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Comparative dietary response of different isolated strains (Direct fed microbial- DFM) of lactobacilli, streptococci and yeast isolated from leopard feces (Panthera leo) was studied as probiotic in poultry broiler birds reared as per varied mineral densities viz. calcium and phosphorus. Various treatments consisted of T0 (Control, culture medium), T1 (Lactobacillus casei + Streptococcus fecalis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) offered standard formulated diet D1, T2 - Control (Culture medium) offered ten percent lower calcium and phosphorus diet D2, T3 (Lactobacillus casei + Streptococcus fecalis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) offered ten percent lower calcium and phosphorus diet D2. Growth results obtained during the starter phase (1st to 3rd week) exhibited higher gain in live body weight and lower feed conversion ratio, both by DFM supplemented treatment T1 offered standard formulated diet D1 and treatment T3 offered experimentally formulated mineral (Ca and P) deficient (10%) diet D2 compared to respective control T0 and T2. The obtained results revealed a significantly higher growth performance in treatment T1 compared to its control T0 where a higher growth in treatment T3 offered experimentally formulated mineral (Ca and P) deficient (10%) diet D2 supplemented with isolated DFM compared to its control T2 was exhibited. Treatment groups T1 and T3 supplemented with isolated DFM exhibited a better intestinal micro flora balance, effective colonization and higher count in the intestinal tract with higher calcium and phosphorus retention in the digestibility studies. Thus, it was found that supplementation of isolated DFM has the potential to improve biological growth performance of poultry broiler birds offered both standard formulated diet D1, as well as mineral deficient diet D2. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 46002]

Heterosis breeding is considered a keystone practice in plant breeding aimed at introgressing into a cultivar, superior genetic elements necessary for escalating yield, quality, and protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, the present research work was designed to evaluate the heterotic potential of bacterial wilt resistant lines of bell pepper, to identify superior hybrids for fruit yield and quality. Both positive and negative heterosis was encountered among the F1 hybrids. Maximum heterosis was obtained for number of marketable fruits/plant and marketable fruit yield/ plant. Significant reciprocal differences were observed for all characters except fruit width and harvest duration thus revealing the importance of correct direction of crossing. Five crosses viz., DPBWRC-6-1 x EC-464115, DPBWRC-6-1 x EC-464107, DPBWRC-1 x EC-464115, DPBWRC-39 x DPBWRC-6-1 and DPBWRC-6-1 x DPBWRC-29 were identified as the potential crosses that can be released as hybrids after field testing as well as utilized in future breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetically diverse bell pepper cultivars and their 30 F1 hybrids were developed by means of diallel mating system including reciprocals. Variance analysis illustrated considerable disparity among newly developed bacterial wilt resistant hybrid lines for all the studied traits. General Combining ability (gca) effects were more pronounced than specific combining ability effects (sca). The gca effects were high with parents DPBWRC-6-1, EC-464107, EC-464115 and DPBWRC-39 for fruit yield and yield-enhancing traits. Further, reciprocal effects influenced all parameters except fruit width, TSS and lobes per fruit. Among the additive and non-additive genetic variance, the latter had a more significant influence on the inheritance of all studied characters except for fruit width and pericarp thickness. Based on sca analysis, three cross-combinations viz., DPBWRC-29×EC-464107, DPBWRC-39× DPBWRC-1 and EC-464115 × DPBWRC-29 were found to be good specific combiners for the majority of traits and can further be utilized to isolate superior segregates or released as hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lentil is one of the most important food legume species, however its genetic and genomic resources remained largely uncharacterized and unexploited. In the past few years, a number of genetic maps have been constructed and marker resources have been developed in lentil. These resources could be exploited for understanding the extent and distribution of genetic variation in genus Lens and also for developing saturated and consensus genetic maps suitable for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection. The present study aims to enrich polymerase chain reaction-based linkage map of F10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of 94 individuals derived from cross WA8649090 × Precoz and identification of QTLs linked to early plant vigour traits. Of the 268 polymorphic markers (93 simple sequence repeats (SSR), three inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and 172 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs)), 265 (90 SSRs, three ISSRs and 172 RAPDs) were mapped on seven linkage groups, varying in length between 25.6 and 210.3 cM, coverage of 809.4 cM with an average marker spacing of 3.05 cM. The study also reported assigning of 24 new cross-genera SSRs of Trifolium pratense on the present linkage map. The RILs along with the parents were screened for shoot length, root length, seedling length, dry weight, number of leaves and number of branches based on two replications under polyhouse conditions. A QTL-hotspot consisting of six QTLs for shoot length (cm), root length (cm) and seedling length (cm) was observed between a map distances of 56.61 and 86.81 cM on LG1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance of ammonia sensors is increasing significantly worldwide in environmental monitoring, control of chemical processes, agricultural, and medical applications. Particularly, the detection of ammonia gas is very important for many industries due to its toxicity and environmental hazards. The hybrid nanostructures formed by blending of nanoparticles of metal/metal-oxides with polymer or its derivatives have been explored which showed improved gas sensing ability and selectivity at room temperature. This article reviews ammonia gas sensors based on semiconducting materials like metals, metal oxides, metal oxide-polymers and carbon nanotubes (CNT's) based hybrid nanostructures for different level of detection of ammonia in various applications. The characteristic performance parameters of these sensors, such as measuring range, sensitivity, selectivity, response/recovery time and the latest technological developments are discussed with detailed analysis in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Chlamydia suis has been detected in numerous disease conditions of pigs, particularly in eye infections. This study examined recurring conjunctivitis cases in five commercial pig farms in Japan. 40.5% of the cases were identified as Chlamydia positive using impression cytology of ocular smears and a genus‐specific direct fluorescent antibody. C. suis was detected in 59.5% of the samples using PCR tests targeting 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and ompA gene. Genetic analysis of PCR amplicons revealed nine sequence variants of 16S‐23S rRNA ISR and 20 sequence variants within ompA gene. Among C. suis‐positive conjunctivitis cases, 36.4% showed concurrent infection with 2–4 varied ompA sequence types and 9.1% showed multiple 16S‐23S rRNA ISR sequence types of C. suis. Multiple genotypes were found circulating in four of five farms. All 20 detected strains and 25 previously reported C. suis strains were grouped into four clusters. Japanese C. suis strains were closely related to American and European strains indicating wide distribution of these genetically variant strains. This study is the first to show multiple and genetically diverse C. suis strain associations in pig conjunctivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic improvement mainly depends on the extent of genetic variability present in the population. The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence of 40 germplasm lines of ricebean. Forty-four SSR markers were used in the present study, out of which only seven were found to be polymorphic. The dendrogram based on SSR marker analysis grouped the 40 ricebean genotypes into 2 clusters, where cluster I was the largest with 37 genotypes. STRUCTURE analysis for the estimation of population structure divided 40 genotypes into 4 groups in which P1 group consisted of 5 genotypes, P2 with 23 genotypes, P3 with maximum number of 7 genotypes, whereas, P4 consisted of 5 genotypes. The genetic variation revealed by SSR analysis will be used in the future breeding programme of ricebean for the selection of diverse parents for hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed weight and seed size both are quantitative traits and have been considered as important components of grain yield, thus identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed traits in lentil (Lens culinaris) would be beneficial for the improvement of grain yield. Hence the main objective of this study was to identify QTLs for seed traits using an intraspecific mapping population derived from a cross between L. culinaris cv. Precoz (seed weight-5.1g, seed size-5.7mm) and L. culinaris cv. L830 (seed weight-2.2g, seed size-4mm) comprising 126 F8-RILs. For this, two microsatellite genomic libraries enriched for (GA/CT) and (GAA/CTT) motif were constructed which resulted in the development of 501 new genomic SSR markers. Six hundred forty seven SSR markers (including 146 previously published) were screened for parental polymorphism and 219 (33.8%) were found to be polymorphic among the parents. Of these 216 were mapped on seven linkage groups at LOD4.0 spanning 1183.7cM with an average marker density of 5.48cM. Phenotypic data from the RILs was used to identify QTLs for the seed weight and seed size traits by single marker analysis (SMA) followed by composite interval mapping (CIM) which resulted in one QTL each for the 2 traits (qSW and qSS) that were co-localized on LG4 and explained 48.4% and 27.5% of phenotypic variance respectively. The current study would serve as a strong foundation for further validation and fine mapping for utilization in lentil breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen of various domestic animals. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a major role in pathogenesis and immunogenicity of P. multocida. The aim of the study was to develop indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay (ELISA) based on OMPs to ascertain the antibody titers in animals post-infection or to gauge the potency of vaccine. The OMPs were extracted and purified from P. multocida P:52 (vaccine strain) and P. multocida B:2 isolated from natural outbreak of Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and analyzed on SDS PAGE and through western blot. The OMPs profile of the vaccine strain and the isolate from the natural outbreak of HS were found to be similar. Optimization of various components viz. coating antigens, anti-species conjugate, etc. were carried out against both anti-P. multocida hyper immune and pre immune serum. Validation of OMP based indirect ELISA assay to measure immune response against P. multocida in bovine revealed 91% diagnostic sensitivity (DSN) and about 100% diagnostic specificity (DSP) at 25% cut off. OMP based indirect ELISA was found to be more specific, but less sensitive as compared to WCL based assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was undertaken to develop and identify high yielding and better quality cultivars through line x tester analysis. Seventeen genotypes and 30 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 15 lines and 2 testers in line x tester mating system were sown in randomized complete block design. Significant differences were observed among parents for all the traits except seeds per pod. Lines L-658, L-666, L-407, L-354 and PL-406 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas L-617, L-737, L-635, L-412 were good general combiners for yield and quality components and L-649 was good general combiner for earliness. The specific cross combinations Vipasa x L-412, PL-406 x L-617, Vipasa x L-620, PL-406 x L-651, PL-406 x L-630, Vipasa x L-649 and PL-406 x L-635 were outstanding for seed yield and most of its components. Based on per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis, cross combination PL-406 x L-649 was best for days to 50% flowering; PL-406 x L-651 best for pods per plant; Vipasa x L-652 and PL-406 x L-354 were observed to be best for protein content. The early flowering genotypes (PL-406 x L-649) identified in the present study may be exploited for the development of drought tolerant lentil genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Animal chlamydiosis, caused by different chlamydial species, is characterized by clinical or subclinical disease manifestations in cattle, buffalo, ovine, caprine and wild animal species. Animal chlamydiosis often remains under diagnosed or undiagnosed, and its status in many parts of India is still unknown. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of animal chlamydiosis amongst ruminant livestock species of five states of India. Materials and Methods: Totally, 2127 randomly selected serum samples collected from ruminant livestock species viz. cattle (n=430), buffaloes (n=429), sheep (906) and goats (n=362), were tested by agar gel precipitation test for chlamydiosis between 2002 and 2011. Precipitating antigen was prepared from locally isolated strain of Chlamydia psittaci after treatment with sodium deoxycholate. Results: The chlamydial seroprevalence detected amongst ruminants in five states of India was: Himachal Pradesh: Cattle-10.90%, sheep-10.60% and goats- 22.46%; Punjab: Cattle-1.45%; Andhra Pradesh: Cattle-2.80%, buffaloes-0.93%, sheep-8.90% and goats-9.46%; Maharashtra: goats-8.33%; Jammu and Kashmir: sheep-12.50%. The mean seroprevalence values of each animal species are: Cattle-4.65%, buffaloes-0.93%, sheep-9.82% and goats-19.33%. Conclusion: The results indicate the endemic nature of animal chlamydiosis across five states in India. Hence, it requires further extensive studies in other parts of India also using chlamydial species-specific diagnostics to ascertain overall countrywide prevalence of the disease. The zoonotic nature of the chlamydiae of ruminant origin further adds significance to such prevalence studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven agro-morphological characters were studied for variability and their inter-relationships using 95 advanced (F6) elite derivatives of microsperma x macrosperma crosses along with 5 checks namely Vipasa, EC-1(Markandya), PL-639, L-259, and L-4145 at Palampur. The present investigation revealed sufficient variability for all the characters except seeds per pod. For 100- seed weight, pods per plant and biological yield per plant, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicated the predominant role of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. On the basis of mean performance of different genotypes, it was observed that lines HPCL-2290, HPCL-2301 and HPCL-2208 were superior to best check Vipasa for seed yield per plant, pods per plant and number of fertile nodes per plant. Seed yield per plant showed positive association with biological yield per plant, seeds per pod, pods per plant, number of fertile nodes per plant, primary branches per plant and plant height. Path analysis revealed that biological yield had highest positive direct effect followed by harvest index on the seed yield. Biological yield not only had highest direct effect but several other traits, like pods per plant, number of fertile nodes per plant, primary branches per plant and plant height had also contributed significantly indirectly through it. Based on the present study a plant ideotype with higher biomass, harvest index, pods per plant, number of fertile nodes per plant, primary branches per plant and plant height would enhance the seed yield of lentil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 1 table Backcrosses were attempted of F1 hybrids of spring wheat genotypes (HS 375 and C 306) and winter wheat genotypes (Saptdhara and Tyari) with the Indian rye (Secale cereale L.) landrace 'Lahaul Local'. Intergeneric hybridizations using pollen of maize and Imperata cylindrica (2n = 20), a wild and weedy species, were conducted in the wheat‐rye‐derived backcross BC1F1 and BC1F2 generations to study the relative efficiency of the two chromosome elimination approaches in the induction of haploid plants. Although seed formation was similar with both pollen sources, the relative frequency of embryo‐carrying seeds ranged from 8% to 30% with I. cylindrica, whereas with maize, no embryo‐carrying seed was obtained. Comparisons of induction of haploid plants in the wheat‐rye backcross derivatives showed that the wheat × I. cylindrica system was superior to the wheat × maize system and was also cost effective as it shares the flowering season with wheat in sub‐temperate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative dietary response of different isolated strains (Direct fed microbial-DFM) of lactobacilli, streptococci and yeast isolated from leopard feces (Panthera leo) was studied as probiotic in poultry broiler birds reared as per varied mineral densities viz. calcium and phosphorus. Various treatments consisted of T0 (Control, culture medium), T1 (Lactobacillus casei + Streptococcus fecalis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) offered standard formulated diet D1, T2 - Control (Culture medium) offered ten percent lower calcium and phosphorus diet D2, T3 (Lactobacillus casei + Streptococcus fecalis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) offered ten percent lower calcium and phosphorus diet D2. Growth results obtained during the starter phase (1st to 3rd week) exhibited higher gain in live body weight and lower feed conversion ratio, both by DFM supplemented treatment T1 offered standard formulated diet D1 and treatment T3 offered experimentally formulated mineral (Ca and P) deficient (10%) diet D2 compared to respective control T0 and T2. The obtained results revealed a significantly higher growth performance in treatment T1 compared to its control T0 where a higher growth in treatment T3 offered experimentally formulated mineral (Ca and P) deficient (10%) diet D2 supplemented with isolated DFM compared to its control T2 was exhibited. Treatment groups T1 and T3 supplemented with isolated DFM exhibited a better intestinal micro flora balance, effective colonization and higher count in the intestinal tract with higher calcium and phosphorus retention in the digestibility studies. Thus, it was found that supplementation of isolated DFM has the potential to improve biological growth performance of poultry broiler birds offered both standard formulated diet D1, as well as mineral deficient diet D2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]