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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered the primary foodborne pathogen because of its diverse virulence factors, including staphylococcal enterotoxins that can lead to food poisoning in humans that are eating contaminated and undercooked food, such as raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Iraqi traditional meat products like basturma are made to preserve meat. Forty-five samples of locally made basturma were gathered from various local shops located throughout the city of Mosul. The study's original April 2023 deadline was extended to June 2023. This project depended on the classical methods and PCR method for detecting the spa, nuc, and mecA genes in S. aureus. The results of our investigation demonstrated that S. aureus could be identified in local basturma samples using conventional microbiological techniques and PCR methods at a rate of 3 out of 45 (6.7%). The mecA gene (100%), with a molecular weight of 147 bp, was discovered to be present in all S. aureus isolates that referred to all isolates as MRSA. The spa type of all S. aureus isolated was t213. Three novel S. aureus sequences are registered in the NCBI Genbank and have the accession numbers PP388962.1, PP388963.1, and PP388964.1. Extremely comparable S. aureus isolates from this investigation. Additionally, the S. aureus sample revealed a tight association with another S. aureus isolates from throughout the globe.

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can harm public health as they can cause widespread food poisoning and resistance to multiple antibiotics. Hence, our objective was to examine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA among fish shops, utensils, and workers' hands in Mosul City. We were able to find the nuc and mecA genes in S. aureus and MRSA isolates, respectively, via the PCR approach. In March and April of 2023, one hundred samples randomly selected from fish and various other store surfaces in Mosul were taken for this inquiry. S. aureus isolates the nuc gene, which can be identified in 19% of the samples. The worker hand samples had eight of the top isolates, in contrast to the fish's three isolates out of twenty. Additionally, because the mecA gene existed in 12 of the 19 S. aureus isolates (63.2%), methicillin resistance was shown. The hand samples of the workers had a higher percentage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates 75% (6/8) than other samples. According to the study, a significant amount of S. aureus was showing in fish and associated utensils, revealing that the fishing industry was not suitably subsequent food safety laws. Based on this study, a significant amount of S. aureus was discovered in fish and associated utensils, revealing that the fishing industry was not appropriately following food safety laws.

Subclinical mastitis in cattle is a pathological condition that causes a financial burden on the dairy industry. In addition, it puts the public sector at risk when pathogens of animal origin are present in unpasteurized milk and dairy products that may enter the human food chain and cause serious illnesses. Our study aimed to determine the percentage of pathogenic Escherichia coli causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Mosul city by confirming the existence of Stx1 and Stx2 genes. Eighty milk samples were obtained from cows suffering from subclinical mastitis using sterile procedures from November 2018 to October 2019. Escherichia coli was isolated, characterized, and confirmed using culture and PCR. According to our research, the pathogenic Escherichia coli in milk samples was 36.3% (29/80). Moreover, molecular screening for a specific Escherichia coli gene revealed that all isolates 100% carried the uidA gene. PCR revealed that 27/29 (93.1%) isolates had both Stx1 + Stx2 genes, and all the isolates 100% possessed the Stx2 gene. No significant relationship was found between the percentage of pathogenic E. coli and the seasons. Even though there were more isolates in the winter than in the summer, this increase was not statistically significant. This study's findings may help pay attention to one of the leading causes of subclinical mastitis, which benefits the private sector in controlling the disease.