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Various surgical procedures are described and practiced for operative management of uncomplicated meconium ileus. In our series, we have tried an approach of minimally invasive procedure to minimize the operative stress in already sick neonates. Ten cases of meconium ileus operated between 01/01/2003 to 21/06/2004 were screened. Three cases presented with complications like peritonitis (2) and volvulus (1) and so were not included in this study. Seven cases were uncomplicated. Out of them three were managed conservatively. Operative management by minilaparotomy - enterotomy and T-tube insertion was done in the remaining four cases, which did not resolve by conservative approach. In this group, patients passed stool by approximately seventh day (range - sixth to eight day). Oral feeds begun on approximately ninth day (range - eighth to tenth day). All four babies survived. This approach of minilaprotomy, T-tube insertion and N acetyl cysteine instillation, could be of significant benefit in an already sick neonate. Also, T- tube helps in post- operative bowel decompression, distal bowel wash and check dye study

We report a case of duplex kidney with Type-2 ureteral triplication, with one megaureter having stenosis at its lower end and dysplasia of the upper moiety of the kidney. The child presented with lump abdomen and recurrent attacks of urinary tract infection. The child underwent excision of the dysplastic part of the kidney and megaureter with an ureteroureterostomy connecting the normal caliber lower ureter (U3) draining in trigone with the mildly dilated middle ureter (U2) draining into the megaureter (U1) of the upper moiety. The patient is well 2 months postoperatively with no urinary infection and stable renal function.

Background: The objective of the paper is to review the incidence and types of associated urogenital anomalies (U.G.A.) we encountered in patients with anorectal malformations (A.R.M.) and compare the results with previously published world literature. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review was done of 220 cases of A.R.M., treated from May 2002 to April 2003. All patients routinely underwent ultrasound (U.S.) study of the K.U.B. region and pelvis and lumbosacral radiography. Voiding cystourethrography (V.C.U.G.), nuclear renography and other investigations like buccal smear and karyotyping were done in selected cases only. Results: Genital anomalies were found in 30 cases (13.63%) and urologic anomalies in 25 cases (11.36%), a direct correlation being found between the level of A.R.M. and the incidence of urogenital anomalies (U.G.A.). Conclusion: The high incidence of associated anomalies (24.54%) makes careful clinical examination and evaluation of the urinary tract during the neonatal or early infantile period mandatory in all cases of A.R.M., particularly to avoid deterioration of renal function in future.

Background: Colostomy site, which is a potentially contaminated wound, is traditionally closed with interrupted skin stitches and placement of intraperitoneal or parietal or both drains; often with poor cosmetic outcome in our country. This study aims at prospective evaluation of colostomy closure wounds by different techniques. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out in all infants and children with colostomy (for different pathologies) admitted for colostomy closure in our institute from August 1, 2006 to February 29, 2008. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A with colostomy closure without any drain and subcuticular skin closure and Group B with colostomy closure with both intraperitoneal and parietal drain and interrupted skin closure. Patient′s details, including age, sex, body weight, diagnosis, preoperative bowel preparation, peroperative antibiotics, postoperative wound infection, anastomotic leaks, duration of hospitalisation and postoperative follow-up for wound assessment, were recorded. By the end of February 2008, 151 cases of colostomy closure were recorded, 70 in Group A and 81 in Group B. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed no statistically significant difference in wound infection and anastomotic leak between the two groups. On postoperative follow-up, wound assessment showed significantly better cosmesis in the no drain subcuticular group. Conclusion: This study shows that closing colostomies without any drain and subcuticular skin closure does not result in any increased incidence of wound infection and has better cosmetic results.

Single line to ground fault at any terminal of a three-phase induction motor blows out the fuse of the faulted phase to disconnect the voltage supply of that phase but the open conductor may remain grounded at the fault point. The motor gets a two-phase supply with the healthy phases connected to the two terminals of the supply while the third terminal of the motor is grounded. Very high negative sequence current is produced at all values of slip. Difference in the magnitudes of current in the three input terminals is small and the single phasing protection fails to operate. In the normal single-phasing condition the open terminal remains isolated from ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A negative-sequence current produced during the single-phasing condition of a three-phase induction motor does not allow the motor to start and creates excessive heating while running. To eliminate the negative-sequence current, and thus to operate the motor satisfactorily under a single-phasing condition, the student is to connect a zigzag winding transformer with its star point connected to a system neutral across the motor. This experiment provides a thorough understanding of the sequence network connections under the single-phasing condition of a three-phase induction motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a new controller design for STATCOM for damping electromechanical oscillations in a power system. The STATCOM is modeled as a reactive current source and the magnitude of this current is obtained by using a sliding mode control strategy. The parameters of the sliding mode controller (SMC) are obtained using linearised model of single-machine infinite-bus power system and a pole placement technique. In order to avoid repeated computation of the sliding mode control gains at different operating conditions, a single neuron controller is used to adapt the parameters of the SMC. Several simulation results are presented to show the marked improvement in transient stability enhancement of the single-machine infinite-bus and multimachine power systems over a wide range of operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. In this paper, colocated, near simultaneous measurements of ocean surface wind speed near the Indian subcontinent from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Radar Altimeter onboard, respectively, DMSP and Geosat satellites are analysed. It is found that for about 84 per cent of cases, difference of two winds is within 3 m s 1. However, when the colocated winds are averaged for entire period and over the grid boxes of 2.5 2.5 , the correlation between the two winds appears to be very high. It is found that the absolute difference of the two winds has no apparent relation with the amount of water vapour and the amount of cloud liquid water present in the atmosphere. Further, the variations of absolute difference of two winds with SSM/I winds, altimeter winds and significant wave height have indicated that altimeter measurements of high wind speed are likely to be more inaccurate compared to SSM/I measurements. The variation of bias and standard deviation of the difference of the two winds as measured in each 1 m s 1 bin of altimeter wind indicated that the SSM/I wind and the Altimeter wind are in good agreement within 12 m s 1 of altimeter wind, and thus in this range any one can be used in the absence of another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]