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Fingerprint powder remains one of the most effective techniques for identifying individuals from their latent fingerprints. Visualizing latent fingerprints requires powder with high color contrast and strong adhesive to be easily applied on various substrates. The utilization of silica gel extracted from local materials of Lapindo volcanic mud can be applied for fluorescent fingerprint powder based on methyl orange. The powder was synthesized by the sol-gel method, followed by the impregnation of methyl orange as a dye with varying loads. The powders exhibit an amorphous structure and nanoparticle size with an average particle diameter of 80.93 nm by spherical morphology interconnected to form agglomerations. The powder contains silanol, siloxane, azo, and carboxylate functional groups derived from its precursors. The dusting method proves the performance of fluorescent fingerprint powder on porous and non-porous substrates hereafter observed under white light and UV light. The powder containing 0.05 gs of methyl orange per gram of silica gel is the most effective in revealing fingerprint patterns on non-porous surfaces. It has mesoporous properties with a specific surface area of 7.95 m2g−1 and a pore diameter of 23.14 nm. SiMO retained its full capability after two years of storage, indicating it is a great choice for forensic investigations.

Community empowerment and household waste processing are two issues that need to be resolved by the government. An independent and educated society is an important pillar to support the development of country. Meanwhile, waste that continues to accumulate without processing has a negative impact on health and the environment. Public education about household waste processing can be a solution to the two problems above. Education was carried out at Junior High School YBPK Surabaya and residents of Dukuh Kupang Surabaya, and other participants who joined in a hibrid meeting with a total of 116 participants. Activities at YBPK Surabaya took place on 25 March and 5 August 2023 and activities at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya took place on 27 May and 26 August 2023. The types of waste processed are organic waste and used cooking oil, which are then converted into eco-enzymes and used cooking oil Activities are divided into 2 stages. there are community education activities and program sustainability monitoring activities. The community education activities includes presentation and workshop were hold in March 2023 at YBPK Surabaya Middle School and May 2023 at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya. The evaluation of sustainability program including individual practice and monitoring of activities was carried out in August 2023 at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya. Methods for implementing activities include presentation, practice accompanied by a mentor, individual practice, and monitoring program sustainability. Based on the analysis of participants' ability, the participant scores before and after the activity was increase. It means that this training succeeded in increasing participants' knowledge and skills in processing waste, especially organic waste and used cooking oil waste. A total of 72 out of 116 participants (62%) had processed household waste either individually or in groups. Activity evaluation data shows that these activities are necessary and on target to create an independent and creative society.

The improvement in the design of mordenite-based catalysts focuses on the present study to fulfill the massive demand for bio-aviation fuel (BAF) as renewable energy. Modification of the mordenite through ionic impregnation of Fe, Cu, and Cr, has supported the mordenite to perform with better efficiency and activity in catalyzing the cracking process of stearic acid. The adjustment on catalytic activity was carried out by simply reacting the catalyst with stearic acid at 190 °C and investigating cracking products with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results of the GC-MS test of the cracking product showed the formation of alkane-alkene and aromatic compounds. BAF was selectively obtained (30.27%) when the reaction was catalyzed by FeCuCr/mordenite catalyst. The BAF derived from FeCuCr/mordenite contained hydrocarbons that include xylene, mesitylene, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane. However, reduced selectivity was realized (19.85%) when the reaction was catalyzed by nano FeCuCr/mordenite. Its hydrocarbon constituents include benzene, tetradecane, and pentadecane compounds.

Imprinted zeolite modified carbon paste (carbon paste-IZ) electrode had been developed as a sensor to analyze blood glucose content by potentiometry. The used zeolite was Lynde Type A (LTA) that synthesized with a mole ratio of Na2O, Al2O3, SiO2 and H2O of 4:1:1.8:270, respectively while non-imprinted zeolite was prepared with a mole ratio of glucose/Si of 0.0306. Glucose was then extracted from the zeolite framework using hot water (80 °C) to produce imprinted zeolite (IZ). The carbon paste-IZ electrode prepared from activated carbon, paraffin pastilles, and IZ with a mass ratio of 5:4:1 showed the best performance. The modified electrode demonstrated the measurement range of 10–4-10–2 M, the Nernst factor of 29.55 mV/decade, the response time less than 120 s, and the detection limit of 5.62 × 10–5 M. Ascorbic acid, uric acid, urea and creatinine did not interfere on the glucose analysis by potentiometry. Comparison test with spectrophotometry showed an accuracy of (90.7 ± 1.4)% (n = 5), while the application of the electrode to analyze five spiked serum samples showed recovery of (92.2 ± 1.3)% (n = 5). The electrode was stable for up to 9 weeks (168 times usage). Based on its performance, the developed electrode can be applied to analyze glucose in human serum sample and recommended for used in the medical field.

The development of sensors based on imprinted zeolite X to detect blood glucose through potentiometry was performed. In this study, the sensor was made of a mixture of carbon paste and imprinted zeolite X. Zeolite X was synthesized using a sol–gel-hydrothermal method at a temperature of 100 °C with basic materials of NaAlO2, NaOH, TEOS, and distilled water. The characterization results of XRD showed the presence of specific peaks, which were confirmed with standard zeolite X. Imprinted zeolite X exhibited a 20 times greater adsorption capacity size, and an adsorption efficiency 3 times greater than that of zeolite X. This is thought to be due to the presence of a molecular template within it. The IZ–carbon paste electrode showed optimum performance due to a mass ratio of carbon, paraffin, and imprinted zeolite X of 12:7:1. The electrode performance was expressed by the Nernst factor value of 30 mV/decade, the measuring range of 10−4–10−2 M, the upper detection limit of 1.38 × 10−2 M, and the lower detection limit of 1.28 × 10−4 M, so this electrode can be used for glucose analysis with a normal concentration (70–110 mg/dL or equivalent to 3.8 × 10−3–6.1 × 10−3 M), as well as the glucose concentration of people with diabetes mellitus (>200 mg/dL or about 10−2 M). This electrode showed precision values of 97.14–99.02%, accuracy values of 98.65–99.39%, and electrode response times of 10–13 s. The electrodes showed high stability for more than 5 weeks with 141 uses. The electrodes also showed high selectivity for glucose in the matrix of uric acid, urea, NaCl, and KCl. Therefore, its use as an alternative electrode for routine glucose analysis in the medical field is recommended.

The clean technologies of self-cleaning surfaces are expanding rapidly. Highly hydrophobic coatings with strong adhesion, high durability, and dirt-free surfaces have been prepared via sol-gel deposition of SiO2-TiO2-alkylsilane. The influence of the effects of the alkyl chain length of silane on surface roughness was investigated. This deposition involved a one-layer technique to produce the rough surfaces. The bimetal oxide of SiO2-TiO2 created a high level of surface roughness. As a result, the water contact angle of the coatings increased with the increasing alkyl chain length of silane (up to C=8). However, the water contact angle decreased when the C=16 of alkylsilane was applied. It was predicted that the longer alkyl chain would cause the molecules to collapse. The higher hydrophobicity was produced by SiO2-TiO2-OTMS coatings with a water contact angle of about 140.67 ± 1.23°. The effect of the dip-coating technique (one layer and layer-by-layer) on hydrophobicity was also discussed. The results showed that coatings produced by the one-layer technique had a higher contact angle than coatings made by the layer-by-layer technique. The coatings were stable under outdoor exposure and able to hinder dirt attachment to their surfaces.

A hydrophobic coating for glass substrates was developed using SiO2, TiO2, and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to achieve low surface energy and a rough surface. The coating process was conducted using a sol–gel method and layer by layer deposition. The effect of SiO2, TiO2, and MTMS on the hydrophobicity and transparency of the coating were evaluated using contact angle and optical transmittance measurements, respectively. The transparency was found to decrease with higher moles of SiO2, TiO2, and MTMS; the water contact angle initially increased with increasing addition of these reagents, but then declined above the optimum conditions. The optimum conditions were determined to be at approximately 0.075, 0.030, and 0.002 mol of SiO2, TiO2, and MTMS, respectively. The resulting water contact angle was 115.56 ± 1.01°. SiO2 and TiO2 provided a synergistic effect to improve the roughness surface, as shown in the AFM data. The glass coated using SiO2–TiO2–MTMS exhibited higher hardness values than bare glass.

In this study water repellent layered glass has been prepared by coating silica (SiO2) combined with a hydrophobic silane compound. SiO2 was extracted from rice hull ash and two silane compounds, namely hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) were used. Coating was performed through two deposition techniques, i.e. one step (mono-layer) and layer by layer (LBL, multi-layer). The effect of silane to SiO2 mole ratio, silane type and layer number on the glass characters was evaluated. Characterization included hydrophobicity, transparency, surface roughness and stability of coating. Results showed that increasing the mole ratio of silane to SiO2 and the layer number increased the hydrophobicity of the glass surface. The optimum mole ratio was 5:1 and the significant increase of contact angle occurred at lower mole ratio, but the stability tends to be increased at higher mole ratio. For HDTMS-SiO2 layer, the technique of LBL technique produced a coating with higher hydrophobicity and transparency than single-stage one. The LBL technique produced the highest water contact angle of 103.7° with transmittance of 96%, while for TMCS-SiO2 layer the one stage technique produced hydrophobic layer with higher water contact angle of 108.0° and transparency about 94.52%. The prepared hydrophobic glasses were relatively stable in polar and non-polar solvents, but unstable to ambient conditions.

Abstrak Sintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: Abstrak Sintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: ZSM-5, metakaolin, terdealuminasi, tanpa templat, pengaturan suhu dan waktu Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis from such resistant organisms as vancomycin-resistant enterococci increasingly is occurring and is challenging to treat. We describe 2 cases of vancomycin-resistant entercoccus peritonitis successfully treated with intraperitoneal daptomycin. Both patients were on automated peritoneal dialysis therapy with culture-positive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium peritonitis and were treated with 10 to 14 days of intraperitoneal daptomycin given every 4 hours through manual peritoneal dialysate exchanges. Despite the known degradation in dextrose solutions, intraperitoneal daptomycin was effective in clearing both infections. Neither patient experienced a relapse or repeated peritonitis. Additional studies of dosing and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal daptomycin in the treatment of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus peritonitis are needed. Copyright © 2009 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct synthesis of ZSM-5 from Indonesian kaolin without calcination for the formation of metakaolin was done through the addition of an alkaline solution (sodium fluoride and sodium hydroxide) and the fusion using sodium hydroxide. Crystallization was conducted through hydrothermal method at 80 °C for four days. XRD diffractogram and FTIR spectra showed that the addition of sodium fluoride solution in the ratio Si/Al = 100 could produce highly crystalline ZSM-5, whereas the use of a sodium hydroxide solution and fusion process did not produce the crystalline ZSM-5.

Abstrak Telah dilakukan hidrolisis minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas oil: JO) menggunakan katalis CaO. Reaksi ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis minyak jarak pagar selain biodiesel. Katalis CaO dikalsinasi terlebih dahulu pada suhu 800ᵒC untuk menghindari terjadinya deaktivasi katalis oleh terbentuknya CaCO3. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi katalis CaO meliputi struktur kristal CaO, luas permukaan, jumlah situs basa dan kekuatan kebasaan serta aktivitas katalitiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, katalis CaO memiliki luas permukaan 26,451 m2/g, kekuatan situs basa (pKB) pada daerah 7,2 < pKBH CaO < 15,0. Hasil uji aktivitas katalis CaO pada reaksi hidrolisis CJO diperoleh konversi CJO menjadi asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid: FFA) sebesar 77,58% pada waktu 60 menit. Kata kunci: hidrolisis, minyak jarak pagar (JO), free fatty acid (FFA), CaO dan situs basa Abstract Hydrolysis of Jatropha curcas oil has been carried out using CaO as a catalyst. This reaction is intended to increase the economic value besides biodiesel. CaO catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 800 oC to avoid catalyst deactivation by formation of CaCO3. In this research include the characterization of catalysts CaO crystal structure, surface area, the number of base sites and the strength of basicity and catalytic activity. The results of the analysis showed that CaO catalyst has a surface area of 26.451 m2/g, the number of base sites of 221.77 mmol/g and the strength of base sites (pKBH) in the range of 7.2 < pKBH CaO < 15.0. From catalytic activity test showed that that the use of the catalytic activity of CaO catalyst in the hydrolysis reaction CJO into free fatty acids (FFA) as much as 77.58% for 60 minutes. Keywords: hydrolysis, Jatropha curcas oil (JO), free fatty acid (FFA), CaO and base site

Development of the uric acid sensor through coating of glassy carbon (GC) electrode with imprinting zeolite (IZ) was carried out. Zeolite was synthesized by mixing TEOS, TBOT, TPAOH, and water followed by hydrothermal process. Zeolite was molded together with uric acid to produce IZ. The deposition potential of IZ and uric acid to the GC surface was -0.6 V during 150 sec with addition of KNO3 0.02 M as supporting electrolyte. The method gives linearity of 0.9834 (concentration 5.6x10-9M - 2.8x10-8 M), precision 1.89 - 7.65%, sensitivity 0.33 µA/nM/cm2, limit of detection 5.9x10-9 M, and accuracy 96.26 ± 0.55% (n = 5). The developed sensor showed a high selectivity toward uric acid. The presence of ascorbic acid, creatine, and creatinine with an equal concentration with uric acid did not interfere on the uric acid analysis.

Ahmed Fathi Elkeraie,1 Saeed Al-Ghamdi,2 Ali K Abu-Alfa,3 Torki Alotaibi,4 Ali Jasim AlSaedi,5 Abdulkareem AlSuwaida,6 Mustafa Arici,7 Tevfik Ecder,8 Mohammad Ghnaimat,9 Mohamed Hany Hafez,10 Mohamed H Hassan,11 Tarik Sqalli12 1Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 2Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; 4Transplant Nephrology, Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Sabah Health Region, Kuwait City, Kuwait; 5Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Nephrology and Transplantation Center, Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq; 6Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Alt&inodot;nda&gbreve;, Ankara, Turkey; 8Department of Medicine, Istinye University; Division of Nephrology, Topkap&inodot;, Istanbul, Turkey; 9Department of Nephrology, Specialty Hospital, Jaber Ibn Hayyan St. Shmeisani, Amman, Jordan; 10Department of Nephrology and Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 11Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 12Department of Nephrology, Moroccan Society of Nephrology, Casablanca, MoroccoCorrespondence: Ahmed Fathi Elkeraie, Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Email drahmed@hotmail.comAbstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region and a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Early initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter - 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and proper sequencing with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) in these patients may result in better clinical outcomes due to their cardioprotective properties and complementary mechanisms of action. In this review, we present guideline-based consensus recommendations by experts from the MEA region, as practical algorithms for screening, early detection, nephrology referral, and treatment pathways for CKD management in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study will help physicians take timely and appropriate actions to provide better care to patients with CKD or those at high risk of CKD.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, nephrology referral, screening, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors