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Favorable diets often include restrictive practices that have proven health benefits, even if initiated later in life. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Restrictive Dietary Practices (RDPs) among a sample of middle-aged and older German adults (aged 59–78 years). We conducted 24 narrative in-depth interviews and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz). Following an inductive thematic approach, a typology was reconstructed comprising four typical RDP characteristics: I. The Holistically Restraining Type, II. The Dissonant-savoring Restraining Type, III. The Reactively Restraining Type, and IV. The Unintentionally Restraining Type. These types differed regarding the practical implementation of, e.g., restrictive food choice into everyday routines, barriers to do so, as well as with respect to attitudes and motives underlying RDPs. The major motives for adopting a RDP involved health, well-being, ethical, and ecological concerns. The most prominent barriers to a 'successful' adoption of RDPs were the enjoyment of food and the desire for spontaneity and freedom of (food) choice. Our study offers an in-depth understanding of the aspects that shape the widespread practice of dietary restriction among middle-aged and older adults. Lifeworld-related changes in RDPs and possible 'type shiftings' are discussed as well as the meaning and chances of RDPs for public health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To promote healthy aging, the support of digital mobile health tools such as mobile applications (apps) addressing a healthy diet or physical activity appears promising, particularly when initiated before entering old age. For such tools to be effective, middle-aged and older adults' acceptance need to be studied in depth. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to provide an integrative synthesis of the current state of research regarding the question in how far middle-aged and older adults (people aged 50 years and above) accept mobile nutrition and fitness apps to gain a deeper understanding of the influencing factors shaping this target group's usage behaviour and needs. Methods: The review process followed the PRISMA guidelines. The databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science as well as reference lists were systematically searched. Study quality was assessed using the MMAT and AXIS appraisal tools. Data of the included studies were extracted and thereupon narratively synthesized, involving thematic analysis. Results: Of N = 8823 articles screened, n = 7 studies could be identified–five quantitative, cross-sectional ones and two qualitative studies. Overall, the synthesized findings showed a lower acceptance among middle-aged and older adults compared to younger populations, which was particularly reflected in lower usage rates and more negative attitudes towards such apps (e.g., Perceived usefulness, Ease of use). The target group's acceptance of fitness apps was greater compared to nutrition apps. Findings on contextual factors and social determinants were inconsistent (e.g., regarding gender differences). Conclusion: While cross-study comparability was limited, the synthesized evidence underscores the importance to target mobile nutrition and fitness apps to the distinctive and heterogeneous needs of middle-aged and, particularly, of older adults. The scarcity of the existing body of knowledge highlights the need of further (longitudinal) research. PROSPERO protocol register number: CRD42020159409. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Kinder und Jugendliche mit beidseitigem Migrationshintergrund/MH weisen signifikant häufiger ungünstige Ernährungsmuster auf als jene ohne bzw. mit einseitigem MH, so die Ergebnisse einer Ernährungsmusteranalyse anhand von KiGGS-Daten. Der Sozialstatus erklärt nur einen Teil dieses Zusammenhangs. Die ungesünderen Ernährungsweisen nehmen mit der Verweildauer der zugewanderten Familien zu. Weiterhin beeinflussen Herkunftsland, Alter und Geschlecht (un-)günstigere Ernährungsmuster. According to the findings of the KiGGS study, children and adolescents with bilateral migration background show significantly higher disadvantageous food patterns than those without and with unilateral migration background, respectively. Social status only partially explains that issue. Unhealthier eating habits increase with length of stay of the migrated families. Country of origin, age and gender also determine (un-) favourable food patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]