained at up to 27% and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, MOFs and natural clays showed good potential for the removal of 3-MCPD and GEs, and the efficiency of the treatment can be improved by modifying the adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la palma de mil pesos (Oenocarpus bataua) es una especie promisoria, tanto por sus frutos ricos en aceite de excelente condición como por su especial adaptación a suelos pobres. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de ácidos grasos y propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de palma de mil pesos. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, el porcentaje de saturación con técnicas del AOAC y el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía líquida de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID). Resultados: el aceite analizado tiene un perfil de ácidos grasos parecido al del aceite de oliva, con la siguiente distribución porcentual de ácidos grasos: palmítico (11,9±1,1), oleico (76,1±1), linoleico (3±0,4), α-linolénico (1,9±0,3), con predominio de grasas monoinsaturadas (77,0±1,0 %), moderado aporte de saturadas (18,1±1,2 %) y bajo de poliinsaturadas (4,9±0,6 %), esto último sería la única limitante para utilizarlo como única fuente de grasa para la preparación de alimentos, por lo demás cumple con la norma colombiana para el aceite de palma alto oleico en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos y sus características físicoquímicas. Conclusiones: el aceite estudiado es potencialmente comercializable para el consumo humano y tiene beneficios para la salud cardiovascular de los consumidores.

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La producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite vegetal derivado de palma africana requiere diferentes procesos los cuales podrían provocar daños ambientales, como las emisiones atmosféricas, la acidificación, la desertificación y el vertido de aguas residuales, que contribuyen al cambio climático. En este trabajo se realiza el análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) para la producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite vegetal, utilizando la metodología de la norma técnica ISO 14044, para lo cual fue necesario realizar un análisis de inventario considerando las materias primas y la energía para cada proceso. El análisis del ciclo de vida "de la cuna a la puerta", busca la evaluación de impactos ambientales mediante el uso del software SimaPro permitiendo identificar las fases con mayor impacto, además se generan recomendaciones para optimizar la cadena de producción y mitigación de las cargas medioambientales relevantes. Según la evaluación del ciclo de vida usando la metodología ISO 14044 para las diferentes categorías de impacto que se evaluaron, se concluye que la actividad con el mayor impacto ambiental es la extracción de aceite de la palma. Hay cargas favorables para el medio ambiente que se producen por la recirculación de insumos como el metanol; asimismo, en la fase de reacción, se generó glicerina, este subproducto se utiliza en la industria farmacéutica.

El cultivo agroindustrial de palma de aceite ha sido considerado en diversas partes del mundo y por varios gobiernos nacionales y regionales de Colombia como una apuesta productiva de desarrollo y competitividad. No obstante, su promoción, resultados y efectos deben ser cotejados a la luz de la nueva agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 2030, y con ello encaminar sus principales beneficios en función del desarrollo sostenible. Con fundamento en lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo estimar el nivel de desarrollo sostenible del cultivo agroindustrial de palma de aceite en Norte de Santander. Para ello, en primer lugar, a partir de las cuatro dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible se caracterizan las Unidades de Producción Agrícola (UPA) palmicultoras del departamento; y en segundo lugar, mediante el Índice Multidimensional de Desarrollo Sostenible (IMDS) se estima el nivel de desarrollo sostenible de cada UPA. Los resultados sugieren que la actividad no parece ofrecer condiciones que promuevan un desarrollo con crecimiento económico próspero, que sea socialmente incluyente y ambientalmente sostenible en el marco de la buena gobernanza; es decir, la actividad no promueve integralmente el desarrollo sostenible para los palmicultores de Norte de Santander.

Copyright of Geopolitica(s): Revista de Estudios Sobre Espacio y Poder is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lubricating greases are vital elements for proper operation and for extending the life of engines. At present, most of the lubricating greases on the market use mineral oil as base oil, which means that the disposal of these greases, after use, pollutes the environment, in addition to increasing prices, due to the increase in the prices of oil and its derivatives in the market generate a higher cost in the acquisition of these. The objective of this work was to obtain a lubricating biogrease for engines, from by-products of African palm oil. For this, was used sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium soaps and, as base oil, as by-products from palm were used: crude oil, Stearin or Olein; In addition, mineral oil was used as a control. Different formulations were obtained using combinations of the oils, both in obtaining soaps and in obtaining bio-greases. As conclusions, it can be stated that a lubricating bio-grease was obtained with a composition of 93% crude palm oil, 6% sodium hydroxide and 1% defoamer, which presented physicochemical characteristics similar to commercial lubricating greases. In addition, according to the classification of the National Institute of Lubricating Greases, it could be classified as grade 2 lubricating bio-grease, that is a soft grease suitable for use in bearings, and valves, which are not subjected to high pressures or loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta investigación se enfocó en el cultivo de palma aceitera en la zona sur de Costa Rica, por el alto impacto que genera en el desarrollo económico de agricultores costarricenses. Se ajustó la curva de crecimiento del rendimiento de la palma aceitera a lo largo del ciclo de vida del cultivo y se comparó la eficiencia de pronóstico de ocho modelos de crecimiento no lineal con base en diferentes criterios estadísticos y pruebas de normalidad. Posteriormente, se aplicó el método de transformación Box-Cox para corregir la ausencia de normalidad en los residuos. Los modelos no lineales aplicados fueron adecuados para pronosticar el rendimiento de palma aceitera; el modelo Morgan-Mercer-Flodin produjo las mejores estadísticas de ajuste. Esta investigación constituye un insumo para las prácticas de renovación de plantaciones, así como para la valoración económica de cultivos que se prendan como garantía bancaria.

Objetivo: describir las políticas que han impulsado el cultivo de palma de aceite en Campeche, la situación actual y las perspectivas futuras. Metodología: se realizó una revisión documental y se aplicó una encuesta productiva a una muestra representativa de palmicultores del estado de Campeche (n=137). Resultados: la expansión de la palma de aceite se ha llevado a cabo bajo un modelo de plantaciones campesinas a pequeña escala con escasa tecnificación, reducida productividad y dependencia de los apoyos gubernamentales. Limitaciones del estudio: la caracterización del cultivo de palma de aceite se enfoca en las prácticas de los pequeños productores, quienes representan 95% de los palmicultores del estado. Valor: se contribuye a la discusión sobre la expansión de la palma de aceite en México, mediante el estudio de caso de Campeche, que no había sido documentado hasta ahora. Conclusiones: los pequeños productores se encuentran en riesgo de desaparecer ante el cambio de las políticas públicas y la llegada de empresas agroindustriales transnacionales con plantaciones a gran escala, cuyos impactos potenciales en lo ambiental y en lo social no han sido evaluados.

Rev.esc.adm.neg El sector palmicultor de aceite es uno de los más dinámicos e importantes de la agroindustria colombiana. No obstante, la evaluación de los aspectos técnicos y productivos pueden mejorar la asignación de recursos productivos y fortalecer la competitividad empresarial y sectorial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia técnica y la eficiencia de escala de las empresas extractoras de aceite de palma durante el periodo 2011- 2016 en Colombia. Se utilizó la metodología Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) y las técnicas bootstrap para una muestra de 45 empresas del sector palmero en Colombia dedicadas a la extracción de aceite de palma. Los resultados revelaron que las empresas extractoras son más eficientes en la escala operacional que en la optimización de los recursos. Las regiones más eficientes fueron, técnicamente, Cesar, Bolívar y Magdalena, en eficiencia de escala Santander, Bolívar y Magdalena. El análisis permite concluir que, si bien la brecha en eficiencia y productividad del sector de palma frente a los productores líderes se ha disminuido, es necesario diseñar estrategias que permitan el aprovechamiento del potencial productivo del cultivo de palma de aceite. La palma de aceite enfrenta un gran reto competitivo en el orden mundial, por cuanto su eficiencia y productividad debe mejorarse constantemente.

Introducción: este artículo analiza la relación entre el proceso productivo del aceite de palma en Colombia y sus efectos en la salud de los trabajadores del sector. Método: entre marzo y septiembre de 2017, se llevaron a cabo un taller piloto con directivos sindicales y ocho grupos focales en los que participaron 165 trabajadores de diversas áreas y empresas del sector y un taller de revisión y retroalimentación con la participación de diez dirigentes sindicales. Igualmente, se efectuaron visitas a algunas empresas para observar los procesos productivos, tanto en las plantaciones como en las plantas extractoras. La Encuesta de Morbilidad Sentida, sobre la información suministrada por los trabajadores (percepciones e interpretaciones acerca de su estado de salud en vínculo con su trabajo), fue la base para identificar los factores de riesgo del sector, el desgaste, la fatiga y las condiciones de salud-enfermedad asociadas a los oficios del cultivo de la palma en campo y al proceso industrial en la planta de extracción del aceite. Conclusión: la morbilidad sentida sugiere que las cargas laborales, los patrones de desgaste asociados a la producción, la exposición a altas temperaturas y agrotóxicos, además de la intensificación productiva derivada de la forma de organización del trabajo afectan significativamente la salud de los trabajadores de la agroindustria de palma. Basados en estos resultados, sugerimos que los trabajadores del sector deberían ser cobijados por un régimen especial de pensión conjugado con políticas de prevención en salud y seguridad en el trabajo y cobertura de protección social.

Sustainable palm oil governance in Indonesia becomes part of the work governance perspective. This type of research is a qualitative one, historical patterned with descriptive analysis. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was performed by using the model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana consisting of four activities, namely combining data, condensing data, displaying data, and gathering conclusions and verification. There are many actors involved in the implementation of indonesian sustainable palm oil. Local people who agree with the law can accept or reject the development of oil palm on the land they claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The use of clays activated by chemical modification for the adsorption and removal of analytes in different matrices has opened a great window in the investigation of their potentialities in different fields from those that have already been studied, due to their excellent capacity of cation exchange and their great physicochemical properties. In this work the application of natural montmorillonite type clays (Mt-Na) activated by specific functionalizing agents is studied. Objective. Activate a Mt-Na type clay and use it in the bleaching process of crude palm oil, and for the removal of the indigo carmine dye used in the textile industry. Materials and methods. The clay was provided by the company Bentominercol S.A.S. (Líbano-Tolima). Crude palm oil was purchased from the Oleodavila palm plant in the Tumaco region (Nariño). The chemical reagents used are of analytical grade. The modified clay was characterized by X-rays, TGA thermal analysis, and FTIR infrared spectroscopy. Results. The bleaching of crude palm oil was achieved, obtaining a CB bleaching capacity of 96%. It was also used in the adsorption of the indigo carmine dye in a prepared water matrix contaminated with said dye, where the removal of up to 97% of said dye in water was achieved. Conclusions. Montmorillonite clays are a material that is easily modified or structurally functionalized, which allows obtaining new materials for technical and industrial application according to the results obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil extraction plants demand large amount of water in their processes, generating wastewater, solid residuals and therefore negative environmental impact. The research objective was to evaluate the effectivity of aluminum polychloride (PAC) on contaminating parameter [Oxygen Chemical Demand (OCD), fats and oils (F and O), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (SSV)] removal from the wastewater effluent of OLEOFLORES´ biological treatment in Codazzi – Cesar. Composed sampling of wastewater and characterization were performed according to IDEAM Initial values for OCD, F and O, turbidity, TSS and VSS of 4111,20 mg.L-1, 737,26 mg.L-1, 939,33 NTU, 870 mg.L-1, 673,33 mg.L-1, respectively, were found. An optimal dose of 3963 mg.L-1 of PAC, removing 75,79%, 86,21% y 98,8%. Compared with Aluminum sulphate were the maximum removal rate for OCD, TSS and F and O were 34,14%, 11,88% y 85,64%, respectively. It is concluded that the PAC is an effective option for wastewater treatment, contributing to improve life quality of life for populations who benefit from water affected by effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) are an agro-industrial residue discarded in the environment when the fresh palm fruits are removed for oil extraction. EFBs are abundant in palm-oil-producing countries and cause environmental problems. Besides their content in lignocellulosic, EFBs also contain amounts of residual lipids from the separation process. Because the palm fruit has two main types of oil from the pulp (palm oil) or the seeds (kernal oil), the residual EFBs lipids may have different compositions. Thus, this work aimed at characterizing the lignocellulosic content and the residual lipids in two EFBs from different palm oil producers. The EFBs were classified as Type 1 and Type 2 according to their source. The results showed that Type 1 EFBs had higher lignocellulosic and fatty acid compositions, similar to palm and kernel oils, while Type 2 EFBs had lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acid composition, similar to palm oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la palma almendrón (Attalea nucifera H. Karst) es una especie nativa de Colombia con potencial de aprovechamiento sostenible en la obtención de ingredientes naturales y productos de alto valor. Objetivo: determinar el potencial bioeconómico del aceite obtenido del fruto de la palma almendrón Attalea n. Métodos: se realizó la recolección de frutos de palma almendrón Attalea n. en estado silvestre de un relicto de bosque húmedo tropical ubicado en la ciudad de Barrancabermeja - Colombia. Se aplicaron las técnicas de extracción mecánica y soxhelt para la extracción de aceite. Se determinó el porcentaje de rendimiento, las características fisicoquímicas y organolépticas, así como el perfil de ácidos grasos de los aceites extraídos mediante cromatografía líquida de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CGFID). Resultados: comparando las técnicas de extracción empleadas se obtuvo que, el rendimiento en la extracción mediante soxhelt fue de 32,6 % a diferencia del 12,2 % por extracción mecánica. Por otra parte, el tiempo de extracción (4 horas y 1,5 horas respectivamente) y uso de solvente (hexano) en la técnica soxhelt, marca una diferencia desde el punto vista sostenible de las técnicas. En relación con las características organolépticas se logró establecer que se presentan cambios en el color y apariencia según la técnica utilizada, conservando el olor ligeramente dulce en ambas. En cuanto a las propiedades fisicoquímicas determinadas se halló que según la técnica de extracción mecánica o soxhelt la densidad a 20 °C gr/cm3 es de 0,92 y 0,89; humedad (%) de 0,91 y 0,42; punto de fusión (°C) de 27 y 25; índice de refracción 25 °C de 1,5 y 1,5; índice de acidez (mg KOH/g) de 0,8 y 0,4; índice de peróxido índice (meq O2/kg) de 7,1 y 6,9; yodo (g/ 100 g) de 12,1 y 20,3; índice de saponificación (mg KOH/g) de 223 y 227, respectivamente. Conclusiones: las características fisicoquímicas y organolépticas del aceite extraído del fruto de la palma almendrón Attalea n. presenta un potencial bioeconómico para el aprovechamiento sostenible en la elaboración de detergentes, jabones, cosmética, grasas de repostería, entre otros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se describen las característics del efluente de las plantas procesadoras de aceite de palma y la situación, a este respecto, del Cantón de Aguirre (Quepos, Costa Rica.) Se expone un método de tratamiento utilizando la digestión anaeróbica y la utilización posterior de la materia orgánica, incluyendo la incidencia de estos desechos sobbre los manglares.

Los ciberdiarios españoles llevan tiempo prestando atención al aceite de palma. El protagonismo de este alimento ha ido ligado a las consecuencias medioambientales derivadas de la plantación intensiva de la palmera aceitera en determinados países tropicales, especialmente los del sudeste asiático. Durante 2017 se asiste a un notable incremento del número de inserciones relativas a este producto. Paralelamente, se produce un cambio en el enfoque que se otorga al mismo. La prensa digital se preocupa más por las dudas que surgen respecto a las características nutricionales de este aceite, mientras que las consideraciones medioambientales pasan a un segundo plano. Al mismo tiempo se produce un aumento de los textos referidos a España, frente a los de ámbito internacional. En esta investigación se han analizado las ediciones online de El País, El Mundo, Abc y La Vanguardia durante 2015, 2016 y el primer semestre de 2017.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the working conditions of rural young people who stand out among rural workers not only in quantitatively terms but in qualitative terms as well. Young people are the focus of capital interests because their physical and social conditions make them prone to be exploited in the current territorial expansion of the agro-hydro-business of flexible crops in Latin America (such as sugar cane, palm oil, and soy). This situation is exacerbated by the commodity export cycle and the production of agrofuels. In order to analyze this reality, we present data on the age composition of rural young workers involved in the production of sugarcane in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) and palm oil in the departments of Meta and Casanare (Colombia). The methodology of this project is based on the review of databases and interviews with workers and employees of companies that produce the mentioned products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that rather than being an automatic consequence of the rising importance of palm oil in Indonesia's economy, the inclusion of palm oil in Indonesia's set of national interest priorities in its international relations was a result of an intentional campaign run by palm oil companies. Taking the subjectivist assumption on national interest as the starting point and drawing on the narrative policy analysis literature, this study investigates the process of inclusion by unpacking the discursive framework that enables such a process to be successful. It finds that palm oil companies employed "objectification" to frame the growth of the palm oil industry as a shared interest of the public and "delegitimization" to frame opposing voices as the manifestations of foreign interests. Such discursive frameworks provided unambiguous and straightforward foreign policy direction, but at the same time prevented a more comprehensive understanding of the complex issue of palm oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se describe el caso del estado mexicano de Campeche, donde la palma de aceite se ha convertido en un cultivo estratégico para impulsar el desarrollo rural. El cultivo de la palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) es una alternativa productiva para superar las condiciones de pobreza y marginación de las regiones tropicales. La palma de aceite se ha convertido en la fuente más importante de aceite vegetal del mundo y la producción de México es insuficiente para satisfacer la demanda del país. Por estas razones coma en Campeche la superficie de palma de aceite se incrementado de manera significativa durante los últimos cinco años. La expansión de la palma de aceite y la sustentabilidad de sus plantaciones es motivo de controversia en el mundo por los impactos ambientales y sociales que ha generado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm oil is obtained from Elaeis guineensis, E. oleifera or the hybrid OxG palm fruits. When crude, it contains high carotenoid concentrations (responsible for the red color), tocopherols and tocotrienols, but most of them are eliminated during its refining. Palm oil main components are palmitic and oleic acids, both near 50%, but their proportion changes depending on the fraction used. Fatty acids absorption and the effect on blood lipid profile depend on the position in the triacylglycerol, especially in the sn-2 position. The location of the monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids varies depending on the type of palm oil or fraction used. We critically review the two main reviews published about palm oil, which analyze 67 publications, and several studies that are more recent. Most of the studies were performed in non-European countries where palm oil is the main culinary oil. The effect on cardiovascular risk factors depends on the fat used as counterpart. Palm oil improves lipid profile after a diet rich in trans and saturated fats, while it impairs lipid profile after a diet rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Relevant methodological errors have been identified, such as not differentiating between palm oil, palm kernel oil and their fractions, comparing single fatty acids with whole oils or fats, or not considering physical activity or other factors that can affect blood lipids. No studies considering palm oil as an ingredient in a Mediterranean diet context, where olive oil is the main culinary oil, were found, so extrapolation of data is currently very difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: las condiciones de fritura afectan la proporción de ácidos grasos de alimentos fritos. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de las condiciones de fritura sobre la composición de ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados, poliinsaturados y trans en alimentos fritos y aceites de fritura. Materiales y métodos: se recolectaron 22 muestras de alimentos y sus aceites de fritura en cuatro restaurantes, cuatro cafeterías y tres puestos callejeros, de afluencia universitaria en Medellín- Colombia. Se determinó la composición de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases, luego de la fritura. La composición del aceite se relacionó con condiciones de fritura. Resultados: siete establecimientos usaban aceite de palma, dos de soya y dos mezcla de aceites vegetales. En papas fritas, el aceite de palma aumentó el contenido de saturados y disminuyó el de poliinsaturados (p

Our analysis of family farming projects developed by Agropalma in the rural area of the municipality of Moju showed that this company appropriated land income, areas, and use of the land by charging rent to peasants, without entering into a labor relationship with them and without owning the land. The work was based on categories, concepts, theories, and methods. Primary data was gathered through field work and interviews. The first section of the text describes the expansion of African palm crops in relation to the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel and to the Program for the Sustainable Production of Palm Oil in Brazil. The second section sets forth the general features of the African palm family farming projects related to companies in Moju; and the last section offers some final considerations and a synthesis of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo estudia la estructura del mercado mundial de aceite de palma, así como la in"uencia de dicha estructura sobre el nivel de precios. Para ello se hace uso del cálculo de índices de concentración de mercado y de estadísticos correlaciónales para establecer relaciones de causalidad. Los principales resultados muestran que a pesar que este mercado está fuertemente concentrado, esto no parece tener efectos sobre los precios. La explicación dada a esta situación es que se da por la alta sustitución entre los aceites de palma, girasol y soya, así como al hecho que las barreras de entrada no son los su#cientemente altas.

The negative effects of trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in food have been widely discussed and this has led to progressive changes in the legislation of many countries. The use of structuring agents or crystallization modifiers, as specific triacylglycerol and minor lipids have been indicated as the only viable alternative for obtaining low saturated fats with properties which are compatible with food application. In this context, phytosterols, natural products with hypocholesterolemic action, and hard fat-crystallization modulators, present a new option for structuring lipid matrices. This work characterized the effects of fully hydrogenated soybean oil and free phytosterols on the physical properties and crystallization behavior of palm oil and canola oil blends for the development of zero trans-fat bases with low levels of saturated fatty acids. The systems were evaluated for chemical composition, atherogenic index, solid fat profiles, microstructure, consistency, thermal behavior and polymorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo estudia la estructura del mercado mundial de aceite de palma, así como la in"uencia de dicha estructura sobre el nivel de precios. Para ello se hace uso del cálculo de índices de concentración de mercado y de estadísticos correlaciónales para establecer relaciones de causalidad. Los principales resultados muestran que a pesar que este mercado está fuertemente concentrado, esto no parece tener efectos sobre los precios. La explicación dada a esta situación es que se da por la alta sustitución entre los aceites de palma, girasol y soya, así como al hecho que las barreras de entrada no son los su#cientemente altas.