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Abnormal blood clot formation inside veins may be a sign of atherosclerosis even in people who don't have any symptoms of atherosclerosis. In a study of 449 people, those who had abnormal blood clot formation were twice as likely to have plaque in their carotid arteries as those who did not have abnormal blood clot formation. Plaque in the carotid arteries in the neck can be a sign of early atherosclerosis.

No difference in outcome between therapeutic and preventive anticoagulation in patients with superficial vein thrombosis involving the saphenous-femoral junction Keywords: anticoagulation; saphenous-femoral junction; superficial vein thrombosis (SVT); venous thromboembolism (VTE) EN anticoagulation saphenous-femoral junction superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) venous thromboembolism (VTE) 290 292 3 06/14/22 20220601 NES 220601 Following the demonstration that thrombosis involving the superficial veins of the lower extremities (SVT) is a less benign disease than previously thought,[1] several controlled studies have consistently shown that fondaparinux in preventive doses, low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) in intermediate doses, and rivaroxaban in preventive doses are effective and safe strategies for preventing extension or recurrence of the disease, as well as progression to the deep vein system and migration to the pulmonary circulation.[2][3][4][5] [6] In all these clinical trials, patients with the thrombus head within 3 cm from the saphenous-femoral junction were not eligible for recruitment, as they were perceived as being at a higher risk of venous thromboembolic complications in the absence of an active drug, nor were they in studies addressing the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) because of the lack of involvement of the deep vein system. Prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with superficial-vein thrombosis given rivaroxaban or fondaparinux: the open-label, randomised, non-inferiority SURPRISE phase 3b trial. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease characterized by the excretion of excessive volumes of dilute urine due to reduced levels of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), caused by an acquired or genetic defect in the neurohypophysis. The aim of this study was to identify any autonomic dysfunction (AD) in patients with DI as a possible cofactor responsible for their reportedly higher mortality. Methods: The study involved 12 patients (6 females) with central idiopathic DI and a well-controlled electrolyte balance, and 12 controls matched for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors, who were assessed using the tilt, lying-to-standing, hand grip, deep breath, Valsalva maneuver and Stroop tests. Results: The tilt test showed a significantly more pronounced decrease in both systolic (− 20.67 ± 18 vs. − 1.92 ± 6.99 mmHg, p = 0.0009) and diastolic blood pressure (− 10.5 ± 14.29 vs. − 1.5 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.012) in patients than in controls. Three patients with DI had to suspend the test due to the onset of syncope. The lying-to-standing test also revealed a marked reduction in blood pressure in patients with DI (1.05 ± 0.13 vs. 1.53 ± 0.14, p = 0.0001). Similar results emerged for the Valsalva maneuver (Valsalva ratio, 1.24 ± 0.19 vs. 1.79 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001) and deep breath test (1.08 ± 0.11 vs. 1.33 ± 0.08, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: All the principal autonomic tests performed in the study were concordant in indicating that patients with central DI have an impaired autonomic nervous system function despite a normal hydroelectrolytic balance under desmopressin therapy. This impairment may reflect damage to the autonomic system per se and/or the absence of any vasoactive effect of AVP on vascular smooth muscle. In our opinion, patients with central DI should be educated on how to prevent orthostatic hypotension, and pharmacological treatment should be considered for patients with a more marked impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the correlation between primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and cardiovascular events is well known, but the correlation between APS and sudden death is not clear; it probably correlates with sympathetic alterations of the autonomic system. Aim: To compare the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in a group of subjects suffering from APS against that of a control group with no cardiovascular risk factors, matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Subjects and methods: An equal number (n = 31) of subjects with APS, and healthy controls, underwent autonomic evaluation: tilt test, deep breath, Valsalva maneuver, hand grip, lyingto- standing, Stroop, and sweat tests. Results: Cases in the APS group were positive for the tilt test, relating to changes in respiratory rate intervals, by comparison with controls. Results of other tests were also altered significantly in APS cases, by comparison with controls. (The sweat and Stroop tests were only performed in 14 cases). Autonomic disease did not correlate with age, sex, history of disease, arterial or venous thrombosis, or antibody positivity; only their coagulation parameters correlated with autonomic dysfunction. Conclusion: Autonomic dysfunction in APS seems to correlate with coagulation parameters. APS patients should receive autonomic evaluation, to minimize the risks of fatal arrhythmias and sudden death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease caused by genetic and environmental factors with important clinical sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of carotid atherosclerosis by echo-color Doppler scan in a group of patients affected by hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease versus a group of normal subjects apparently free of atherosclerotic risk factors. All coagulopathics and normal patients who came to our Internal Medicine Department (Padua Hospital) underwent physical exam, blood analysis, standard electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, echo-color Doppler scan, and a thorough history. We examined 156 subjects, 76 coagulopathics (46 men, 30 women) and 77 normals (37 men, 40 women). Coagulopathics were affected by hypertension in 28.9% of cases, diabetes mellitus in 6.5%. dislipidemia in 17.1%. smoke in 39.4%. and obesity in 36.8% (p < .05). Echo-color Doppler scan revealed carotid plaques in 27.2% of control patients versus 13.1% of coagulopathics (p < .05). Hemophilics and subjects with von Willebrand disease with a more serious illness had fewer plaques than those with lighter defects. Coagulopathics showed 23.6% of the plaques we revealed on the whole. versus 76.3% of control subjects (p < .01). with a lighter degree of stenosis (p < .01), Our data demonstrate that patients with hemophilia A and von Willehrand disease have fewer carotid plaques and a smaller degree of carotid stenosis than normal subjects of the same sex and age. These data seem to strengthen the hypothesis that blood coagulation defects may allow protection against carotid atherosclerosis and its sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]