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44. Effect of the chemical composition and the structural and phases states of materials on hydrogen retention.

Author

Chernov, I., Stal'tsov, M., Kalin, B., Bogachev, I., Guseva, L., and Korshunov, S.

Abstract

The results of investigation of the effect of chemical composition and structural and phase states of reactor steels and vanadium alloys on their capture and retention of hydrogen introduced into the materials in various ways are presented. It is shown that, in the case of identical conditions of hydrogen introduction, the amount of hydrogen captured by austenitic steels is substantially higher than that captured by ferritic/ martensitic steels. At the same time, the EP450 ODS ferritic/martensitic steel dispersion-strengthened with nanosized yttrium oxide particles retains a substantially higher amount of hydrogen as compared to that retained in the EP450 matrix steel. The alloying of vanadium with tungsten, zirconium, and titanium leads to an increase in the amount of retained hydrogen. The effect of titanium content on hydrogen retention is found to be nonmonotonic; the phenomenon is explained from a physical view point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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45. NANOPARTICLES AS AGENTS FOR TARGETED DELIVERY IN THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES.

Author

Sernov L. N., Bogachev I. A., and Avtina T. V.

Subjects
NANOPARTICLES, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, PATHOLOGY, INFLAMMATION, CHEMOKINES
Abstract

Inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation is the cornerstone of CVD. Systemic inflammation can lead to activation of the endothelium characterized by increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines (e.g., vascular adhesion molecules [VCAM] and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP-1]), as well as reduced expression of anti-atherogenic molecules. Statins are the most effective treatment for hyperlipidemia and remain the gold standard for the treatment of vascular inflammation and CVD. New strategies and approaches to targeted delivery of drugs. These approaches are mainly based on two main aspects: 1) pharmaceutical composition which allows to encapsulate therapeutic agents; 2) surface functionalization with the help of a target agent (i.e., antibodies and small molecules) for drug delivery to endothelium. Nanostructured mesoporous silicon vectors (MSV) charged with 10-nm polymer micelles are used as a tool for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Another approach is the development of carriers that are analogues of natural adhesion molecules (CAM) or selectin ligands. The strategy of treatment of cardiovascular diseases with preparations based on nanoparticles. For the visualization of atherosclerotic plaques, nanoparticles conjugated with indium (111In) based on antibodies bound to LOX-1 receptors of low density were used in mice. New ideas and opportunities for drug development. 1) development of carrier-based microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses), or cells (e.g. leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets and stem cells); 2) development of nanoparticles with analogues of biologically active molecules that bind to cell membranes. Additional approaches include lacto-glycolic acid polymers (PLGA). Another approach to delivering drugs to the endothelium is to create a nanocapsule based on high molecular weight polymers with a nucleus containing a drug substance. This may allow switching from a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model to a one-cell model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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