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The inner-valence region of alkali bromide XBr (X=Li, Na, K, Rb) vapours has been studied experimentally by means of synchrotron radiation excited photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental spectra were analyzed by comparing them with available theoretical results and previous experiments. Ionic character of alkali bromides is seen to change in the inner-valence region with increasing atomic number of the alkali atom. A mechanism involving mixing between Br 4s and Rb 4p orbitals has been suggested to account for the fine structure observed in inner-valence ionization region of RbBr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have performed relativistic calculations of single and double core 1s hole states of the noble gas atoms in order to explore the relativistic corrections and their additivity to the ionization potentials. Our study unravels the interplay of progression of relaxation, dominating in the single and double ionization potentials of the light elements, versus relativistic one-electron effects and quantum electrodynamic effects, which dominate toward the heavy end. The degree of direct relative additivity of the relativistic corrections for the single electron ionization potentials to the double electron ionization potentials is found to gradually improve toward the heavy elements. The Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian is found to predict a scaling ratio of ∼4 for the relaxation induced relativistic energies between double and single ionization. Z-scaling of the computed quantities were obtained by fitting to power law. The effects of nuclear size and form were also investigated and found to be small. The results indicate that accurate predictions of double core hole ionization potentials can now be made for elements across the full periodic table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissociation of acrylonitrile into pairs of cations and neutral fragments following molecular core ionization was investigated using the photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) technique. The fragment ion mass spectra were recorded in coincidence with the carbon 1s photoelectrons. Deuterated and 13C-substituted samples were used for resolving fragment mass ambiguities. Slope analysis of the PEPIPICO patterns was used in determining the fragment separation sequences in case of multiparticle processes. The results show that there are several fragmentation channels producing a wide range of charged coincident fragments. The dynamics of the dominant fragmentation processes is investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution Auger electron spectra from the decay of the Cl 2p→σ* excitation in HCl and DCl have been measured. The spectra are analyzed, separating molecular and atomic features, which are assigned to transitions to the HCl (5σ2π)4σ* and Cl (3s3p)6 states, respectively. Auger line shapes, as affected by the molecular dissociation, are studied by comparing the experiment with the results of Monte-Carlo computer simulations based on a semiclassical model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and angle integrated photoelectron spectroscopy, the Si 2p, Si LVV Auger, and F 2s cross sections have been obtained for SiF4 molecules in the gas phase between 116 and 150 eV photon energies. These cross sections and the Si 2p β value have also been calculated using the MS-Xα method. There is qualitative agreement between theory and experiment. Together with recent experimental and theoretical Si 2p cross sections from SiCl4 and valence band cross sections on SiF4, the two major resonances at 5 and 22 eV kinetic energies are assigned as t2 resonances. The valence band branching ratios are not affected by interchannel coupling above the Si 2p threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy shifts in 3d photoelectron and M4N4,5 N4,5 Auger spectra of Xe have been studied for HXeF2, XeF4, and XeF6 molecules in the gas phase. Using the Auger parameter method, the contributions of the initial state chemical and final state extra-atomic relaxation effects to the observed shifts have been estimated. The relaxation part has found to be significant both in the binding energy (up to 1.8 eV for XeF6) and especially in the Auger shifts. The ground state shifts are thus larger than the 3d binding energy shifts reported earlier. Calculated atomic charges are also now in better agreeement with theory and other experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fully vibrationally resolved participator Auger spectra originating from the decay of the C 1s(2σ)-12π1 resonance in CO are presented. The C 1s(2σ)-12π1 v’=0 resonance has been excited with a 75 meV monochromator bandpass, i.e., in Auger resonant Raman conditions, and the participator Auger spectrum observed. The C 1s(2σ)-12π1 v’=1 resonance is also excited and the corresponding participator Auger spectrum observed with a monochromator bandpass slightly larger than the inherent width. The results are compared to theoretical simulations using coherent lifetime-vibrational interference theory which accounts for the details of the spectrum. We have observed an interference shift on the transitions to different vibrational sublevels in the final state. A high resolution C 1s photoelectron spectrum of CO is also presented. The lifetime width of the C 1s core–hole state is determined to be 97(10) meV, whereas the C 1s(2σ)-12π1 resonance is measured to have a width of 86(10) meV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KLL Auger-energy shifts between free atoms and their solid surfaces were determined from spectra measured simultaneously in identical experimental conditions. Essentially, the shift values obtained for Na, Mg, Al and Si were more accurate than those achieved by combining the results from separate vapour and solid measurements. Using atomic Auger energies and determined shifts, reliable absolute solid state Auger energies with respect to the vacuum level were also obtained. Experimental shift values were also compared with calculations obtained with the excited atom model. 2s and 2p binding energy shifts were estimated from recent high resolution and due to open shell strongly split vapour phase spectra and corresponding published solid state results. Also, the question of the extent to which the 2s and 2p shifts deviate has been discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The double differential cross-sections of outer s-shells photoelectrons have been measured for noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and the H2 molecule by linearly polarized photons. A nonzero left-right asymmetry has been observed relative to the mirroring plane that is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the photon beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The xenon 4p photoelectron spectrum and the subsequent 4p-1→(5s,5p)-2 Auger and 4p-1→4d-1(5s,5p)-1 Coster–Kronig spectra have been studied with the aid of a high-resolution experiment and multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock calculations. Strong electron correlation is known to affect drastically the Xe 4p photoelectron spectrum: the 4p1/2 component disappears completely, and the intensity of the 4p3/2 line is redistributed into several close-lying peaks. We have calculated the lifetime widths of the photoelectron peaks, simulated the observed photoelectron and Auger spectra and compared theoretical results with experiment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study the linewidths in cascade Auger spectra in synchrotron radiation experiments and discuss their dependence on the lifetimes of the discrete states and the experimental conditions. In particular we consider the possibility of manipulating the linewidths of the first step decay by tuning the bandwidth of the incoming photons. This may be used as an identification method in cases where the spectra from different decays are energetically overlapping. As an example we take the cascade process in Xe following the 4d[sub 5/2] → 6p resonant excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution normal Auger-electron spectra of carbonyl sulfide subsequent to S 2p-1 photoionization at photon energies of 200, 220, and 240 eV are reported along with corresponding photoelectron spectra. In addition, theoretical results are presented that take the core-hole orientation of the various spin-orbit-split and molecular-field-split S 2p-1 states into account. Auger transitions to eight metastable dicationic final states are observed and assigned on the basis of the theoretical results. From Franck-Condon analysis, assuming Morse potentials along the normal coordinates for seven of the observed quasi-stable dicationic final states, information on the potential-energy surfaces is derived and compared with theoretical results from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical emission spectroscopy has been for long proposed for monitoring and studying industrial steel making processes. Whereas the radiative decay of thermal excitations is always taking place in high temperatures needed in steel production, one of the most promising environment for such studies are electric arc furnaces, creating plasma in excited electronic states that relax with intense characteristic emission in the optical regime. Unfortunately, large industrial scale electric arc furnaces also present a challenging environment for optical emission studies and application of the method is not straightforward. To study the usability of optical emission spectroscopy in real electric arc furnaces, we have developed a laboratory scale DC electric arc furnace presented in this paper. With the setup, optical emission spectra of Fe, Cr, Cr2O3, Ni, SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and MgO were recorded in the wavelength range 250-600 nm and the results were analyzed with the help of reference data. The work demonstrates that using characteristic optical emission, obtaining in situ chemical information from oscillating plasma of electric arc furnaces is indeed possible. In spite of complications, the method could possibly be applied to industrial scale steel making process in order to improve its efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]