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Hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. The SPSS software package (version 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data. Quantitative and qualitative variables were presented using mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage). The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data in this study. The data did not have a normal distribution. Hence, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the relationship between variables. Surgical wound infection occurred in 4.7% (24 cases) of patients with a mean age of 59.34 (SD = 14.61) years. Preoperative (>3 days) and postoperative (>7 days) hospitalisation, history of immunodeficiency (P < 0.001), and interns responsible for changing dressings (P = 0.021) were associated with surgical wound infection incidence. About 9.5% and 4.4% of surgical wound infection cases were significantly associated with pre‐ and postoperative antibiotic use. Gram‐positive cocci were the most prevalent strains isolated from 24 surgical wound infection cases (15/24, 62.5%). Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, followed by coagulase‐negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram‐negative isolates identified were Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection‐associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: The most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is subpleural bleb apical rupture. Little is known about the relationship between PSP and exercise and return to exercise the time. In this study, we tend to investigate the relationship between training and PSP and time of return to exercise and previous activities. METHOD: This study was designed as a case series and the sample size included all patients diagnosed with PSP in Razi and Poursina and Aria hospitals of Rasht during 2015-2017 based on inclusion criteria. Variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, Mann Whitney U and t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The most common treatment type in patients was transaxillary thoracotomy with pleurodesis with iodine (TTP) in 58.2% and tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis in 41.7%, which was not statistically significant between athletes and non-athletes (p=0.806). Athletes who underwent TTP after four weeks and those treated with tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis after 8-12 weeks were advised to return to their previous activity. Of athletes, 9.5% had a recurrence; of non-athletes, 9.8% had a recurrence. Of athletes, 4.8% did not tolerate returning to their last activity; of non-athletes, 7.3% did not tolerate returning to their previous activity regardless of treatment, and this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Our study showed no significant difference between clinical manifestations and image findings and the frequency of treatment and complications in both athlete and non-athlete patients. There is no increase in recurrence and intolerance at the time recommended for return to previous activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair leads to a remarkable decrease in the rupture of aneurysm and an increase in the life expectancy among patients. Aim: To study the mortality rate and complications of the open elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out on all patients who had undergone open elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Rasht Hospitals, Iran, from March 2007 to March 2011. The background variables, i.e., preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative results, as well as relevant variables including mortality and complications were recorded on a checklist. The data collected were analysed using SPSS 21.0 through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: From the total of 61 patients, 11 (18%) were female and 50 (82%) of them were male. Nine patients (14.8%) died within 30 days from the surgery, and five patients (8.2%) suffered complications: Acute renal failure (three individuals) and sepsis (two individuals). In the univariate analysis, the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level of over 25 mg/dL (p=0.028) and the serum creatinine level of over 1.2 mg/dL (p=0.047) had a significant correlation with postoperative mortality. Additionally, the intensive care unit stay (p=0.019) and the duration of the mechanical ventilation (p=0.021) were significantly correlated with the postoperative complication occurrence. Conclusion: The BUN level of over 25 mg/dL and the serum creatinine level exceeding 1.2 mg/dL were the predictors of mortality, and the intensive care unit stay and the duration of the mechanical ventilation were the predictors of the postoperative complication occurrence after the open elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]