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The article reports the first instance of maize streak Reunion virus (MSRV) infecting rice in Burkina Faso. Through genetic sequencing and experimental inoculation, researchers found that MSRV can infect rice, although less frequently than maize streak virus (MSV). The study highlights the importance of considering MSRV in disease surveillance of rice fields globally, as the virus has been identified in African and Asian rice-producing countries. The research was funded by the French National Research Agency and the CGIAR Research Program on Rice. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we formulate a temperature-dependent model for malaria transmission dynamics which includes immature stages of mosquitoes. The model is constructed by using ordinary differential equations with some parameters which are periodic functions. Two thresholds dynamics associated to the model have been derived: the vector reproduction ratio ℛv and the basic reproduction ratio ℛ0. Through a rigorous analysis via theories and methods of dynamical systems, we prove that the global behavior of the model depends strongly on these two parameters. More precisely, we show that if ℛv is greater than one and ℛ0 is less than one then, the disease-free periodic equilibrium is globally attractive. If ℛv is greater than one and ℛ0 is greater than one, the disease remains persistent and the system admits at least one positive periodic solution. Finally, using the reported monthly mean temperature for Burkina Faso, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our mathematical results.

Summary: The Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project aims to identify genomic regulatory elements in both sexes across multiple stages of development in domesticated animals. This study represents the first stage of the FAANG project for the horse, Equus caballus. A biobank of 80 tissue samples, two cell lines and six body fluids was created from two adult Thoroughbred mares. Ante‐mortem assessments included full physical examinations, lameness, ophthalmologic and neurologic evaluations. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistries were also performed. At necropsy, in addition to tissue samples, aliquots of serum, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, heparinized plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine and microbiome samples from all regions of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts were collected. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were cultured from skin samples. All tissues were grossly and histologically evaluated by a board‐certified veterinary pathologist. The results of the clinical and pathological evaluations identified subclinical eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract as well as a mild clinical lameness in both animals. Each sample was cryo‐preserved in multiple ways, and nuclei were extracted from selected tissues. These samples represent the first published systemically healthy equine‐specific biobank with extensive clinical phenotyping ante‐ and post‐mortem. The tissues in the biobank are intended for community‐wide use in the functional annotation of the equine genome. The use of the biobank will improve the quality of the reference annotation and allow all equine researchers to elucidate unknown genomic and epigenomic causes of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim : This study was to determine the prevalence of missed opportunies for immunization in the department of pediatrics of University Teaching Hospital, Souro Sanou. Methods : This was a prospective descriptive study from May to June 2010 involving children aged 0-11 months, accompanying persons and health personnel;. Self-questionnaires were administered to health personnel in order to have their knowledge on the practice of vaccination. Results : 177 children including 101 girls and 49 health workers were recruited. The vaccination coverage targets children the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was 38% in the department. The prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization was 50%. The low level of parental education, ignorance of EPI target diseases and the vaccination schedule and poor organization of the unit of vaccination were notified. Conclusion : The overall strategy for vaccine administration should be rethought in the country has limited resources like Burkina Faso to optimize immunization, EPI target diseases contributing to burden the mortality and morbidity in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article treats the features of the French language in comparison with the Russian language in phonology and morphonology.

The problem of the status and classification of morphological alternations is being raised in the article on material of the Russian inflexion. The grounds of the scientific classification of the alternations: composition, positional conditionality, productiveness, function and place of implementation — are observed in the article.

The article treats morphological positions and functions of morphological and phonetic alternations of Russian inflection forms, the regular occurrence of the alternations in expressing grammatical meanings and their role in the design of different parts of speech.

L’articolo presenta i principali risultati di una ricerca empirica condotta su un campione di studentesse universitarie dell’Università di Perugia. Il questionario verteva su episodi di molestie sessuale, di stalking e di atti sessuali non voluti che potevano essere capitati alle studentesse tanto nell’ambiente universitario che in generale. Oltre ai comportamenti citati, sono stati analizzati i dati sul contesto in cui sono avvenuti i fatti di molestia, sulle reazioni, sulle conseguenze e sul senso di minaccia percepito. Nelle conclusioni l’autrice propone un’interpretazione della rappresentazione sociale della molestia sessuale basata sulla teoria dell’identità sociale e su quella dell’autocategorizzazione del sé.RésuméCet article rend compte des principaux résultats d'une enquête menée à partir d’un échantillon d'étudiantes universitaires de l'Université de Pérouse (Italie). Le questionnaire avait pour objet les épisodes de harcèlement sexuel, de traque furtive (stalking) et de violence sexuelle qui pouvaient avoir eu lieu dans le milieu universitaire comme à l’extérieur. En outre, l’auteur analyse le contexte, les réactions, les conséquences et le sentiment de menace perçu par les étudiantes. En conclusion, l’auteur propose une interprétation de la représentation sociale du harcèlement sexuel s’appuyant sur les théories de l'identité sociale et de l'auto-catégorisation.AbstractThis article presents the main results of an empirical research among female students of the University of Perugia (Italy). The questionnaire dealt with sexual harassment, stalking and unwanted sexual acts experienced by the girls inside and outside the university. In addition, contextual data connected to these incidents, the reaction, the consequences and the perceived threat are analysed. Finally, the author proposes an explanation for a social representation of sexual harassment based on Social Identity and Self-categorization theories.

Morphonology as an independent linguistic discipline evolved at the turn of the XIX—XX centuries due to the studies and writings of philologists and linguists, who had revealed and stated the phoneme and morpheme as abstract units of language system. Not coincidentally, this discipline was based on the theory of phonetic alternations as both units demonstrated deep interaction and vivid variations in respect to their sound form.

Introduction Le traitement par leptine recombinante humaine (metreleptine) améliore les paramètres métaboliques chez les patients atteints de syndromes lipodystrophiques. Ses effets sur la structure du tissu adipeux et sur l'inflammation systémique n'ont pas été étudiés. Patients et Méthodes Dix-huit patients diabétiques atteints de lipodystrophie partielle ( n = 12, mutations LMNA dans 9 cas) ou généralisée ( n = 6, mutations d'AGPAT2 dans 5 cas) sévèrement hypoleptinémiques ont été inclus dans un programme compassionnel. Les paramètres métaboliques, inflammatoires et les scores de stéatose et de fibrose hépatique ont été mesurés. Une biopsie de tissu adipeux sous-cutané abdominal a été réalisée chez 10 patients, avant et un an après traitement. Les caractéristiques histologiques, dont la présence de macrophages ainsi que l'expression des transcrits des facteurs de transcription adipocytaires ont été étudiés en parallèle de celles du tissu adipeux de cinq contrôles. Résultats Le traitement a permis une diminution de l'HbA 1c , des triglycérides, et une amélioration de l'insulino-sensibilité. De plus, il a permis une diminution significative des concentrations sériques de CRPus, d'orosomucoide et de ferritine. Il induit une amélioration des enzymes hépatiques, des scores de steatotest et defibrotest, marqueurs de stéatose et de fibrose hépatiques respectivement. Le tissu adipeux des patients lipodystrophiques, comparé à du tissu adipeux sous-cutané témoin, est constitué de lobules dystrophiques désorganisés, présentant des adipocytes de taille hétérogène et une fibrose étendue. L'expression des facteurs de transcription adipocytaires PPARG et SREBP 1c est diminuée dans le tissu adipeux des patients alors que. l'infiltration macrophagique, évaluée par immunomarquage CD68 et CD163, est augmentée. Après un an de traitement par metreleptine, les anomalies de structure et d'expression ne sont pas significativement modifiées. En revanche, l'infiltration macrophagique des tissus adipeux lipoatrophiques, est significativement diminuée. Conclusions Le traitement par metreleptine améliore non seulement les paramètres métaboliques mais également les paramètres inflammatoires adipocytaires, hépatiques et systémiques chez les patients lipodystrophiques. Cette baisse pourrait contribuer à l'amélioration des paramètres métaboliques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Malaria is an endemic disease caused by one of the several Plasmodium species. Severe malaria is mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum in highly endemic areas. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a criterion of malaria severity as defined by WHO. Often observed in adults, particularly in India and Southeast Asia, this complication remains a rare complication of malaria in children. We report a case of oliguric ARF that occurred in a 7-year-old girl a few days after the onset of fever. The vascular obstruction by parasitized erythrocytes often causing tubular necrosis is the primary mechanism of renal failure. As a possible diagnosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal failure and quartan hemoglobinuric nephropathy are other possible causes of renal failure in malaria. Renal biopsy, which was not performed in our patient, would have been a great help, but was not available. The outcome was favorable with recovery of renal function after 3weeks of diuretic therapy. This development is not always the rule and the prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]