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4. Interactions between U and V sex chromosomes during the life cycle of Ectocarpus.

Author

Vigneau, Jeromine, Martinho, Claudia, Godfroy, Olivier, Min Zheng, Haas, Fabian B., Borg, Michael, and Coelho, Susana M.

Subjects
SEX chromosomes, LIFE cycles (Biology), PLANT life cycles, TRANSCRIPTION factors, SEX determination, GENETIC sex determination
Abstract

In many animals and flowering plants, sex determination occurs in the diploid phase of the life cycle with XX/XY or ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes. However, in early diverging plants and most macroalgae, sex is determined by female (U) or male (V) sex chromosomes in a haploid phase called the gametophyte. Once the U and V chromosomes unite at fertilization to produce a diploid sporophyte, sex determination no longer occurs, raising key questions about the fate of the U and V sex chromosomes in the sporophyte phase. Here, we investigate genetic and molecular interactions of the UV sex chromosomes in both the haploid and diploid phases of the brown alga Ectocarpus. We reveal extensive developmental regulation of sex chromosome genes across its life cycle and implicate the TALE-HD transcription factor OUROBOROS in suppressing sex determination in the diploid phase. Small RNAs may also play a role in the repression of a female sex-linked gene, and transition to the diploid sporophyte coincides with major reconfiguration of histone H3K79me2, suggesting a more intricate role for this histone mark in Ectocarpus development than previously appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved programmes underpinning organogenesis and reproduction in land plants

Author

Julca, Irene, Ferrari, Camilla, Flores-Tornero, María, Proost, Sebastian, Lindner, Ann-Cathrin, Hackenberg, Dieter, Steinbachová, Lenka, Michaelidis, Christos, Gomes Pereira, Sónia, Misra, Chandra Shekhar, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Borg, Michael, Berger, Frédéric, Goldberg, Jacob, Johnson, Mark, Honys, David, Twell, David, Sprunck, Stefanie, Dresselhaus, Thomas, Becker, Jörg D., and Mutwil, Marek

Published
2021
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6. Charting a course for global progress in PIDs by 2030 — proceedings from the IPOPI global multi-stakeholders’ summit (September 2023).

Author

Van Coillie, Samya, Prévot, Johan, Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia, Lowe, David M., Borg, Michael, Autran, Brigitte, Segundo, Gesmar, Pecoraro, Antonio, Garcelon, Nicolas, Boersma, Cornelis, Silva, Susana L., Drabwell, Jose, Quinti, Isabella, Meyts, Isabelle, Ali, Adli, Burns, Siobhan O., van Hagen, Martin, Pergent, Martine, and Mahlaoui, Nizar

Subjects
PANDEMIC preparedness, PRIMARY immunodeficiency diseases, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, CRISIS management
Abstract

The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI) held its second Global Multi-Stakeholders’ Summit, an annual stimulating and forward-thinking meeting uniting experts to anticipate pivotal upcoming challenges and opportunities in the field of primary immunodeficiency (PID). The 2023 summit focused on three key identified discussion points: (i) How can immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy meet future personalized patient needs? (ii) Pandemic preparedness: what’s next for public health and potential challenges for the PID community? (iii) Diagnosing PIDs in 2030: what needs to happen to diagnose better and to diagnose more? Clinician-Scientists, patient representatives and other stakeholders explored avenues to improve Ig therapy through mechanistic insights and tailored Ig preparations/products according to patient-specific needs and local exposure to infectious agents, amongst others. Urgency for pandemic preparedness was discussed, as was the threat of shortage of antibiotics and increasing antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for representation of PID patients and other vulnerable populations throughout crisis and care management. Discussion also covered the complexities of PID diagnosis, addressing issues such as global diagnostic disparities, the integration of patient-reported outcome measures, and the potential of artificial intelligence to increase PID diagnosis rates and to enhance diagnostic precision. These proceedings outline the outcomes and recommendations arising from the 2023 IPOPI Global Multi-Stakeholders’ Summit, offering valuable insights to inform future strategies in PID management and care. Integral to this initiative is its role in fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders to prepare for the multiple challenges facing the global PID community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Transportation capacity for patients with highly infectious diseases in Europe: a survey in 16 nations

Author

Vetter, Norbert, Kojouharova, Mira, Parmakova, Kremena, Skinhoej, Peter, Siikamaki, Heli, Perronne, Christian, Adrami, Olga, Lambert, John, Lanini, Simone, Hemmer, Robert, Borg, Michael, Fjellet, Anne Lise, Brantsæter, Arne Broch, Horban, Andrzej, Strle, Franc, Trilla, Antoni, Schilling, S., Maltezou, H.C., Fusco, F.M., De Iaco, G., Brodt, H.-R., Bannister, B., Brouqui, P., Carson, G., Puro, V., Gottschalk, R., and Ippolito, G.

Published
2019
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10. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Author

Strauss, Reinhild, Mertens, Karl, Struyf, Thomas, Catry, Boudewijn, Latour, Katrien, Ivanov, Ivan N, Dobreva, Elina G, Tambic Andraševic, Arjana, Soprek, Silvija, Budimir, Ana, Paphitou, Niki, Žemlicková, Helena, Schytte Olsen, Stefan, Wolff Sönksen, Ute, Märtin, Pille, Ivanova, Marina, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Jalava, Jari, Coignard, Bruno, Eckmanns, Tim, Abu Sin, Muna, Haller, Sebastian, Daikos, George L, Gikas, Achilleas, Tsiodras, Sotirios, Kontopidou, Flora, Tóth, Ákos, Hajdu, Ágnes, Guólaugsson, Ólafur, Kristinsson, Karl G, Murchan, Stephen, Burns, Karen, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Gagliotti, Carlo, Dumpis, Uga, Liuimiene, Agne, Perrin, Monique, Borg, Michael A, de Greeff, Sabine C, Monen, Jos CM, Koek, Mayke BG, Elstrøm, Petter, Zabicka, Dorota, Deptula, Aleksander, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Caniça, Manuela, Nogueira, Paulo Jorge, Fernandes, Paulo André, Manageiro, Vera, Popescu, Gabriel A, Serban, Roxana I, Schréterová, Eva, Litvová, Slavka, Štefkovicová, Mária, Kolman, Jana, Klavs, Irena, Korošec, Aleš, Aracil, Belén, Asensio, Angel, Pérez-Vázquez, María, Billström, Hanna, Larsson, Sofie, Reilly, Jacqui S, Johnson, Alan, Hopkins, Susan, Cassini, Alessandro, Högberg, Liselotte Diaz, Plachouras, Diamantis, Quattrocchi, Annalisa, Hoxha, Ana, Simonsen, Gunnar Skov, Colomb-Cotinat, Mélanie, Kretzschmar, Mirjam E, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Cecchini, Michele, Ouakrim, Driss Ait, Oliveira, Tiago Cravo, Struelens, Marc J, Suetens, Carl, and Monnet, Dominique L

Published
2019
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13. Health-care-associated infections in neonates, children, and adolescents: an analysis of paediatric data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control point-prevalence survey

Author

Almeida, Maria, Asembergiene, Jolanta, Borg, Michael A., Budimir, Ana, Cairns, Shona, Cunney, Robert, Deptula, Aleksander, Berciano, Pilar Gallego, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Hadjiloucas, Avgi, Hammami, Naïma, Harrison, Wendy, Heisbourg, Elisabeth, Kolman, Jana, Kontopidou, Flora, Kristensen, Brian, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Märtin, Pille, McIlvenny, Gerry, Moro, Maria Luisa, Piening, Brar, Presterl, Elisabeth, Serban, Roxana, Smid, Emma, Sorknes, Nina K., Stefkovicova, Maria, Sviestina, Inese, Szabo, Rita, Tkadlecova, Hana, Vatcheva-Dobrevska, Rossitza, VerjatTrannoy, Delphine, Zingg, Walter, Hopkins, Susan, Gayet-Ageron, Angèle, Holmes, Alison, Sharland, Mike, and Suetens, Carl

Published
2017
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16. OC5 Project Phase Ib: Validation of Hydrodynamic Loading on a Fixed, Flexible Cylinder for Offshore Wind Applications

Author

Robertson, Amy N., Wendt, Fabian, Jonkman, Jason M., Popko, Wojciech, Borg, Michael, Bredmose, Henrik, Schlutter, Flemming, Qvist, Jacob, Bergua, Roger, Harries, Rob, Yde, Anders, Nygaard, Tor Anders, Vaal, Jacobus Bernardus de, Oggiano, Luca, Bozonnet, Pauline, Bouy, Ludovic, Sanchez, Carlos Barrera, García, Raul Guanche, Bachynski, Erin E., Tu, Ying, Bayati, Ilmas, Borisade, Friedemann, Shin, Hyunkyoung, van der Zee, Tjeerd, and Guerinel, Matthieu

Published
2016
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17. Red macroalgae in the genomic era.

Author

Borg, Michael, Krueger‐Hadfield, Stacy A., Destombe, Christophe, Collén, Jonas, Lipinska, Agnieszka, and Coelho, Susana M.

Subjects
*RED algae, *MULTICELLULAR organisms, *MARINE algae, *ENDOSYMBIOSIS, *CENTRIOLES, *PLASTIDS
Abstract

Summary: Rhodophyta (or red algae) are a diverse and species‐rich group that forms one of three major lineages in the Archaeplastida, a eukaryotic supergroup whose plastids arose from a single primary endosymbiosis. Red algae are united by several features, such as relatively small intron‐poor genomes and a lack of cytoskeletal structures associated with motility like flagella and centrioles, as well as a highly efficient photosynthetic capacity. Multicellular red algae (or macroalgae) are one of the earliest diverging eukaryotic lineages to have evolved complex multicellularity, yet despite their ecological, evolutionary, and commercial importance, they have remained a largely understudied group of organisms. Considering the increasing availability of red algal genome sequences, we present a broad overview of fundamental aspects of red macroalgal biology and posit on how this is expected to accelerate research in many domains of red algal biology in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Transcription factor DUO1 generated by neo-functionalization is associated with evolution of sperm differentiation in plants

Author

Higo, Asuka, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Borg, Michael, Zhao, Mingmin, López-Vidriero, Irene, Sakayama, Hidetoshi, Montgomery, Sean A., Sekimoto, Hiroyuki, Hackenberg, Dieter, Shimamura, Masaki, Nishiyama, Tomoaki, Sakakibara, Keiko, Tomita, Yuki, Togawa, Taisuke, Kunimoto, Kan, Osakabe, Akihisa, Suzuki, Yutaka, Yamato, Katsuyuki T., Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Kohchi, Takayuki, Franco-Zorrilla, José M., Twell, David, Berger, Frédéric, and Araki, Takashi

Published
2018
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24. Red algae.

Author

Borg, Michael

Subjects
*RED algae, *MARINE algae
Abstract

Borg introduces the red algae — the largest living group of seaweeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Perceptions of organizational culture among infection preventionists in Israel, the United States, and Thailand: Results from national infection prevention surveys.

Author

Greene, M. Todd, Borg, Michael A., Schwaber, Mitchell J., Najjar-Debbiny, Ronza, Apisarnthanarak, Anucha, and Saint, Sanjay

Abstract

In national surveys of infection preventionists in Israel (n = 15), the United States (n = 415), and Thailand (n = 100), we found that views of organizational culture track well with these countries' cultural dimension scores of power distance and individualism. Our findings highlight the importance of considering cultural dimensions when implementing infection prevention efforts. • Organizational culture can influence infection prevention and infection rates. • Infection preventionist organizational views align with national culture scores. • Consider cultural dimensions when implementing infection prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. A Trendline and Predictive Analysis of the First-Wave COVID-19 Infections in Malta.

Author

Borg, Mitchell G. and Borg, Michael A.

Subjects
COVID-19 testing, SOCIAL distancing, WORK environment, WEIBULL distribution, GOODNESS-of-fit tests
Abstract

Following the first COVID-19 infected cases, Malta rapidly imposed strict lockdown measures, including restrictions on international travel, together with national social distancing measures, such as prohibition of public gatherings and closure of workplaces. The study aimed to elucidate the effect of the intervention and relaxation of the social distancing measures upon the infection rate by means of a trendline analysis of the daily case data. In addition, the study derived a predictive model by fitting historical data of the SARS-CoV-2 positive cases within a two-parameter Weibull distribution, whilst incorporating swab-testing rates, to forecast the infection rate at minute computational expense. The trendline analysis portrayed the wave of infection to fit within a tri-phasic pattern, where the primary phase was imposed with social measure interventions. Following the relaxation of public measures, the two latter phases transpired, where the two peaks resolved without further escalation of national measures. The derived forecasting model attained accurate predictions of the daily infected cases, attaining a high goodness-of-fit, utilising uncensored government-official infection-rate and swabbing-rate data within the first COVID-19 wave in Malta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in humans, Europe

Author

van Cleef, Brigitte A.G.L., Monnet, Dominique L., Voss, Andreas, Krziwanek, Karina, Allerberger, Franz, Struelens, Marc, Zemlickova, Helena, Skov, Robert L., Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana, Cuny, Christiane, Friedrich, Alexander W., Spiliopoulou, Iris, Paszti, Judit, Hardardottir, Hjordis, Rossney, Angela, Pan, Angelo, Pantosti, Annalisa, Borg, Michael, Grundmann, Hajo, Mueller-Premru, Manica, Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro, Widmer, Andreas, Harbarth, Stephan, Schweiger, Alexander, Unal, Serhat, and Kluytmans, Jan A.J.W.

Subjects
Cross infection -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Nosocomial infections -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Cattle -- Diseases and pests -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Health
Abstract

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first associated with human disease in 2003, when a MRSA clone associated with a reservoir in pigs and cattle was isolated from a human. [...]

Published
2011
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46. General Practitioners', Pharmacists' and Parents' Views on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Malta: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Author

Saleh, Hager Ali, Borg, Michael A., Stålsby Lundborg, Cecilia, and Saliba-Gustafsson, Erika A.

Subjects
GENERAL practitioners, DRUG resistance in bacteria, ANTIBIOTIC overuse, PARENTS, PHARMACISTS
Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) remains a global health threat that requires urgent action. Antibiotic use is a key driver of ABR and is particularly problematic in the outpatient setting. General practitioners (GPs), the public, and pharmacists therefore play an important role in safeguarding antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the antibiotic prescribing-use-dispensation dynamic in Malta from the perspective of GPs, pharmacists, and parents; Methods: we conducted 8 focus groups with 8 GPs, 24 pharmacists, and 18 parents between 2014 and 2016. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analysis; Results: Awareness on antibiotic overuse and ABR was generally high among interviewees although antibiotic use was thought to be improving. Despite this, some believed that antibiotic demand, non-compliance, and over-the-counter dispensing are still a problem. Nevertheless, interviewees believed that the public is more accepting of alternative strategies, such as delayed antibiotic prescription. Both GPs and pharmacists were enthusiastic about their roles as patient educators in raising knowledge and awareness in this context; Conclusions: While antibiotic use and misuse, and knowledge and awareness, were perceived to have improved in Malta, our study suggests that even though stakeholders indicated willingness to drive change, there is still much room for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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