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Cassidy Nguyen,1,* Guilherme Kuceki,1,* Michael Birdsall,1 Dev Ram Sahni,2,3 Vikram Nath Sahni,2 Christopher M Hull2 1School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 2Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 3Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dev Ram Sahni, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA, Tel +16177324918, Email sahnidr@alumni.vcu.eduAbstract: Rosacea is a common chronic dermatosis. Clinically, rosacea can present with flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasias, phymatous changes, pruritus, burning, and stinging. In 2017, the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee recommended a phenotype-based classification for therapy. In this review, we identify monotherapies and multimodal treatment approaches for the clinical management of rosacea including topical, systemic, laser and light, alternative, and combination therapies.Keywords: combination therapy, management, monotherapy, rosacea, therapy, treatment

A randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, phase III clinical trial was conducted in 84 women to compare the efficacy of a s.c. injection of 250 microg recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (rHCG; Ovidrel) to an i.m. injection of 5000 IU urinary HCG (uHCG; Profasi) in inducing folliculogenesis, resumption of oocyte meiosis and luteinization after ovulation induction with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Gonal-F). The study primary endpoint was comparison of the number of oocytes retrieved per patient receiving either compound. Secondary comparisons included the number of oocytes retrieved per follicles aspirated; the number of mature oocytes; normally fertilized oocytes; and cleaved embryos. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the primary endpoint (mean +/- SD oocytes retrieved 10.8 +/- 4.5 for rHCG versus 10.3 +/- 5.1 for uHCG) or each of the secondary endpoints except for increased concentrations of progesterone 6-7 days after rHCG administration (353.2 +/- 215.1 versus 234.1 +/- 129.4 nmol/l; P < 0. 004) and for HCG during the luteal phase following rHCG (P < 0.02). There were also no significant side-effects for either drug. Since the confidence intervals for the difference of the number of oocytes retrieved between the two treatment groups were within the bounds defined by the multi-trial protocol equivalence between rHCG and uHCG could be declared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pheromone N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL) regulates expression of bioluminescence In the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the production of carbapenem antibiotic in Erwinia carotovora and exoenzymes in both E. carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A characteristic feature of this regulatory mechanism in V. fischeri is that it is cell density-dependent, reflecting the need to accumulate sufficient pheromone to trigger the induction of gene expression. Using a lux plasmid-based bioluminescent sensor for OHHL, pheromone production by E. carotovora, Enterobacter agglomerans, Hafnia alvei, Rahnella aquatilis and Serratia marcescens has been demonstrated and shown also to be cell density-dependent. Production of OHHL implies the presence in these bacteria of a gene equivalent to luxl. Chromosomal banks from all five enteric bacteria have yielded clones capable of eliciting OHHL production when expressed in Escherichia coli. The luxl homologue from both E. carotovora (carl) and E. agglomerans (eagl) were characterized at the DNA sequence level and the deduced protein sequences have only 25% identity with the V. fischeri Luxl. Despite this, carl, eagl and luxl are shown to be biologically equivalent. An insertion mutant of eagl demonstrates that this gene is essential for OHHL production in E. agglomerans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]