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The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using medicinal plants in combination with salt-containing raw materials from the Aral Sea region for cosmetic purposes. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of salts occurring in this region were studied for pharmacological and cosmetic purposes. The salt-containing raw materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microflora of saline-containing raw materials and flora of the Zhaksy-Klych lake were studied. Fifty-six plant species were identified, of which 25% belong to the Asteraceae family, 32% were Poaceae, 22% were Amaranthaceae, and 21% were Tamaricaceae. Using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the composition of volatile compounds in such plant species as Artemisia alba L., Achilleamillifolium L., Eleagus commutate Bernh. Ex Rydb., Psoraleadrupacea Bunge, Artemisia cipa O. Vegd., Thymus vulgaris L., Morus alba L., Salvia pratensis L., Glycyrhizaglabra L., Tanacetum vulgare L., Polygonumaviculare L., Alhagipseudoalhagi Gagnebin and Peganumharmala L., chosen on the basis of their herbal components for future cosmetic products, was determined. In total, 187 different volatile compounds were found in the endemic plant species Glycyrrhizaglabra L., of which the following were dominant: 1,7-octadiene-3-, 2,6-dimethyl- with a peak area of 4.71%; caryophyllenes; bicyclo[7.2.0]4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-, [1R-(1R*,4E,9S*)]—3.70%; bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-2-1,7,7-trimethyl-,(1S)—3.46%; cyclohexanone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyledene)-; 2-isopropyledene-5—2.97%; menthol; cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-; p-menthane-3-ol; menthol alcohol; and 2-isopropyl-5—2.08%. The remaining compounds were detected in amounts of less than 2.0%. Tests of seven cosmetic compositions developed on the basis of plant extracts and salt-containing raw materials revealed that three samples had a moisturizing effect. Launching the production of cosmetic products in the Aral region will not only reduce social tensions but also significantly improve the environmental situation in the region.

Environmental pollution by industrial waste, including brown coal mining, is one of the environmental problems of many countries. To improve the ecological situation in the region, it is necessary to recultivate soils contaminated with brown coal waste. The goal of the study was to study the possibility of biorecultivation of soils polluted with brown coal waste from the Lenger deposit located in the south of Kazakhstan. It was found that the inorganic part of the brown coal waste is represented by minerals: Quartz SiO2, Gypsum CaSO4×2H2O, Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4, Cronstedtite Fe3((Si0.74 Fe0.26)2O5)(OH)4, Margarite CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2, Muscovite H2KAl3(SiO4)3, Calcite CaCO3, Laumontite CaAl2Si4O12(H2O)2, Lead Aluminium Sulfate Hydroxide Pb0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6, with quartz content in samples in the range of 61.5-92.9%. The organic part of the waste is 90.0% made up of humic acids and fulvic acids. It has been established that heterotrophic, cellulolytic microflora and micromycetes are represented by the genera Rhodococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium; Trichoderma, Dietzia, promising for biorecultivation purposes. The phytocenosis of coal waste dumps is composed of toxicotolerant ruderal plant species of the local flora: Centaurea scabiosa L., Centaurea iberica Trev., Cichorium intybus Linn., Cousinia cyrdariensis Kult., Achilleamille folium L., Thlaspiar vense L., Arctiumto mentosum Mill., Onopórduma cánthium L., Agropyron cristatum L., Phlum pratense L., Erytrigia repens L., Nevski/Agropyron repens L., Cynodon dactylon L., Capparis spinosa L., Polygonum aviculare L., Dodartia orientalis L., Althaea officinales L., Alhagipseud alhagi (Bieb.)Desv., Peganum harmala L. For biorecultivation of soils contaminated with brown coal waste, an algorithm of work has been developed, including the use of soil blocks with integrated seeds of toxicotolerant plants inoculated with microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater pollution with detergents is one of the environmental problems associated with the rational use of water resources. The existing methods of physicochemical wastewater treatment, despite their efficiency, are open to secondary environmental pollution. Biological coagulation/flocculation methods are widely used with the plant waste. The aim of this research was the use of ferric iron obtained by means of the bacterial-chemical method and bentonite to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater containing detergents. It was identified that the use of Fe2(SO4)3 obtained using the bacterial-chemical method with thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BIT 1 and bentonite as a clay material is promising. At the same time, it was found that the highest reduction degree in the chemical oxygen demand - 88.1 ± 7.9% in wastewater was noted in the variation where the bacterialchemical ferric iron in the amount of 1.75 g/L was used in combination with bentonite in the amount of 600 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]