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In the current work Plasticized sodium ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol: methylcellulose (PVA: MC) and sodium iodide (NaI) as the electrolytic salt are fabricated. The SPE films are created using a renowned solution casting procedure, and the results of the experiments are provided. The development of polymers-salt complexes is supported by the Fourier-transform infrared transform (FTIR) analysis. The degrees of crystallinity of the polymers are noticeably decreased as a result of the glycerol plasticizer, according to X-ray diffraction test. The sample inserted with 40 wt% glycerol has the maximum ionic conductivity, according to electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrical equivalence circuits (EEC) are used to explore the electrolytes circuit components. For the highest conducting electrolyte, the number density (n), mobility (µ), and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are found to be 2 × 1021, 1.79 × 10−6, and 4.59 × 10−8, respectively. A high dispersion of the real component of dielectric permittivity at a lower frequency are used to infer the space charge influence induced by stainless-still (SS) electrodes. The tangent loss spectra show that the bouncing chance per unit time decreases as the glycerol concentration rises.

This paper studies the structural and electrical properties of solid polymer blend electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with sodium iodide (NaI). The polymer electrolyte films were assembled through a solution casting technique. The host matrix, which is doped with different NaI salt concentrations between 10 and 50 wt%, utilizes the most amorphous blend compositions (60 wt% Polyvinyl alcohol and 40 wt% methylcellulose). The structural behaviour of the electrolyte films was examined utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. The semi crystalline nature of PVA:MC with inserted NaI was derived from the X-ray diffraction studies, while the XRD analysis suggests that the highest ion conductive sample displays the minimum crystalline nature. The interaction between polymer blends and inserted salt was conceived from the FTIR investigation. Shifting of peaks and variation in the intensity of FTIR bands was detected. To investigate the structural properties and calculate the degree of crystallinity of the films, the (XRD) technique was employed, while electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized for studying the conductivity of the samples. In order to comprehend all of the electrical properties of the ion-conducting systems, the EIS outcome of each electrolyte was matched with Equivalent Electrical Circuits (EEC) s. Ion transport parameters including mobility, carrier density and diffusion are well assessed for the samples and the dielectric properties were compared with the conductivity measurement. At lower frequencies, the dielectric constant was elevated and dielectric loss was detected. Loss tangent and electric modulus plots were used to study the relaxation nature of the samples. The highest ambient temperature conductivity of PVA loaded 50 wt% of NaI was determined to be 1.53 × 10−5 S/cm. The loss tangent relaxation peak shifts towards high-frequency side which indicates the decrease of relaxation time and faster ion dynamics.

The current study was conducted on Melanoides tuberculate in three stations for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 (Al-Sharash, Al-Salhiya and Al-Dweab), as the samples were collected monthly. Some environmental factors were measured, such as the water temperature. The lowest water temperature was 12°C during January and the highest temperature was 33°C during July, both in Al-Salhiya station. The pH values ​​were between 7.5 in the three stations and 8.9 during July in Al-Sharash, and the lowest was recorded. The salinity value was 0.5‰ in April and November at Al-Sharash station, and the highest value was recorded at 39.3‰ during July for Al-Dweab station. The values ​​of the current speed ranged between 0.01)-95 (0.0 m/s in Al-Sharash and Al-Salhiya stations, respectively, while the values ​​of dissolved oxygen ranged between (12.1) -5.1) mg/liter during August and May in Al-Salhiya and Al-Sharash stations respectively, As for the bottom sediments, all the stations were alluvial with few and different proportions of sand and clay. The study also showed that the environmental factors have an impact on the distribution and spread of this species in the intertidal zone. It also found a significant direct relationship between density of M. tuberculata with dissolved oxygen and an inverse relationship with salinity in Al-Sharash station, while in Al-Salhiya station a direct relationship was recorded between the density of M. tuberculata and dissolved oxygen and an inverse relationship between the density of M. tuberculata with salinity.

The current study was conducted on N. indica in three stations for the period from December 2017 to November 2018 (Al-Sharsh, Al-Salhiya and Al-Dweab), as samples were collected monthly. Some environmental factors were calculated, such as water temperature. The lowest water temperature was 12 °C during January and the highest temperature was 33 °C during July, both in Al-Salhiya station. The lowest value of salinity was 0.5‰ reached in April and November in Al-Sharsh station, while reached highest value ‰ 39.3 were recorded during July for Al-Dweab station, the light transmittance values ranged between (63-18) cm, recorded during July and November for Al-Salhiya and Al-Sharsh stations, respectively. As for the values of dissolved oxygen, it ranged between (12.1-5.1) mg/liter during August and May in the two stations. Al- Salhiya and Al-Sharsh, respectively. As for the bottom sediments of all the stations, they were alluvial with few and different percentages of sand and clay. The study showed that the studied environmental factors have an impact on the distribution and spread of this species within the horizontal and vertical sections in the tidal zone. The total density and density were measured within the horizontal distribution pattern in each station and the monthly total density ranges were 592-32 individuals/m2. The density of the three species was calculated within the horizontal distribution after dividing the area into three sections for each station. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences at the level of P