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However, in 2019, saline bottom water body with a maximum salinity over 20 was detected in the Fehmarn Belt in early February; weak barotropic inflows occurred in the Baltic Sea in March and April, also bringing saline waters from the North Sea ([19]). Keywords: Crossaster papposus; Fehmarn Belt; protected species; monitoring data; underwater imaging approach EN Crossaster papposus Fehmarn Belt protected species monitoring data underwater imaging approach 143 148 6 07/18/22 20220601 NES 220601 GLOSSARY IOW - Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde MPA - Marine Protected Area 1. Furthermore, I C. squamatus i has never been recorded in the German parts of the North Sea or the Baltic Sea and results of several marine surveillance programs (MAREANO, BIOICE, BIOFAR) indicate that I C. squamatus i occurs at the shelf break in colder waters at a depth of 100 to 1600 m ([18]; [21]). The common sun star I C. papposus i was found in both cases at the Natura 2000 site "Fehmarn Belt" (EU-Code: DE 1332-301) in the south-western Baltic Sea (54°34.41934'N; 10°50.06339'E and 54°35.48544'N; 10°54.82932'E; Fig. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, non‐destructive seafloor imaging techniques were employed to assess the benthic community structure of a recently discovered boulder reef within the central Arkona Basin of the Baltic Sea.Data indicate that geographical isolation, water column stratification and temporary oxygen deficiency create an exceptional reef habitat in a sea of mud.The reef forms a saline refuge for the deepest and easternmost known population of the plumose sea anemones (Metridium dianthus Ellis, 1768) in the Baltic Sea.Limited connectivity to other reefs and dominance of the aggressively colonizing and planktivorous M. dianthus hamper the recruitment of other species and lead to an overall low invertebrate richness.Large boulders attract ecologically and economically important fish like Baltic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) that find shelter in the otherwise heavily fished Arkona Basin.Despite this very first exploration being only a snapshot of the observed community, findings imply a potential conservation importance of this Germany's deepest known natural habitat type 1170 ('reefs'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine optical imaging has become a major assessment tool in science, policy and public understanding of our seas and oceans. Methodology in this field is developing rapidly, including hardware, software and the ways of their application. The aim of the Marine Imaging Workshop (MIW) is to bring together academics, research scientists and engineers, as well as industrial partners to discuss these developments, along with applications, challenges and future directions. The first MIW was held in Southampton, UK in April 2014. The second MIW, held in Kiel, Germany, in 2017 involved more than 100 attendees, who shared the latest developments in marine imaging through a combination of traditional oral and poster presentations, interactive sessions and focused discussion sessions. This article summarises the topics addressed during the workshop, particularly the outcomes of these discussion sessions for future reference and to make the workshop results available to the open public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]