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Abstract Natural products exhibit interesting structural features and significant biological activities. The discovery of new bioactive molecules is a complex process that requires high-quality metabolite profiling data to properly target the isolation of compounds of interest and enable their complete structural characterization. The same metabolite profiling data can also be used to better understand chemotaxonomic links between species. This Data Descriptor details a dataset resulting from the untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling of 76 natural extracts of the Celastraceae family. The spectral annotation results and related chemical and taxonomic metadata are shared, along with proposed examples of data reuse. This data can be further studied by researchers exploring the chemical diversity of natural products. This can serve as a reference sample set for deep metabolome investigation of this chemically rich plant family.

ABSTRACT National standardization of ecological sampling protocols between different agencies in Aotearoa New Zealand has historically been difficult to attain, creating challenges for combining datasets for national scale analyses. The introduction of new methods for biological monitoring, such as environmental DNA (eDNA), presents an opportunity to standardize aquatic sampling protocols prior to widespread adoption. The objective of this study was to optimize eDNA sample replication for the consistent characterization of freshwater fish and macroinvertebrate communities in flowing waters, and ultimately, to inform the development of robust national monitoring standards. A comparison of field replication and extraction methods (pooling of preservation buffer) was also trialed as part of this high replication (n = 16) eDNA study to assess any potential benefits in measuring species richness and reducing processing costs alongside replication optimisation. This involved two ‘syringe’ sampling methods (‘standard’ and ‘boosted’, eight each) conducted across 54 riverine sites throughout the country. No significant difference was found for species richness between the standardized (eight replicates) or boosted (16 replicates composited to eight) eDNA methods for fish and macroinvertebrates. Results indicated that six replicates were needed to consistently detect 89.5% of fish species likely to be present using field‐based syringe eDNA sampling and preservation. However, an altitudinal species richness effect was observed for fish. For macroinvertebrates, six replicates were required to identify 86% of taxa identified to the NEMS (National Environmental Monitoring Standards) level used for the Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI: usually genera) while eight replicates were required to detect 89% of NEMS taxa. For fish and macroinvertebrate biodiversity, this study suggests that six replicates are a reasonable trade‐off between effective community characterization and cost in New Zealand lotic systems.

O artigo buscou compreender a percepção de servidores públicos de uma instituição federal de ensino superior acerca do trabalho realizado em colaboração com a prefeitura municipal, na atuação assistencial durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa que realizou entrevistas com 15 profissionais. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se Análise de Conteúdo, apoiada pelo software Iramuteq, e deles emergiram duas categorias temáticas: “Sentimento em relação ao deslocamento momentâneo da função” e “Compreensão sobre postura institucional para que as atividades acontecessem”, cada uma com suas subcategorias. O estudo aponta que, mesmo com fatores de proteção e motivação para o trabalho realizado, os momentos críticos que envolveram a saúde pública causaram danos emocionais nos profissionais que atuaram nessas circunstâncias e a busca por apoio psicológico deve ser sempre encorajada e disponibilizada em caso de necessidade.

In natural products (NPs) research, methods for the efficient prioritization of natural extracts (NEs) are key for discovering novel bioactive NPs. In this study a biodiverse collection of 1,600 NEs, previously analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS2 metabolite profiling was screened for Wnt pathway regulation. The results of the biological screening drove the selection of a subset of 30 non-toxic NEs with an inhibitory IC50 ≤ 5 μg/mL. To increase the chance of finding structurally novel bioactive NPs, Inventa, a computational tool for automated scoring of NEs based on structural novelty was used to mine the HRMS2 analysis and dereplication results. After this, four out of the 30 bioactive NEs were shortlisted by this approach. The most promising sample was the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Hymenocardia punctata (Phyllanthaceae). Further phytochemical investigations of this species resulted in the isolation of three known prenylated flavones (3, 5, 7) and ten novel bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-diones (1, 2, 4, 6, 8–13), named Hymenotamayonins. Assessment of the Wnt inhibitory activity of these compounds revealed that two prenylated flavones and three novel bicyclic compounds showed interesting activity without apparent cytotoxicity. This study highlights the potential of combining Inventa’s structural novelty scores with biological screening results to effectively discover novel bioactive NPs in large NE collections.

Antibiotics resistance is a clear threat to the future of current tuberculosis treatments like rifampicin, prompting the need for new treatment options in this field. While plants can offer a plethora of chemical diversity in their constitutive natural products to tackle this issue, finding potentially bioactive compounds in them has not always proven to be that simple. Classical bioactivity-guided fractionation approaches are still trendy, but they bear significant shortfalls, like their time-consuming nature as well as the ever-increasing risk of isolating known bioactive compounds. In this regard, we have developed an alternative method to the latter approach that allows for natural derivatives of a known bioactive scaffold to be efficiently targeted and isolated within a large library of plant extracts. Hence our approach allows for the anticipation of bioactive structure independently of preliminary bioassays. By relying on the chemical diversity of a set of 1,600 plant extracts analyzed by HRMS/MS, we were able to isolate and characterize several minor derivatives of a previously reported bioactive aza-anthraquinone compound from Cananga brandisiana, selected within the plant set. Assessment of bioactivity on these derivatives (especially onychine, with an IC50 value of 39 µM in infection) confirmed their expected activity on Mycobacterium marinum in our anti-infective assay. This proof-of-concept study has established an original path towards bioactive compounds isolation, with the advantage of potentially highlighting minor bioactive compounds, whose activity may not even be detectable at the extract level.

Abstract Palaeontological animal bone deposits are rarely investigated through research partnerships where the local First Nations communities have a defining hand in both the research questions asked and the research processes. Here we report research undertaken through such a partnership approach at the iconic archaeological site of Cloggs Cave (GunaiKurnai Country, East Gippsland), in the southern foothills of SE Australia's Great Dividing Range. A new excavation was combined with detailed chronometric dating, high‐resolution 3D mapping and geomorphological studies. This allowed interpretation of a sequence of stratigraphic layers spanning from a lowermost excavated mixed layer dated to between 25,640 and 48,470 cal BP, to a dense set of uppermost, ash layers dated to between 1460 and 3360 cal BP. This long and well‐dated chronostratigraphic sequence enabled temporal trends in the abundant small mammal remains to be examined. The fossil assemblage consists of at least 31 taxa of mammals which change in proportions through time. Despite clear evidence that the Old Ancestors repeatedly carried vegetation into the cave to fuel cool fires (no visible vegetation grows in Cloggs Cave), we observed little to no evidence of cooking fires or calcined bone, suggesting that people had little involvement with the accumulation of the faunal remains. Small mammal bones were most likely deposited in the cave by large disc‐faced owls, Tyto novaehollandae (Masked Owl) or Tyto tenebricosa (Sooty Owl). Despite being well dated and largely undisturbed, the Cloggs Cave assemblage does not appear to track known Late Quaternary environmental change. Instead, the complex geomorphology of the area fostered a vegetation mosaic that supported mammals with divergent habitat preferences. The faunal deposit suggests a local ancestral landscape characterised by a resilient mosaic of habitats that persisted over thousands of years, signalling that the Old Ancestors burned landscape fires to encourage and manage patches of different vegetation types and ages within and through periods of climate change. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Em 2020, a Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a Gestão Municipal implementaram o projeto de extensão Telessaúde Covid para o enfrentamento da pandemia. O objetivo é fazer uma análise descritiva dos quatorze meses de atuação do projeto. Realizou-se análise descritiva da caracterização sociodemográfica, clínico-epidemiológica e indicadores do serviço. Foram atendidos 6.898 pacientes, predominando o gênero feminino e adultos jovens. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram cefaleia, tosse, coriza, dor de garganta, dor muscular e febre. O RT-PCR foi o teste realizado pela maioria e 31,6% dos pacientes foram positivos. O serviço concluiu o encerramento de 91,5% dos atendimentos. O Telessaúde Covid foi relevante para o contingenciamento da Covid-19, com número expressivo de atendimentos, e contemplou a missão social da universidade pública, transformando o modelo assistencial e reorientando o processo de formação e ação profissional de estudantes e profissionais de saúde.

A recent and growing concern in environmental studies is the presence of antibiotics in wastewater, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance building. Amoxicillin, according to the World Health Organization, is one of the most consumed antibiotics worldwide, for being a first line therapy for common infections. Among several drug degradation methodologies, electron beam irradiation (EBI) is presented as an efficient and green treatment. This work presents data on amoxicillin degradation via EBI. Ecotoxicity essays were performed employing Vibrio fischeri, carbon removal efficiency was evaluated by TOC and degradation rate by LC/MS-MS. Chromatographic results indicate a 97.9% drug concentration reduction after 0.75 kGy; TOC results indicate 10% carbon removal at 3.0 kGy; toxicity assays indicate 80% in removal of toxicity at 0.75 kGy and a decrease in efficiency with higher doses. In conclusion, results indicate the 0.75 kGy as most effective for drug removal employing EBI.

Collections of natural extracts hold potential for the discovery of novel natural products with original modes of action. The prioritization of extracts from collections remains challenging due to the lack of a workflow that combines multiple-source information to facilitate the data interpretation. Results from different analytical techniques and literature reports need to be organized, processed, and interpreted to enable optimal decision-making for extracts prioritization. Here, we introduce Inventa, a computational tool that highlights the structural novelty potential within extracts, considering untargeted mass spectrometry data, spectral annotation, and literature reports. Based on this information, Inventa calculates multiple scores that inform their structural potential. Thus, Inventa has the potential to accelerate new natural products discovery. Inventa was applied to a set of plants from the Celastraceae family as a proof of concept. The Pristimera indica (Willd.) A.C.Sm roots extract was highlighted as a promising source of potentially novel compounds. Its phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and de novo characterization of thirteen new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes, five of them presenting a new 9-oxodihydro-β-agarofuran base scaffold.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a completude das notificações de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na base de dados nacional e na base da Unidade Regional de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo da completude das variáveis sociodemográficas e das relativas à etiologia, condição clínica, evolução e critérios diagnósticos do SIVEP-Gripe. O nível de completude foi classificado como excelente (> 95%), bom (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), ruim (50% a 80%) ou muito ruim (< 50%). Resultados: O percentual de variáveis com completude excelente foi de apenas 18,1% na base de dados nacional, e de 27,8% na base de dados regional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixa completude de ambas as bases de dados do SIVEP-Gripe, tornando-se necessários aperfeiçoamentos no processo de trabalho e capacitações rotineiras dos profissionais para o correto preenchimento.

Abstract Insects form an important source of food for many people around the world, but little is known of the deep-time history of insect harvesting from the archaeological record. In Australia, early settler writings from the 1830s to mid-1800s reported congregations of Aboriginal groups from multiple clans and language groups taking advantage of the annual migration of Bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) in and near the Australian Alps, the continent’s highest mountain range. The moths were targeted as a food item for their large numbers and high fat contents. Within 30 years of initial colonial contact, however, the Bogong moth festivals had ceased until their recent revival. No reliable archaeological evidence of Bogong moth exploitation or processing has ever been discovered, signalling a major gap in the archaeological history of Aboriginal groups. Here we report on microscopic remains of ground and cooked Bogong moths on a recently excavated grindstone from Cloggs Cave, in the southern foothills of the Australian Alps. These findings represent the first conclusive archaeological evidence of insect foods in Australia, and, as far as we know, of their remains on stone artefacts in the world. They provide insights into the antiquity of important Aboriginal dietary practices that have until now remained archaeologically invisible.

O transporte público oportuniza o acesso às experiências e aos espaços de lazer, nos centros urbanos para as comunidades periféricas, democratizando os bens culturais da/na cidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o ciclo político da “Tarifa Domingueira”, da cidade de Curitiba-Paraná, que incentivava o uso do transporte público para o lazer. Utilizou-se da pesquisa documental, para efetuar a investigação e análise da Domingueira, da implantação à extinção do programa. Conclui-se que o ciclo político foi regido pelos interesses das diferentes gestões, atores políticos, instituições público-privadas diretamente ligadas ao sistema de transporte e à gestão da cidade, porém, pouca intervenção de grupos sociais organizados. Assim, faz-se necessário fomentar a participação da sociedade civil nos ciclos políticos para fomentar a participação democrática na política e o acesso aos bens culturais.

Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology Sections, with contributions from a number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a “position statement” on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.

A produção acadêmica no campo do Lazer é uma área de conhecimento que contribui para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Assim, este artigo como objetivo investigar a produção científica sobre Políticas Públicas de Lazer, no contexto brasileiro, a partir de uma base de dados multidisciplinar. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e análise bibliométrica, a partir do repositório digital Scopus (Elsevier) e o programa VOSViewer para análise. Constatou-se que as principais pesquisas e periódicos no campo selecionado, na área das Ciências Sociais, são derivadas do subcampo da Educação Física. De maneira geral, os artigos que tratam do subtema categorizado “programas” de lazer, discutem sobre as desinvestimento e descontinuidades em tais políticas públicas; e sugerem mais investimento na formação dos agentes, em todo ciclo político, ampliando a compreensão do lazer na política e na sociedade.

A new quality assurance framework was developed to assess the reliability of 14C ages from a small-scale legacy dataset from archaeological sites across the Torres Strait (northeastern Australia). Chronometric transparency principles were applied across three stages of data analysis, comprising of a basic, immediate, and advanced assessment of the 14C ages and associated metadata. Reliability ratings (1*, 2*, 3*, and 4*) were assigned to represent data confidence in individual radiocarbon ages. Results demonstrate the utility of radiocarbon ages of high, medium, and low reliability in creating chronological reconstructions. We determine that of the 343 14C ages, 73% were awarded a reliability rating of 3* or above.

Introduction: The consumption of a population can be related to socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle factors, and its quality can be assessed according to the degree of food processing proposed by the NOVA Classification. Objective: Assess food consumption according to the degree of processing among users of primary health care in relation to socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle conditions. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between September 2019 and March 2020, with adults and elderly users of primary health care in the city of Guidoval-MG. We elaborated a structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and demographic variables and a qualitative food frequency questionnaire, in which foods were classified according to the NOVA classification. We made Poisson regression with robust variance, remaining in the final model as variables with a significance level of less than 5%. We used the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval as measure of effect. Results: We took 361 requests. We found a higher prevalence of regular consumption of ultra-processed foods among black individuals, living in urban areas, single and with higher socioeconomic status. Higher regular consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods was associated with white skin color, higher educational level and the practice of physical activity. Conclusions: Individual and contextual factors studied influence the consumption of in natura or minimally processed and ultra-processed foods, suggesting the need for greater intervention in specific population groups and emphasizing the importance of adopting a healthy diet.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre o impacto da microbiota adquirida pelo recém-nascido na saúde infantil, conforme a via de nascimento. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, IBECS e CUMED. Para uma indexação mais eficiente das publicações, os filtros foram desenvolvidos para a busca em PubMed de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings. Para pesquisa na BVS, foram usados os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde. Os artigos foram analisados utilizando-se um instrumento de coleta de dados. Resultados: A amostra deste estudo constituiu-se de 21 trabalhos cujas publicações variaram de 2011 a 2018. Verificou-se que os Estados Unidos e a Dinamarca foram os locais com maior número de trabalhos publicados. Conclusão: Foram evidenciados fatores que podem interferir no desenvolvimento de doenças, na infância, em crianças nascidas por cesariana, como asma, dermatite, obesidade, doença intestinal, metabólica e até mesmo alguns tipos de cânceres.

Nawarla Gabarnmang is a major rock art site of northern Australia. Occupied by people for some 50,000 years, it contains an exceptional deposit of stone artefacts including one of the oldest ground-edge stone axes in the world (35,500 years) and an extensively decorated ceiling with close to 1 400 paintings in multiple panels and with numerous superpositions. The earliest evidence of art dates to 27,000­–26,000 years ago—an excavated broken piece of painted rock—with the most recent art dating to the late 19th-early 20th century. The site’s interdisciplinary study has shed information on the decorated panels, and from the excavations a robust cultural chronology has been revealed. Archaeomorphology has allowed us to understand the history of the site’s wall and ceiling configurations, surfaces on which the art is found: under its vast overhang, multiple ceiling and more that 50 rock pillars are found. Their study showed that the site’s morphology was crafted by people: it is, in effect, an architectural construct. Archaeomorphological research has enabled the recovery of human actions underlying the site that we see today.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: avaliar o uso de uterotônico em parturientes primíparas durante o terceiro período de trabalho de parto, segundo via de nascimento e fatores assistenciais associados, em uma maternidade de um município Zona da Mata Mineira. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com 222 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas. A análise descritiva foi realizada mediante frequências relativas e absolutas. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para identificar as diferenças estatísticas relacionadas ao uso do uterotônico, tendo em vista as características sociodemográficas e a assistência obstétrica. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para estimar as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada. RESULTADO: mais de 80% das puérperas receberam uterotônico independentemente da via de administração. Após ajustes por características sociodemográficas, identificou-se que: não estar em trabalho de parto na internação; ter tido parto normal; amamentar na sala de parto; ter acompanhante na sala de parto; ter contato pele a pele; e receber massagem para extração da placenta foram condições associados ao uso do uterotônico intramuscular. Evidenciou-se que: ter sido submetida à cesariana; não amamentar na sala de parto; não receber contato pele a pele; e não ser submetida à massagem para extração da placenta associaram-se ao uso intravenoso. CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que fatores da assistência obstétrica estão associados à aplicação de uterotônico em parturientes primíparas durante o terceiro período de trabalho de parto, independentemente da via de administração, e que seu uso é uma medida realizada para o manejo do terceiro período do trabalho de parto.

This database includes over 7,100 georeferenced occurrence records of sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) obtained from samples collected in the Southern Ocean (+180°W/+180°E; -35°/-78°S) during oceanographic cruises led over 150 years, from 1872 to 2015. Echinoids are common organisms of Southern Ocean benthic communities. A total of 201 species is recorded, which display contrasting depth ranges and distribution patterns across austral provinces and bioregions. Echinoid species show various ecological traits including different nutrition and reproductive strategies. Information on taxonomy, sampling sites, and sampling sources are also made available. Environmental descriptors that are relevant to echinoid ecology are also made available for the study area (-180°W/+180°E; -45°/-78°S) and for the following decades: 1955–1964, 1965–1974, 1975–1984, 1985–1994 and 1995–2012. They were compiled from different sources and transformed to the same grid cell resolution of 0.1° per pixel. We also provide future projections for environmental descriptors established based on the Bio-Oracle database (Tyberghein et al. 2012).

El abuso de drogas es un fenómeno complejo, multifactorial y afecta a niños y adolescentes. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la búsqueda de evidencia científica para la comprensión de la relación entre el consumo de crack y otras drogas por niños y adolescentes y la familia. La metodología utilizada ha sido la revisión integrativa. Las bases analizadas fueron: MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, BDENF e IBECS. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: cocaína, crack, familia y relaciones familiares. Se encontraron tres categorías: El ambiente familiar como un elemento de protección o de mayor facilidad para el uso de crack y otras drogas; La ignorancia y las repercusiones del uso de crack y otras drogas en el ambiente familiar; Las redes de apoyo a las familias y al enfrentamiento al consumo de drogas. El ambiente familiar es un factor de protección para el consumo de drogas, sin embargo se debe abordar el tema del consumo de drogas, fortalecer las redes sociales y abordar la prevención.

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar os fatores associados à autoaplicação de insulina em adultos com Diabetes Mellitus. MÉTODO Estudo transversal desenvolvido no município de Viçosa-MG, que avaliou 142 pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre abril e julho de 2013 mediante entrevista no domicílio do participante. Regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada. RESULTADO A prevalência de autoaplicação de insulina foi de 67,6%, apresentando associação com idade entre 57 e 68 anos (OR = 0,3; IC95%: 0,1 - 0,9), conviver com companheiro e filhos (OR = 2,5; IC95%: 1,1 - 5,0), ter 9 anos ou mais de estudo (OR = 8,4; IC95%: 1,9 - 37,9), morar em área não coberta pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1 - 7,0). CONCLUSÃO Autoaplicação de insulina mostrou-se associada à idade, escolaridade, situação conjugal e cobertura da ESF. O reconhecimento desses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para adesão à autoaplicação de insulina.

One of the most relevant characteristics of the extant Southern Ocean fauna is its resiliency to survive glacial processes of the Quaternary. These climatic events produced catastrophic habitat reductions and forced some marine benthic species to move, adapt or go extinct. The marine benthic species inhabiting the Antarctic upper continental shelf faced the Quaternary glaciations with different strategies that drastically modified population sizes and thus affected the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation. Here we present new genetic information for the most conspicuous regular sea urchin of the Antarctic continental shelf, Sterechinus neumayeri. We studied the patterns of genetic diversity and structure in this broadcast-spawner across three Antarctic regions: Antarctic Peninsula, the Weddell Sea and Adélie Land in East Antarctica. Genetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers suggested that S. neumayeri is a single genetic unit around the Antarctic continent. The species is characterized by low levels of genetic diversity and exhibits a typical star-like haplotype genealogy that supports the hypothesis of a single in situ refugium. Based on two mutation rates standardized for this genus, the Bayesian Skyline plot analyses detected a rapid demographic expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum. We propose a scenario of rapid postglacial expansion and recolonization of Antarctic shallow areas from a less ice-impacted refugium where the species survived the LGM. Considering the patterns of genetic diversity and structure recorded in the species, this refugium was probably located in East Antarctica.

Phytochemical extracts are highly complex chemical mixtures. In the context of an increasing demand for phytopharmaceuticals, assessment of the phytochemical equivalence of extraction procedures is of utmost importance. Compared to routine analytical methods, comprehensive metabolite profiling has pushed forward the concept of phytochemical equivalence. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic approach was used to cross-compare four marketed extracts from Serenoa repens obtained with three different extraction processes: ethanolic, hexanic and sCO2 (supercritical carbon dioxide). Our approach involved a biphasic extraction of native compounds followed by liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomic workflow. Our results showed significant differences in the contents of major and minor compounds according to the extraction solvent used. The analyses showed that ethanolic extracts were supplemented in phosphoglycerides and polyphenols, hexanic extracts had higher amounts of free fatty acids and minor compounds, and sCO2 samples contained more glycerides. The discriminant model in this study could predict the extraction solvent used in commercial samples and highlighted the specific biomarkers of each process. This metabolomic survey allowed the authors to assess the phytochemical content of extracts and finished products of S. repens and unequivocally established that sCO2, hexanic and ethanolic extracts are not chemically equivalent and are therefore unlikely to be pharmacologically equivalent.

This dataset inventories occurrence records of fossil echinoid specimens collected in the Calcaires à Spatangues Formation (CSF) that crops out in the southeast of the Paris Basin (France), and is dated from the Acanthodiscus radiatus chronozone (ca. 132 Ma, early Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous). Fossil richness and abundance of the CSF has attracted the attention of palaeontologists since the middle of the nineteenth century. This dataset compiles occurrence data (referenced by locality names and geographic coordinates with decimal numbers) of fossil echinoids both collated from the literature published over a century and a half, and completed by data from collection specimens. The dataset also gives information on taxonomy (from species to order and higher taxonomic levels), which has been checked for reliability and consistency. It compiles a total of 628 georeferenced occurrence data of 26 echinoid species represented by 22 genera, 14 families, and 9 orders.

A prevenção do uso de drogas deve ser estimulada e fortalecida. O objetivo do projeto é destacar o trabalho com gestantes visando o fortalecimento do vínculo seguro entre mãe e filho com vistas à prevenção ao uso de álcool e outras drogas. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, desenvolvido pelo PREVIDA, com gestantes vinculadas às Unidades de Saúde da Família do Município de Viçosa, MG. Foi realizado um book fotográfico em períodos da gravidez, com atividades que fortaleciam o vínculo da mãe e o filho. Como resultados, foram realizadas duas sessões fotográficas, sendo a primeira até o quarto mês de gestação e a segunda no oitavo. O potencial das atividades para fortalecimento do vínculo foi evidente. Mantendo os laços coesos, os riscos para a adoção de hábitos de vida impróprios podem ser reduzindo. No contexto da proposta, há redução dos riscos da mãe e do filho adentrarem ao mundo das drogas.

This database includes spatial data of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid distribution (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) collected during many oceanographic campaigns led in the Southern Hemisphere from 1872 to 2010. The dataset lists occurrence data of echinoid distribution south of 35°S latitude, together with information on taxonomy (from species to genus level), sampling sources (cruise ID, sampling dates, ship names) and sampling sites (geographic coordinates and depth). Echinoid occurrence data were compiled from the Antarctic Echinoid Database (David et al., 2005a), which integrates records from oceanographic cruises led in the Southern Ocean until 2003. This database has been upgraded to take into account data from oceanographic cruises led after 2003. The dataset now reaches a total of 6160 occurrence data that have been checked for systematics reliability and consistency. It constitutes today the most complete database on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic echinoids.

Developments of future scenarios of Antarctic ecosystems are still in their infancy, whilst predictions of the physical environment are recognized as being of global relevance and corresponding models are under continuous development. However, in the context of environmental change simulations of the future of the Antarctic biosphere are increasingly demanded by decision makers and the public, and are of fundamental scientific interest. This paper briefly reviews existing predictive models applied to Antarctic ecosystems before providing a conceptual framework for the further development of spatially and temporally explicit ecosystem models. The concept suggests how to improve approaches to relating species’ habitat description to the physical environment, for which a case study on sea urchins is presented. In addition, the concept integrates existing and new ideas to consider dynamic components, particularly information on the natural history of key species, from physiological experiments and biomolecular analyses. Thereby, we identify and critically discuss gaps in knowledge and methodological limitations. These refer to process understanding of biological complexity, the need for high spatial resolution oceanographic data from the entire water column, and the use of data from biomolecular analyses in support of such ecological approaches. Our goal is to motivate the research community to contribute data and knowledge to a holistic, Antarctic-specific, macroecological framework. Such a framework will facilitate the integration of theoretical and empirical work in Antarctica, improving our mechanistic understanding of this globally influential ecoregion, and supporting actions to secure this biodiversity hotspot and its ecosystem services.

Abstract Because of the unique conditions that exist around the Antarctic continent, Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems are very susceptible to the growing impact of global climate change and other anthropogenic influences. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand how SO marine life will cope with expected future changes in the environment. Studies of Antarctic organisms have shown that individual species and higher taxa display different degrees of sensitivity to environmental shifts, making it difficult to predict overall community or ecosystem responses. This emphasizes the need for an improved understanding of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem response to global climate change using a multitaxon approach with consideration of different levels of biological organization. Here, we provide a synthesis of the ability of five important Antarctic benthic taxa (Foraminifera, Nematoda, Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Echinoidea) to cope with changes in the environment (temperature, pH, ice cover, ice scouring, food quantity, and quality) that are linked to climatic changes. Responses from individual to the taxon‐specific community level to these drivers will vary with taxon but will include local species extinctions, invasions of warmer‐water species, shifts in diversity, dominance, and trophic group composition, all with likely consequences for ecosystem functioning. Limitations in our current knowledge and understanding of climate change effects on the different levels are discussed.

Mating systems are diverse in animals, notably in crustaceans, but can be inferred from a limited set of parameters. Baeza and Thiel (2007) proposed a model predicting mating systems of symbiotic crustaceans with three host characteristics and the risk of predation. These authors proposed five mating systems, ranging from monogamy to polygynandry (where multiple mating occurs for both genders). Using microsatellite loci, we tested the putatively mating system of the ectoparasite crab Dissodactylus primitivus. We determined the mating frequencies of males and females, parentage assignment (COLONY & GERUD software) as well as the contents of female spermathecae. Our results are globally consistent with the model of Baeza and Thiel and showed, together with previous aquarium experiments, that this ectoparasite evolved a polygamous mating system where males and females move between hosts for mate search. Parentage analyses revealed that polyandry is frequent and concerns more than 60% of clutches, with clutches being fertilized by up to 6 different fathers. Polygyny is supported by the detection of eight males having sired two different broods. We also detected a significant paternity skew in 92% of the multipaternal broods. Moreover, this skew is probably higher than the estimation from the brood because additional alleles were detected in most of spermathecae. This high skew could be explained by several factors as sperm competition or cryptic female choice. Our genetic data, combined with previous anatomic analyses, provide consistent arguments to suggest sperm precedence in D. primitivus.

Eighty-one echinoid species are present south of the Antarctic Convergence, and they represent an important component of the benthic fauna. “Antarctic echinoids” is an interactive database synthesising the results of more than 100 years of Antarctic expeditions, and comprising information about all echinoid species. It includes illustrated keys for determination of the species, and information about their morphology and ecology (text, illustrations and glossary) and their distribution (maps and histograms of bathymetrical distribution); the sources of the information (bibliography, collections and expeditions) are also provided. All these data (taxonomic, morphologic, geographic, bathymetric…) can be interactively queried in two main ways: (1) display of listings that can be browsed, sorted according to various criteria, or printed; and (2) interactive requests crossing the different kinds of data. Many other possibilities are offered, and an on-line help file is also available.

There has been a significant body of literature on species flock definition but not so much about practical means to appraise them. We here apply the five criteria of Eastman and McCune for detecting species flocks in four taxonomic components of the benthic fauna of the Antarctic shelf: teleost fishes, crinoids (feather stars), echinoids (sea urchins) and crustacean arthropods. Practical limitations led us to prioritize the three historical criteria (endemicity, monophyly, species richness) over the two ecological ones (ecological diversity and habitat dominance). We propose a new protocol which includes an iterative fine-tuning of the monophyly and endemicity criteria in order to discover unsuspected flocks. As a result nine « full » species flocks (fulfilling the five criteria) are briefly described. Eight other flocks fit the three historical criteria but need to be further investigated from the ecological point of view (here called "core flocks"). The approach also shows that some candidate taxonomic components are no species flocks at all. The present study contradicts the paradigm that marine species flocks are rare. The hypothesis according to which the Antarctic shelf acts as a species flocks generator is supported, and the approach indicates paths for further ecological studies and may serve as a starting point to investigate the processes leading to flock-like patterning of biodiversity.

La dosis de diálisis y volumen de reinfusión son ele-mentos claves en los mejores resultados comunicados en la hemodiafiltración on-line. Avances tecnológicos permiten dos formas de control automatizado del volumen de reinfusión (una volumétrica y otra por presión), y dos métodos de medición del Kt obtenido por dialisancia iónica (OCM y Diascan). El propósito del presente estudio fue compararlos. Se diseña un estudio prospectivo cruzado sobre población prevalen-te en hemodiafiltración on-line posdilucional, con con-sentimiento expreso. Durante 2 semanas consecutivas se realizan tres sesiones con reinfusión automática según hematocrito y proteínas totales, y medición del Kt por OCM, y tres sesiones con reinfusión automática en función de la presión transmembrana y medición del Kt por Diascan. Se compara el valor promedio de volumen de reinfusión y Kt, contrastando las varia-bles con la t-student para muestras relacionadas, estableciendo un valor de significación estadística p < 0,05. Dieciséis pacientes concluyen el estudio, 56% hombres, 58,8 años. Un 81,3% presentan fístula autóloga o protésica como acceso vascular. El volumen de reinfusión es significativamente mayor (p = 0,029) bajo control de presión (23,24 ± 2,55 l versus 21,81 ± 1,75 l) mientras que el Kt medido por OCM es significativamente (p < 0,001) mayor que con Diascan (59,94 ± 5,05 l versus 55,12 ± 4,15 l). Encontramos un incremento medio del volumen de reinfusión (6,2%) bajo control de presión, si bien ambos métodos obtienen buenos resultados en los litros de trasporte convectivo final. La dosis de diálisis administrada (Kt) es mayor utilizando OCM.

Abstract Education is about learning. But it is not always about teaching. Nor is it always held in formal educational settings. Here we present an example from Mua Island in Torres Strait, where cultural knowledge was recently communicated and passed down to the younger generation through community participation rather than through formal educational institutions. The role that community research and ceremonies play in customary learning is here brought out through recent commemoration of the legendary hero Goba on Mua Island.

Background and Objectives: Hepatic resection offers promising outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but can be constrained by factors like patient suitability. Continuous advancements in laparoscopic and robotic technologies have made minimally invasive hepatectomies (MIHs) a viable alternative to open hepatectomies with benefits in terms of recovery and complications. Materials and Methods: We completed a retrospective review on 138 HCC patients who underwent OH or MIH between 2010 and 2020 at the Hume-Lee Transplant Center. Univariate and multivariate analyses were completed on demographic, clinical, and tumor-specific data to assess the impact of these variables on overall and disease-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. Preoperative metrics like length of hospital stay (LOS) and operation duration were also evaluated. Results: Of the 109 OH and 29 MIH patients, MIH patients demonstrated shorter LOS and operative times. However, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were similar between groups, with no significant variations in 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. Age > 60 years and a lack of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were significant predictors of inferior OS and DFS in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: MIH is an efficient substitute for OH with comparable survival, even in older patients. The reduced LOS and operation time enhance its feasibility, and older patients previously denied for curative resection may qualify for MIH. Preoperative TACE also enhances survival outcomes, emphasizing its general role in managing resectable HCCs. Both robotic and laparoscopic hepatectomies offer acceptable short- and long-term clinical outcomes, highlighting MIH as the standard choice for HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Discute-se a difusão das práticas de parto natural por meio da análise dos livros Parto natural: guia para os futuros pais, escrito pelo obstetra americano Frederick Goodrich Jr. em 1950 e publicado no Brasil a partir de 1955, e Parto natural sem dor, escrito pelo obstetra brasileiro George Beutner, em 1962. Ambos tiveram boa entrada na cultura brasileira e influenciaram a forma de pensar o parto e de parir, tanto no âmbito da obstetrícia brasileira como no que concerne às representações das mulheres. A partir das contribuições de Roger Chartier e das concepções sobre medicalização, concluímos que essas novas práticas de preparação do parto compartilhavam as visões médicas sobre o parto e o nascimento predominantes no período.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze adherence to the recommended iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines for preemies, the factors associated with this adherence, and the influence of adherence on the occurrence of anemia and iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies. METHODS: This prospective cohort study followed 58 preemies born in 2014 until they reached six months corrected age. The preemies were followed at a referral secondary health service and represented 63.7% of the preterm infants born that year. Outcomes of interest included high or low adherence to iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines; prevalence of anemia; and prevalences of iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies. The prevalence ratios were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (65.5%) preemies presented high adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines. At six months of corrected age, no preemie had vitamin A deficiency. The prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency and zinc deficiency were higher in the low-adherence group but also concerning in the high-adherence group. Preemies with low adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines were 2.5 times more likely to develop anemia and 3.1 times more likely to develop zinc deficiency. Low maternal education level increased the likelihood of nonadherence to all three supplements by 2.2 times. CONCLUSIONS: Low maternal education level was independently associated with low adherence to iron, zinc and vitamin A supplementation guidelines in preemies, which impacted the prevalences of anemia and iron and zinc deficiencies at six months of corrected age.

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, transplant rejection remains a significant concern. The liver is considered an immune-privileged organ due to its unique microenvironment and complex interactions among various cell types. Alloimmune responses mediated by T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play crucial roles in transplant rejection. The liver's dual blood supply and unique composition of its sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to its immune privilege. Alloantigen recognition by T cells occurs through direct, indirect, and semidirect pathways, leading to acute cellular rejection (ACR) and chronic rejection. ACR is a T cell-mediated process that typically occurs within the first few weeks to months after transplantation. Chronic rejection, on the other hand, is a gradual process characterized by progressive fibrosis and graft dysfunction, often leading to graft loss. Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is less common following surgery compared to other solid organ transplants due to the liver's unique anatomy and immune privilege. However, when it does occur, AMR can be aggressive and lead to rapid graft dysfunction. Despite improvements in immunosuppression, rejection remains a challenge, particularly chronic rejection. Understanding the mechanisms of rejection and immune tolerance, including the roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and hepatic dendritic cells (DCs), is crucial for improving transplant outcomes. Strategies to induce immune tolerance, such as modulating DC function or promoting Treg activity, hold promise for reducing rejection and improving long-term graft survival. This review focuses on the liver's unique predisposition to rejection and tolerance, highlighting the roles of individual cell types in these processes. Continued research into the mechanisms of alloimmune responses and immune tolerance in liver transplantation is essential for developing more effective therapies and improving long-term outcomes for patients with end-stage liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]