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Mexico is a center of diversity for the genus Pinus, with 44% of pine species being endemic to the country. Mexican pine forests are recognized as hotspots for ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria due to the extensive interactions that take place between microorganisms and plants in their roots. These microorganisms play a vital role in the survival of pine species. This study aims to identify fungal and bacterial communities in a relict Mexican pine forest and evaluate the influence of soil physicochemical parameters on microbial composition. Sampling was conducted along a 145 m transect in an isolated natural relict of P. pseudostrobus var. coatepecensis, which is located within a commercial plantation of Pinus patula. A total of 18 soil samples were collected at predetermined distances along the transect, with replicated sampling points as follows: six samples at 20 cm intervals, four samples at 1 m intervals, four samples at 10 m intervals, and four samples at 25 m intervals. The results indicate that fungal composition varies even at short distances and is influenced by the C:N ratio, total carbon (C), total phosphorus (P), and total hydrogen ion concentration (H+). Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) exhibited a higher relative abundance compared to saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi. A total of 69 EcM ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) were identified, being the dominant genera Tomentella, Clavulina, Suillus, Russula, and Elaphomyces. Bacterial communities did not show significant variation in relation to the distance from the sampling points, but soil pH was identified as the main factor of bacterial composition. Dominant bacterial genera included Burkholderia, Bryobacter, Acidobacterium, and Acidothermus. Additionally, it was observed that current soil conditions influenced β diversity. Overall, the results demonstrate that soil fungal and bacterial communities associated with P. pseudostrobus exhibit a unique composition compared to other natural forest systems in the Neotropics.

Background: Scientific inquiry is a widely accepted methodology to promote science process skills. In inquiry activities, students develop their understanding by addressing questions, performing scientific research and interpreting results derived from their research. Developing these science skills to perform scientific inquiries is considered a learning objective in primary science education. Although this methodology yields good results, it can be too cognitively demanding for inexperienced students. Guides are therefore needed to support the development of novel inquirer activities. Purpose: In the present work, a didactic strategy based on video-worked examples is proposed for guiding the inquiry process in an elementary education classroom. Sample: This study included 30 elementary school students in the fifth and sixth grade from one rural school in Catalonia (eastern Spain). Design and method: The present work is a case study in which a quantitative method is applied to achieve the research objectives. Six open-ended questions were used to analyse the performance of the different science process skills. Results: Results confirm that the strategy based on the use of video-worked examples to support an inquiry activity provides students with a structure for the inquiry process, and in particular, improve their questioning, collection, processing and analysing skills. These data reinforce the idea that offering supports and instructions renders an opportunity to practise science process skills and improve the students' understanding and application of these abilities. Moreover, video-worked examples supported transferring scientific skills to other scientific contexts. Conclusions: The use of video-worked examples as a didactic strategy has a positive impact on the students' inquiry behavior. This strategy promoted positive classroom dynamics reflected in improved students' autonomy, collaborative work and motivation when performing an inquiry activity.

Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one‐airway‐one‐disease," coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper‐ and lower‐airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper‐ and lower‐airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the "Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis." This review determined that the "one‐airway‐one‐disease" concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme "allergic" (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll‐Like Receptors and IL‐17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL‐33 and IL‐5 for allergic and non‐allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitization patterns (mono‐ or pauci‐sensitization versus polysensitization), (iii) severity of symptoms, and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New multi-reference, global ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) are reported for the interaction of Xe atoms with OH radicals in their ground X2Π and excited A2Σ+ states, together with the non-adiabatic couplings between them. The 2A′ excited potential features a very deep well at the collinear Xe–OH configuration whose minimum corresponds to the avoided crossing with the 1A′ PES. It is therefore expected that, as with collisions of Kr + OH(A), electronic quenching will play a major role in the dynamics, competing favorably with rotational energy transfer within the 2A′ state. The surfaces and couplings are used in full three-state surface-hopping trajectory calculations, including roto-electronic couplings, to calculate integral cross sections for electronic quenching and collisional removal. Experimental cross sections, measured using Zeeman quantum beat spectroscopy, are also presented here for comparison with these calculations. Unlike similar previous work on the collisions of OH(A) with Kr, the surface-hopping calculations are only able to account qualitatively for the experimentally observed electronic quenching cross sections, with those calculated being around a factor of two smaller than the experimental ones. However, the predicted total depopulation of the initial rovibrational state of OH(A) (quenching plus rotational energy transfer) agrees well with the experimental results. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze how different characteristics of daily space can construct an urban social identity, the author carried out an exploratory study in two Mexico City municipalities, one of them founded 35 years ago and the other 15 years ago. To obtain information on the use of the space, significant sites, and the value placed on social life, the author surveyed 100 people and observed socially relevant places. The presentation and analysis of the results explore different meanings of the information obtained on the formation of an urban social identity. In both places, local physical space was unimportant to the formation of identity traits. Results also showed the relevance of how value is placed, that is, the social meanings attributed to space. It is argued that the most important referent in the formation of an urban social identity is a generic notion of the urban against which the settlement is compared.

Context. Computational techniques are essential for mining large databases produced in modern surveys with value-added products. Aims. This paper presents a machine learning procedure to carry out a galaxy morphological classification and photometric redshift estimates simultaneously. Currently, only a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting has been used to obtain these results all at once. Methods. We used the ancillary data gathered in the OTELO catalog and designed a nonsequential neural network that accepts optical and near-infrared photometry as input. The network transfers the results of the morphological classification task to the redshift fitting process to ensure consistency between both procedures. Results. The results successfully recover the morphological classification and the redshifts of the test sample, reducing catastrophic redshift outliers produced by an SED fitting and avoiding possible discrepancies between independent classification and redshift estimates. Our technique may be adapted to include galaxy images to improve the classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]