Search

Objective: To study the effect of pentoxifylline versus placebo on venous leg ulcers with and without compression therapy. Methods and Methodology: Prospective study of factorial design, permitting the simultaneous evaluation of alternative pharmaceutical, bandaging, and dressings materials. The study took place at the Department of General Surgery, I.G.I.M.S., Patna. A total of 40 patients with confirmed venous ulcers were included, after excluding other major causal factors. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either pentoxifylline or placebo. The main outcome measure was the complete healing (full epithelialization) of all ulcers on the study leg. Results: Among the patients receiving placebo, 10 out of 19 (53%) achieved complete healing, while among those receiving pentoxifylline, 14 out of 21 (64%) achieved complete healing. Conclusions: The study found no significant difference in healing rates between patients taking pentoxifylline and those receiving placebo. Recommendation: It is compression therapy that heals the ulcer, not the dressing, so wherever possible the primary dressing of choice should be a simple knitted viscose one. This recommendation may not apply if the wound has high levels of exudate or slough.

Background: Emergency hernia repair is technically very challenging and involves a very high risk of post-operative infectious complications in case of incarcerated incisional hernias in association with bowel obstruction which is due to its edematous, inflammatory, and friable tissues. The study's prime objective was to prospectively assess the wound-related morbidity in using permanent prosthetic mesh in an emergency laparotomy of an incarcerated incisional hernia with a corresponding intestinal obstruction. We also go over a novel method of leaving the mesh exposed for the formation of granulation tissue. Methods: Emergency laparotomy was performed on sixty patients with incarcerated incisional hernias associated with intestinal obstructions to place the permanent prosthetic mesh. In fifty-three patients hernia was repaired and the wound was sutured, but in seven individuals, it was left open to granulate. Results: 9 patients had superficial surgical site infections, 3 had deep wound infections, and 2 patients suffered from cellulitis which was seen in the group of patients where the wound was closed primarily. These patients underwent both wound debridement and antibiotics were administered. 2 patients required the removal of the mesh placed. In the group of patients who had their surgical wounds left exposed, there were no infections. On the 7th postoperative day, a patient in this group passed away from septicemia. Conclusion: In obstructed incisional hernia patient who was treated in emergency with permanent prosthetic mesh the wound infection was quite high on a contaminated field.

Background: In the present scenario the entire healthcare system has been overburdened with chronic wounds be it monetary wise or manpower requirements like nurses, doctors, etc. A chronic wound is being treated by many topical drugs which are prevailing in the market. So we considered this study i.e. “the effect of cadexomer and providone iodine on chronic leg ulcers”. Objective: The main and primary objective of this study was to compare the outcome of both, Cadexomer and povidone-iodine, about their effect on the treatment of leg ulcers. Methods: With 30 patients in each group, 30 patients with chronic wounds participated in this prospective study. As part of the statistical analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and the Student's Paired T-Test are used. Results: Patients who received cadexomer iodine ointment had a significantly (p

Biotic and abiotic factors have an effect on rice production all around the world. Diseases are regarded as major restrictions among the biotic stressors, and rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) is one of the most calamitous diseases that significantly damage the crop. Lately, biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens has appeared as an appealing approach. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate different biocontrol agents like Talaromyces flavus, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger against sheath blight disease. Prior to sowing, seeds were bioprimed with each isolate and sown in the nursery. After 21 days, seedlings were transplanted in-vivo and were inoculated with a virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani at maximum tillering stage. Observations on biochemical parameters and gene expression studies were carried out at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi. Enzymatic activity viz., chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, catalase, and PAL was observed maximum in Chaetomium globosum. PR-genes viz.,IPT, BrD, HmPr, AMP, AldD, NIC and LisH showed up-regulation at 96 hpi. Chaetomium globosum had the highest yield, maximum number of tillers with least relative lesion height (RLH%) as compared to other treatments. However, results indicated biocontrol agents are helpful and they induce multitude of defence responses against R. solani in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the changes in the extreme temperature indices is crucial for the assessment of climate change and to recommend practical adaptation strategies particularly in countries like Nepal, which is highly prone to the impacts of extreme climatic events. This study analyses the mean temperatures and the changes of extreme temperature indices at 25 stations located in different physiographic regions in Nepal at monthly and annual time scales for 1986–2015. Ten extreme temperature indices recommended by ETCCDI are selected and examined. Quality control is first conducted for original daily maximum and minimum temperature data. In Nepal, it is warming in general with maximum temperature (0.04°C year−1) increasing faster than minimum temperature (0.02°C year−1) on countrywide average which is contrary to the changes in the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings and the global average. The changes in extreme temperatures are spatiotemporally heterogeneous and unique. Annually, cold extremes increase but the percentage of days below 10th percentile becomes less frequent. Terai and Siwalik plain regions show negative annual trends in cold indices (TNn and TXn), but mixed changes in other extreme indices. There are strong correlations between the trends of maximum temperature‐related variables and elevation. This analysis also adds the evidence of pronounced warming in higher elevation only for day‐time extreme temperatures but not for temperature minima in Nepal which differs from the other studies around the world. This study also reveals that December and January tend to have colder days in the Terai. However, summer months are getting hotter in each region across the country. Kathmandu, the most urbanized city in Nepal shows a significant increase in minimum temperature (Tmin) and minimum Tmin (TNn) indicating the influence of urbanization in temperature change ‐ an urban heat island effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further downscaling of CMOS technology becomes challenging as it faces limitation of feature size reduction. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Investigations on the reduction of QCA primitives (majority gates and inverters) for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference. As a result, design of adders under QCA framework is gaining its importance in recent research. This work targets developing multi-layered full adder architecture in QCA framework based on five-input majority gate proposed here. A minimum clock zone (2 clock) with high compaction (0.01 μm2) for a full adder around QCA is achieved. Further, the usefulness of such design is established with the synthesis of high-level logic. Experimental results illustrate the significant improvements in design level in terms of circuit area, cell count, and clock compared to that of conventional design approaches.