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Drought stress severely impairs common bean production. For facilitating drought-resistance breeding in common bean, molecular markers were identified in a genome-wide level marker-trait association study. A panel of 210 common bean accessions showed large variation in 11 agronomic traits at the adult stage (plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, seed number per plant, seed yield per plant, pod length, harvest index, pod harvest index, days to maturity, hundred-seed weight, and seed yield) under two water conditions. The coefficient of variation ranged from 6.21% for pod harvest index to 51.00% for seed number per plant under well-watered conditions, and from 4.05% for days to maturity to 40.72% for seed number per plant under drought stress. In a genome-wide association study, 119 quantitative-trait loci were associated with drought resistance, including 41 adjacent to known loci. Among these loci, 12 were found to be associated with at least two traits. Three major loci were identified at Pv01 and Pv02. A set of candidate genes were found that encode MYBs, AREBs, WKRYs, and protein kinases. These results reveal promising alleles that control drought resistance, shedding light on the genetic basis of drought resistance and accelerating future efforts for drought resistance improvement in common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to evaluate the agronomic and qualitative attributes of early-cycle common bean cultivars with different grains types grains in response to top-dressing nitrogen (N) doses. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, with 4 replicates. The plots consisted of the cultivars IAC Nuance, IAC 1849 Polaco and IAC Veloz, with speckled, Carioca and black grains, respectively. The subplots were formed by N doses applied as top-dressing: 0 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 (applied in the stage of third trifoliate leaf), 120 kg ha-1 (1/2 applied at third trifoliate leaf stage + 1/2 applied at the floral bud stage) and 180 kg ha-1 (1/3 applied at the first trifoliate leaf stage + 1/3 applied at the third trifoliate leaf stage + 1/3 applied at the floral bud stage). IAC Veloz stood out for grain yield, showing the highest grain yield in the lowest N doses, being classified as efficient to the use of N. The cultivars IAC Nuance and IAC 1849 Polaco reached maximum yields with 155 and 163 kg ha-1 of N. The IAC Nuance was the most responsive, increasing grain yield by up to 25.3% due to nitrogen fertilization. Increasing N doses applied as top-dressing increased the sieve yield and crude protein content of the common bean cultivars, with IAC Nuance standing out. The cultivars showed good grain quality, and IAC 1849 Polaco and IAC Veloz had the shortest cooking time and IAC Veloz also had the fastest hydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar 'White Pearl' (Reg. no. CV‐343, PI 698189) was developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska and released in 2018. It was bred specifically for adaptation to western Nebraska growing conditions and for upright plant architecture, high yield, and enhanced resistance to bean rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Seed yield of White Pearl was comparable and slightly higher than other great northern cultivars in on‐station trials conducted in Nebraska and did not differ significantly in yield from 'Aries' and 'Matterhorn' in regional trials. Seed size (100‐seed weight) of White Pearl was larger than 'Marquis', 'Orion', 'Gemini', 'Beryl‐R', and Aries in trials grown in Nebraska. White Pearl carries the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker SAP6 linked to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to CBB. White Pearl had a CBB disease rating of 6.0 (intermediate) under field conditions at the Scottsbluff and Mitchell Ag Labs in 2020. White Pearl also has the Ur‐3 gene for resistance to bean rust and carries the SS68 Kompetitive Allele Specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) and SK14 SCAR markers linked to the Ur‐3 locus. It also contains the single dominant hypersensitive I gene that confers resistance to all non‐necrotic strains of BCMV and the SW13 SCAR marker linked to the I gene. White Pearl has bright white seed, blooms 46 d after planting, and is a midseason bean, maturing 89 d after planting. Core Ideas: White Pearl is a new great northern common bean cultivar with high yield potential.White Pearl's upright plant architecture Type 2b makes it suitable for direct harvest.White Pearl blooms 46 d after planting and is a midseason bean, maturing 89 d after planting.White Pearl has intermediate resistance to the common bacterial blight, rust, and common mosaic virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Yellowstone' yellow bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV‐340, PI 695270), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2020 as a determinate, virus‐resistant cultivar with highly desirable vibrant dry seed coat color. Yellowstone was developed using the pedigree breeding method to the F3 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4 yr of field trials, Yellowstone yielded 2,902 kg ha−1, flowered in 41 d, and matured in 94 d on average. Plants averaged 47 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.8 and seed weight of 46 g per 100 seed. Yellowstone is well adapted to growing conditions in Michigan and produces seed with an intense yellow seed coat color under local conditions. Yellowstone is resistant to lodging, which also contributes to the avoidance of white mold. Yellowstone exhibits the top necrosis reaction to strain NL 3 of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus conditioned by the I gene. Yellowstone produces seed that exceeds industry standards for export and packaging, and canning quality was rated acceptable for the yellow bean seed class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Charro' pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV‐341, PI 695318), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2020 as a high‐yielding, upright, full‐season cultivar with excellent canning quality. Charro was developed using the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4 yr of field trials, Charro yielded 3,230 kg ha−1 at 17 locations in mid‐Michigan, flowered in 46 d, and matured in 97 d on average. Plants averaged 52 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.6 and seed weight of 41.2 g per 100 seed. Charro combines high yield potential and erect architecture with full‐season maturity in a pinto seed type. Charro has resistance to lodging and high pod placement within the plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow‐row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold, a disease that is intensified under narrow‐row production systems. Charro exhibits the top necrosis reaction to strain NL 3 of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Charro produces seed that meets industry standards for export and packaging, and canning quality was rated excellent for the pinto bean seed class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Adams' black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV‐338, PI 695268), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2020 as a high‐yielding, upright, full‐season cultivar with anthracnose resistance and acceptable canning quality. Adams was developed using the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 2 yr of field trials at 27 locations, Adams yielded 3,501 kg ha−1, flowered in 45 d, and matured in 96 d on average. Plants averaged 51 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.3 and seed weight of 20.9 g per 100 seed. Adams has resistance to lodging, with high pod placement within the plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow‐row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold. Adams is resistant to races 73 and 109 of anthracnose present in Michigan and produces a top necrosis reaction to strain NL 3 of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Adams produces seed that meets industry standards for export and packaging and was rated acceptable in canned bean color in the black bean seed class. The name Adams was chosen to honor Professor M. Wayne Adams, former bean breeder, for his significant contributions in archetype breeding and establishing the black bean breeding program at Michigan State University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An international effort was initiated with the evaluation of a diverse set of large‐seeded Andean common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the Andean Diversity Panel, in sub‐Saharan Africa. Several entries in the panel have been selected for extensive characterization on the basis of high performance across multiple location × year trials in Tanzania—conducted both on station and on farm. Baetao‐Manteiga 41, tested as ADP‐190, has a commercial Kablanketi (light purple speckled) seed type, and 'Yunguilla', tested as ADP‐447, has a commercial Calima (red mottled) seed type. Both lines exhibited yield stability, vigorous growth under low fertility conditions, angular leaf spot resistance, and moderate common bacterial blight resistance; Yunguilla also possessed rust resistance. These two lines were tested, selected, and characterized cooperatively by Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), the Tanzanian Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), the USDA‐ARS, and the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) of South Africa, and in collaboration with local farmers in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable bean production as mid-season crops in greenhouses has increased in two provinces, Bartın and Zonguldak, in the Western Black Sea region. Green bean is sown in about half of the total area of 510.000 da in this region. Angular leaf spot disease caused by Pseudocercospora griseola has been a serious disease for the last five years and it is so widespread in the region, showing almost 100% incidence. Since the beans are used for fresh consumption and are harvested continuously, fungicide use is restricted due to unwanted residues. Because of the farmers in the region widely use two local cultivars susceptible to the disease, providing resistant cultivars for farmers was the aim of this study. Although the causal agent has great pathogenic variation, determination of pathotypes of the P. griseola was not succeed since the three of the differential cultivars did not produced seed in two tested regions of Turkey. For this reason seventeen common bean cultivars in Turkey were selected and their reactions against ten randomly selected the most aggressive isolates of P. griseola were used for screening resistance. Two bush type bean cultivars, Bourgondia and Yalova 17, out of nine showed resistant reaction against all of ten isolates while three climbing types, Fabio, Burayşe and Selvi, out of eight were found resistant against all of the isolates of P. griseola. All of these resistant cultivars have good culinary characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The goal of breeding programs is selection toward the ideal plant type. In this study, field experiments were performed to select common bean inbred progenies that maximize the probability of extracting superior lines. A total of 124 inbred progenies of three consecutive generations (F2:3, F2:4, and F2:5) were conducted in field experiments over three different environments (one generation in each environment). Seven different traits, related to disease severity, commercial acceptance grain, and yield, were evaluated by best linear unbiased prediction. This work underscored the importance of incorporating population information into the statistical model as a means of comparing progenies from different populations with higher efficacy, even when kinship information between populations is not available. Toward the common bean ideotype, 20 inbred progenies of greater potential were selected using the factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP) index. This index is based on the structural equation models by joining the factor analysis technique (exploratory factor analysis) with the ideotype design (confirmatory factor analysis). The predicted genetic gain was increased for all the traits in all generations. Selection strategies that capture the multitrait information capitalize the progenies × growth season interactions and are based on the ideotype, such as as the FAI-BLUP index, have the potential for use in genetic breeding toward the common bean ideotype and can accelerate the release of more adapted cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cientifica is the property of Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drought is an important factor that restricts the growth of common bean. In the present study, Longyundou 10 (non-drought-resistant variety) and Longyundou 17 (drought-resistant variety) were selected to analyze the effects of drought stress on endogenous hormones and osmotic regulatory substances of common bean at seedling stage. Under mild drought stress, the ABA accumulation and response of drought-resistant Longyundou 17 were stronger than that of no drought-resistant Longyundou 10. The effects of CTK and IAA on drought resistance of common bean at seedling stage are complicated. Under normal water condition, the soluble protein content of Longyundou 10 was slightly higher than that of Longyundou 17. However, there was no significant difference in the degree of inhibition between Longyundou 10 and 17. Therefore, we believe that the soluble protein of common bean has little effect on resisting the threat of drought stress. The content of proline and soluble sugar in common bean responded strongly to drought stress, these two osmotic regulatory substances in drought-resistant varieties were higher than those in drought-resistant varieties. Therefore, ABA, proline and soluble sugar content can be used as important indicators for breeding of drought-resistant Varieties of common bean at seedling stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the principal limitations in application of cell and tissue culture techniques for improving crop plants resistance to adverse environmental stresses, such as high salinity, is insufficient knowledge of cellular and molecular-genetic basics of this type of tolerance. This approach will provide opportunity to identify new salt-tolerant cultivars, which arisen from somatic mutations increasing the pool of salttolerant breeding lines. It is well known that salinity causes sharp reduction in bean productivity and thus significant losses in quality and quantity of products derived from it. Choosing salt-tolerant plant genotypes for cultivation may solve this problem. The aim of this study is to trace tolerance and accompanying changes in lectin accumulation in calli of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under the conditions of tissue culture. In our experiment, induction of certain common bean cultivars by in vitro cell cultures have been optimized. The most appropriate composition of the nutrient media for the induction of callusogenesis have been established together with the cultivars possessing high callus-forming ability. We have not observed strict correlation between callus-forming propensity and morphogenic calli generation. However, we noticed that under-passaging in selective conditions calli leads to gradual growth decline and browning, as well as slow growth and in some cases death of cell cultures. Nevertheless, we have identified common bean cultivars with average salt tolerance and high propensity to callusogenesis for use as a starting material for breeding. Differences in lectin content between morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli let us suggest that lectin content depends on hormonal composition of the nutrition medium since morphogenic type of callus was formed when the media contained NAA and low concentrations of 2,4-D. The cultivars used in this study have demonstrated moderate salt tolerance and high callusogenesis efficiency thus regarded as suitable material to breeding for salt tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional, cooking and technological properties of the Tepary bean (TB) cultivated in Mexican northeast comparing to two common beans varieties (Pinto Americano and Black Jamapa) were evaluated in this study. Nutritional parameters evaluated of TB resulted significantly different from common beans varieties analysed, except lipid fraction. Cooking times of soaked (4 and 8 h) and non-soaked varieties varied significantly; TB shows between 55.1-80.49 min by cooking time. The textural profile analysis (TPA) of TB showed a significant reduction of hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness in soaked compared to non-soaked. In addition, TB presented a similar behaviour to Pinto Americano in TPA non-soaked and cooked and soaked 8h and cooked, except to adhesiveness. Technological properties of TB and resistant and non-resistant starch content showed significant differences between species. Due to, TB has nutritional, cooking and technological properties comparable to other edible legumes as common bean, mainly Pinto Americano variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate treatments with alternative products for repelling bean weevils, and to assess their influence on the physiological quality of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a two-factorial scheme (10x4). It comprised 10 treatments: Piper nigrum, diatomaceous earth and kaolin (4 g/kg of seed); Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus sinensis and Eucalyptus sp. (1% of the seed weight); Azadirachta indica oil (3 mL/kg of seed); Gastoxin (6 g/t of seed); PET container; control; and the storage times of 0, 25, 50, and 75 days. The variables seed moisture content, germination, emergence speed, mean emergence time, weight of one thousand seeds, seed infestation, and repellency were evaluated. The treatments with kaolin and A. indica had a repellent effect at first, but they lost effectiveness by the end of the storage period. The products based on C. zeylanicum and Eucalyptus sp. did not have such impact during early periods of storage, albeit repellency grew with time. On the other hand, C. sinensis and diatom-based products were repellents, both at the beginning and at the end of storage. The treatments with diatomaceous earth, kaolin, P. nigrum, C. zeylanicum, Eucalyptus sp., A. indica, and PET container all proved to be effective in reducing bean weevil infestation, without negatively impacting the physiological quality of the seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common beans are legumes of extreme importance for the food security of developing countries. Because it is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, it is subject to the stress effects caused by this type of climate, such as water stress and heat. Cross-tolerance allows plants to acclimate to a range of different stresses after exposure to a specific short-term stress. The present work had as objective to evaluate the induction of cross-tolerance by heat stress at 38°C and water stress simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in 3 different osmotic potentials in the germination of the brazilian cultivars IPR Uirapuru and IPR Campos Gerais in a randomized block design, setting up a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with eight replicates of 25 seeds. The following variables were evaluated: percentage of germination, root and shoot length, and fresh root and shoot mass. The data were submitted to Tukey test with 5% significance. The results indicate a possible memory to the primary stress when the IPR UIRAPURU and IPR Campos Gerais varieties are subjected to an initial stress of 38°C, making them better adapt to an osmotic stress at the evaluated stages. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference of the treatments applied in relation to the germination of the cultivars where the cultivar IPR Uirapuru obtained higher germination indexes for all treatments evaluated when compared to the cultivar IPR Campos Gerais. The results indicate that in both cultivars there was induction of cross tolerance by heat followed by water stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Sublime is a common bean cultivar with carioca grains, high nutritional grain quality, and high yield potential (4667 kg ha-1). It has a normal cycle, upright growth, low loss rates in the mechanical harvest, and is recommended for planting in 19 Brazilian states, in the three main common bean cultivation regions. It is the first cultivar developed in the world with angular leaf spot resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Many common bean cultivars are infected with endornaviruses. • A third endornavirus isolated from common bean. • Occurrence of three distinct endornaviruses in a single plant species. Abstract The Endornaviridae family includes viruses with ssRNA genome that infect plants, fungi, and oomycetes. Plant endornaviruses do not cause visible symptoms and are transmitted only vertically. Many common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes have been reported to be infected by Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1 and Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 2. Using next-generation sequencing, we obtained the RNA sequence of a third common bean endornavirus, which we named Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 3 (PvEV3). The complete sequence consisted of 15,205nt in length with a single open reading frame (ORF) coding for a polyprotein of 4932 aa, and untranslated regions of 344önt and 62önt at the 5′ and 3′ ends respectively. The polyprotein contained conserved protein domains including viral helicase 1, peptidase C97, glycosyltransferases of the GTB-type, and RdRp 2. The polyprotein shared 31% amino acid identity with the counterpart encoded by Hordeum vulgare endornavirus. A phylogenetic tree constructed with the RdRp sequences of PvEV3 and other endornaviruses placed PvEV3 in a clade with members of the genus Alphaendornavirus. PvEV3 was detected in cultivated and wild P. vulgaris genotypes as single and mixed infections with two other common bean endornaviruses. The natural occurrence of three distinct endornaviruses in a single plant species is unique and has not been reported in other plant-endornavirus systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and mechanical properties of foods are important, if not essential, in the design of suitable systems, machines, and structures for planting, harvesting, handling and processing of agro-products. Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a popular legume species that play an important role in human diet and among easily available sources of plant protein. However, despite its important roles, there is a lack of information on the physical and mechanical properties of common beans cultivated in Tanzania. The objective of this study was therefore focused on experimental determination of physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, common beans cultivars grown in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Experimental results showed that the average length, width, and thickness were 19.96 mm, 8.97 mm, and 7.6 mm at a moisture content of 17.15% dry basis (db.), 13.92% db., and 14.64% db. for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The results further show that the average mean diameters (Da) were 10.93, 9.35, and 9.55 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The geometric mean diameters (Dg) were 9.66, 8.35, and 8.80 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas sphericity was found to be 53, 64, and 58% for the same types of beans. Repose angle measuremnts were experimentally determined as 40, 36, and 35 degrees for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. Weight for apparent density analysis was 709.27, 686.30, and 766.10 kg/m3 for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas the apparent densities were determined as 1142, 1158, and 1327 kg/m3, respectively, for the same types of beans. Results from the study showed that physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja differ significantly from other common beans cultivars cultivated in other countries. Data on physical and mechanical properties determined in this study establishes a convenient reference table for the mechanization and processing of Tanzanian common beans cultivars . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of efficient microorganisms (EM) in the morphological and productive behavior of two cultivars of common bean. The experiment was carried out in the Cooperative of Credit and Service "Martires de Taguasco," Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, between the months of November, 2012 to March, 2013. Sowing was carried out on Brown Sialitic Carbonated soil. Four concentrations were studied: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1 of EM per liter of water, on the cultivar Velazco largo (VLR) and Cuba cueto (CC-25-9-N), applied of foliar form, every seven days from 10 days after germination until flowering (R6). During the development of the crop, the average of leaves per plant were determined and the dry matter g plants-1 and at harvest time the number of pods, grains per pods, 100 grains mass and yield (t ha-1). The foliar application of efficient microorganisms stimulated the morphological and productive parameters evaluated and the cultivar CC-25-9-N presented more responses to foliar application that to VLR cultivar and the both cultivars, the best results were attained, to the concentration of 100 mg L-1, because increase the productivity in 1.13 t ha-1 in the cultivar VLR and 1.15 t ha-1 in CC-25-9-N with respect to control without application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IAC Sintonia, new common bean cultivar, was developed to incorporate moderate resistance to the main pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum allied to great grain yield observed, 5,750.00 kg ha-1. IAC Sintonia has semi-upright architecture and indeterminate growth habit (Type II), cycle is around 90 days and, 1000 seed weight of 280 grams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common bean parents and populations resistant to white mold (WM, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) were selected based on estimates of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for WM severity in three field nurseries in Brazil. Twenty-seven populations were obtained by partial diallel crosses between parents from two groups: GI) three sources of partial resistance identified abroad and GII) nine Brazilian cultivars and elite lines. Populations were advanced in bulk up to the F6 generation. The overall mean of WM severity from combined analysis ranged from 2.83 to 5.03 (scale of 1 to 9 scores) in the F6 population. The score of the susceptible control BRS Requinte was 7.21. The GI parents K-59, in Oratórios, MG, and Viçosa, MG, and K-407 and PI204717, in Goianira, GO, contributed to increase resistance to WM. The most promising populations for obtaining elite lines resistant to WM were K-59/BRS Executivo, PI204717/BRS Campeiro, PI204717/Jalo Precoce, K-59/BRS Radiante, and K-407/BRS Cometa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major factors limiting common bean production in Ethiopia. A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at Hawassa University in southern Ethiopia to evaluate twelve common bean cultivars for P use efficiency at three phosphorus rates (0, 120, and 240 kg P2O5 ha-1). The results of the study revealed that the interaction effect of cultivar and P rates significantly (P < 0.01) influenced grain yield efficiency index (GYEI), grain yield and yield attributing traits, leaf P concentration, root length, diameter and surface area. Grain yield efficiency index at low and medium phosphorus rates indicated that Red- Wolaita, Dinkinesh, Tabour, Nasir and Haramaya are P-efficient, whereas Chore was found to be P-inefficient. These genotypic variations could be exploited for sustainable production of the crop by fitting suitable varieties to soils with variable P availability. Thus, the P-efficient cultivars indicated above could be recommended for cultivation by smallholder farmers in soil with low P availability that is dominant in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: On‐farm evaluation of 15 common bean varieties was undertaken with nine farmer groups under two fertilizer applications levels in four subcounties of Hoima and Rakai districts for two seasons to select farmers’ desired and undesired varieties. Farmers’ votes for acceptance and rejection of varieties at podding stage were converted to a preference index, and analysis of variance was conducted to examine differences in farmers’ preference indices among subcounties and combined across subcounties, seasons, management and gender. Management had no‐significant influence on the way farmers selected varieties in the subcounties. Choice of varieties varied significantly (p ≤ .001) between seasons and gender in the different subcounties. Variety Masindi Yellow Long and Farmers’ seed (Kaduli), and the introduced KATB1 were accepted by farmers due to their medium seed size, desired seed colour and potential of varietal adaptability to their farm conditions. Varieties NABE2, ROBA1 and RWR719 were deselected due to possession of traits less desired in the market. These results demonstrate the need for breeding programmes to involve diverse stakeholders in capturing the diverse traits preferences in varietal development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site-specific crop management is a promising approach to maximize crop yield with optimal use of rapidly depleting natural resources. Availability of high resolution crop data at critical growth stages is a key for real-time data-driven decisions during the production season. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using small unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based remote sensing technologies to monitor the crop stress of irrigated pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with varied irrigation and tillage treatments. A small UAS with onboard multispectral and infrared thermal imaging sensors was used to collect data from bean field plots on three growth stages in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Indicators including green normalized vegetation index (GNDVI), canopy cover (CC, ratio of ground covered by crop canopy to the total plot area) and canopy temperature (CT, °C) of crops were extracted from imaging data and correlated with ground-reference crop yield and leaf area index (LAI) estimated with a handheld ceptometer. Results show that GNDVI, CC and CT were able to differentiate crops with full and deficit irrigation treatments at each of the three growth stages in both years. Developed indicators were strongly correlated with to the crop yield with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of approximate 0.71 and 0.72 for GNDVI and CC, respectively, in the early growth stage (54 days after planting) in both years. Canopy temperature showed even stronger correlation (r > 0.8) with yield at early growth stage. Performance of small UAS-based imagery-based indicators in crop stress monitoring and crop yield estimation was better than or comparable to that of the ground-based LAI estimates, indicating the potential of such remote sensing tool in rapid crop stress monitoring and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment on evaluation in 36 genotypes of french bean was conducted at department of vegetable science, college of Horticulture, Bagalkot during rabi season of the year 2015-2016. The analysis of variance was significant (p=0.01) for all characters indicated higher magnitude of variability. Moderate GCV and PCV were observed for the traits plant height, number of primary branches, pod length, pod width, pod flesh thickness, number of pods / cluster, number of pods/plant, weight of ten pods, number of root nodules/plant, drymatter content of pods and roots. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the plant height, pod width, number of pods/plant, weight of ten pods, yield/plant, number of root nodules/plant, drymatter content of pods, roots and protein content. It indicated the presence of additive gene effects. Thus, there is an ample scope for improving yield and quality characters in french bean through direct selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the organisation of genetic diversity in a crop species is a key element for both the conservation and utilisation of its genetic resources. In the case of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), Ethiopia is one of the secondary centers of diversity of this species. Hence, this study sought to improve our understanding of genetic diversity of common bean by integrating morphological and agronomic evaluations with prior molecular diversity data from a collection of landrace accessions from different common bean growing regions of Ethiopia. The samples studied included 115 landraces, four standard varieties, and two control genotypes. Twenty agronomic traits and morphological descriptors were used to evaluate the accessions under field conditions. A Principal Component Analysis clearly separated the accessions into the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, with the first two axes explaining most of the variation. Step-wise discriminant and canonical correlation analyses, with all variables or only the morphological variables, enabled the identification of characters distinguishing accessions from the Andean/Mesoamerican gene pools, and their respective ecogeographic races. Data distinguishing racial and morphological traits were used to clarify the identities of five cluster groups, identified at STRUCTURE preset K = 5, in a preceding study. The three Andean cluster groups were shown to belong to two of the races in the gene pool, 'Nueva Granada' and 'Peru'; while the two Mesoamerican groups were from the race 'Mesoamerica'. By integrating the morphological and agronomic evaluation of an Ethiopian germplasm collection of common bean, initially performed just based on molecular characterisation, we were able to improve our understanding of the organisation of this diversity. Our results suggest extensive hybridisation between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools after introduction of common bean germplasm in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinnaur district is known as the dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh and is known for off season and quality production of vegetables. In this district of Himachal Pradesh, Natural farming is mostly done with the minimum use of chemical fertilizers. Farmers are unaware of the judicious use of farm yard manure, and biofertilizers due to which yield of the french bean is very low (50-70 q/ha). French bean is one of the most important vegetables intercropped with apple in Kinnaur District. An experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2011 at the Experimental Farm of Vegetable Research Station, Kalpa, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh to study the effect of Rhizobium and Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) on the horticultural and yield traits in french bean var. Contender. Six treatments comprising seed treatments (with and without Rhizobium), seed treatment (with and without PSB) along with the combination of 60% dose of recommended quantity of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and 75% dose of recommended quantity of Single Super Phosphate and organic matter were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that T5 treatment, i.e. Rhizobium+ PSB+ Organic matter resulted in more number of pods per plant (20), pod length (18 cm) and pod yield/ha (140 q/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought will reduce global crop production by >10% in 2050 substantially worsening global malnutrition. Breeding for resistance to drought will require accessing crop genetic diversity found in the wild accessions from the driest high stress ecosystems. Genome-environment associations (GEA) in crop wild relatives reveal natural adaptation, and therefore can be used to identify adaptive variation. We explored this approach in the food crop Phaseolus vulgaris L., characterizing 86 geo-referenced wild accessions using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The wild beans represented Mesoamerica, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador/Northern Peru and Andean groupings. We found high polymorphism with a total of 22,845 SNPs across the 86 accessions that confirmed genetic relationships for the groups. As a second objective, we quantified allelic associations with a bioclimatic-based drought index using 10 different statistical models that accounted for population structure. Based on the optimum model, 115 SNPs in 90 regions, widespread in all 11 common bean chromosomes, were associated with the bioclimatic-based drought index. A gene coding for an ankyrin repeat-containing protein and a phototropic-responsive NPH3 gene were identified as potential candidates. Genomic windows of 1 Mb containing associated SNPs had more positive Tajima's D scores than windows without associated markers. This indicates that adaptation to drought, as estimated by bioclimatic variables, has been under natural divergent selection, suggesting that drought tolerance may be favorable under dry conditions but harmful in humid conditions. Our work exemplifies that genomic signatures of adaptation are useful for germplasm characterization, potentially enhancing future marker-assisted selection and crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

UENF 2014 is a new common bean cultivar from the black commercial group, developed by UENF. The cultivar is adapted to the Northern and Northwestern regions of the Rio de Janeiro state and presents a good performance, mainly for high grain yield, high stability and wide adaptation to these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct identification of the anthracnose resistance systems present in the common bean cultivars AB136 and MDRK is important because both are included in the set of 12 differential cultivars proposed for use in classifying the races of the anthracnose causal agent, Colletrotrichum lindemuthianum. In this work, the responses against seven C. lindemuthianum races were analyzed in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross AB136 × MDRK. A genetic linkage map of 100 molecular markers distributed across the 11 bean chromosomes was developed in this population to locate the gene or genes conferring resistance against each race, based on linkage analyses and χ2 tests of independence. The identified anthracnose resistance genes were organized in clusters. Two clusters were found in AB136: one located on linkage group Pv07, which corresponds to the anthracnose resistance cluster Co-5, and the other located at the end of linkage group Pv11, which corresponds to the Co-2 cluster. The presence of resistance genes at the Co-5 cluster in AB136 was validated through an allelism test conducted in the F2 population TU x AB136. The presence of resistance genes at the Co-2 cluster in AB136 was validated through genetic dissection using the F2:3 population ABM3 x MDRK, in which it was directly mapped to a genomic position between 46.01 and 47.77 Mb of chromosome Pv11. In MDRK, two independent clusters were identified: one located on linkage group Pv01, corresponding to the Co-1 cluster, and the second located on LG Pv04, corresponding to the Co-3 cluster. This report enhances the understanding of the race-specific Phaseolus vulgaris–C. lindemuthianum interactions and will be useful in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes for human consumption and is a staple food in the diet of the population of some countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia. The distinction between cultivars is based predominantly on morphological descriptors, which proved inefficient for the differentiation of some cultivars. This study had the objective of describing, distinguishing and evaluating the agronomic potential of 39 common bean cultivars of the carioca and black grain groups registered for cultivation in Brazil, based on 49 morphoagronomic descriptors and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat -SSR) markers. The morphoagronomic traits of each commercial group were characterized in four environments. Thirty-seven SSR markers were used for the molecular description. The morphological data, analyzed by the Shanonon-Weaver index, detected low variability among cultivars for qualitative data. On the other hand, the estimates of variance analysis, relative importance of the traits and hierarchical grouping analysis applied to the quantitative variables showed that the descriptors related to plant morphology were the most important for the carioca group, and those related to seed morphology were determining for the black group. The genetic parameters estimated for SSR markers by hierarchical and Bayesian cluster analysis identified 116 alleles, with 33 and 30 polymorphic loci and 24 and 22 private alleles for the carioca and black groups, respectively. The combined use of morphoagronomic and molecular descriptors improves the distinguishability of cultivars, contributing in a more efficient way to breeding and to the protection of cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds are a major protein, carbohydrate and mineral source in the human diet of peoples in multiple regions of the world. Seed mineral biofortification is an ongoing objective to improve this important food source. The objective of this research was to assess the seed mineral concentration of five macroelements and eight microelements in a large panel (n = 277) of modern race Durango and race Mesoamerica genotypes to determine if variability existed that could be exploited for targeted seed biofortification. Varieties that derive from these races are found in many diets throughout the world. The panel was grown in replicated trials under typical production conditions in the major bean growing regions of the United States and a subset of the panel was also grown in replicated trials at three locations under control and terminal drought conditions. Except for K, seed mineral concentrations were higher for race Mesoamerica genotypes. Significantly higher seed concentrations for the majority of the minerals were observed for white-seeded genotypes and race Durango genotypes with the now preferred indeterminate, upright growth habit. Modern genotypes (since 1997) had equal or increased mineral concentrations compared with older genotypes. Drought affected mineral content differentially, having no effect on the microelement content but increased Co, Fe and Ni concentrations. The correlation of Ca and Mn concentrations suggests that these elements may share seed deposition mechanisms. The high heritability for seed mineral concentration implies that breeding progress can be achieved by parental selection from this panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2013-14 at vegetable farm, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (Gwalior) to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield parameters and yield in French bean. The treatments comprised six nutrient levels N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6 and three varieties viz., Arka Komal (V1), Contender (V2) and Swarna Priya (V3). It was noticed that application of nutrient levels and varieties had significant influence on growth, yield and yield parameters. Nutrient level N4 [Vermicompost (10t/ha) + N (50kg/ha) + Rhizobium (15g/kg seed) + PSB (15g/kg seed) + P2O5 (80kg/ha) + K2O (80kg/ha)] recorded the maximum plant height (57.92cm), fresh weight of shoot (43.70g), dry weight of shoot (11.33g), number of pod per plant (31.81), pod length (15.55cm), shelling percent (76.87%), harvest index (26.82%), seed yield per plant (17.35g) and seed yield per hectare (25.22q). The maximum days for 50 per cent flowering were taken with the application of N6 nutrient level which was significantly higher over other nutrient levels. Among the varieties Swarna Priya (V3) recorded the highest growth, yield parameters and yield in French bean. Earliest 50% flowering was recorded in variety Contender followed by Arka Komal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aquaporin proteins are part of the complex response of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to drought which affects the quality and quantity of yield of this important crop. To better understand the role of aquaporins in common bean, drought-induced gene expression of several aquaporins was determined in two cultivars, the more drought tolerant Tiber and the less tolerant Starozagorski čern. The two bean cultivars were selected among 16 European genotypes based on the tolerance to drought determined by time needed for plants to wilt after withholding irrigation and yield at harvest. The expression patterns of two plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, PvPIP1;2 and PvPIP2;7, and two tonoplast intrinsic proteins, PvTIP1;1 and PvTIP4;1 in leaves of 21 day old plants were determined by RT-qPCR in both cultivars under three degrees of drought stress, and under rehydration and control conditions. Gene expression of all four examined aquaporins was down-regulated in drought stressed plants. After rehydration it returned to the level of control plants or was even higher. The responses of PvPIP2;7 and PvTIP1;1 during drought and rehydration were particularly pronounced. The gene expression of PvPIP2;7 and PvTIP4;1 during drought was cultivar specific, with greater down-regulation of these two aquaporins in drought tolerant Tiber. Under drought stress the relative water content and water potential of leaves were higher in Tiber than in Starozagorski plants. The differences in these physiological parameters indicate greater prevention of water loss in Tiber during drought, which may be associated with rapid and adequate down-regulation of aquaporins. These results suggest that the ability of plants to conserve water during drought stress involves timely and sufficient down-regulation of gene expression of specific aquaporins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out in the ICR farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2013-14 and 2014-15 for management of the major pests through development and validation of certain IPM modules. Lesser per cent incidence of aphid (0.60 %) was seen in Module-I than Module-III (2.58 %) and Module-II (6.0 %) and has significant at 5 % probability level. But highest percentage of aphid incidence (13.40 %) was registered in Module-IV. The mean population of thrips varied from 1.0 to 10.0 per cent among the modules. Module-I was found to be superior by recording significantly less incidence of thrips (1.04 %) than Module-III (2.6 %) and Module-II (4.0 %). Considerably higher per cent incidence of thrips was observed in Module-IV (10.0 %). The per cent population of mite was least (1.0 %) in Module-I compared to Module-III (3.0 %) and Module-II (7.6 %). Maximum incidence of mites was recorded in Module-IV (9.0 %). Whitefly incidence was recorded to be minimum (1.2% in Module -I compared to Module-III (2.80 %) and Module-II (4.0 %). The highest percent incidence of whitefly was registered in Module -IV (10.8 %). Module-I was found to be superior by recording significantly less incidence of pod borer (0.40 %) and was significantly differed from Module-III (3.2 %) and Module-II (5.8 %). The highest healthy green bean yield ha-1 was achieved in Module-I (13.99 tha-1) followed by Module-III (13.91 tha-1), Module-II (13.56 tha-1) and Module-IV (9.88 tha-1). The effectiveness of IPM Modules in respect to B:C ratio were obtained to be 2.06, 1.95 and 1.97 from Module-I, II and III respectively. The present experimental findings can be used as alternative for chemical pesticides at farmer's field and will certainly be reduce the detrimental effect of insecticides application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most economically important bean diseases in Africa. One promising control option for the disease is the use of mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties. This research evaluated (1) the reaction of farmer preferred bean varieties to ALS in the screenhouse and on-station and (2) the effect of different spatial arrangements of resistant and susceptible bean varieties on ALS disease development. For the latter, five mixture combinations and two controls were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design having three replicates. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSDs) were used to compare disease levels in both studies above. Varietal screening showed significant differences in varietal reaction to ALS. Screenhouse disease scores ranged between 0 and 5, compared to 0.7–3.9 in the field. For the varietal mixture trial, the lowest disease levels and the highest mixture efficiencies were observed for the combination of equal proportions of the susceptible and resistant varieties randomly mixed (even mixture) prior to planting. We conclude that even mixtures reduce the amount of ALS disease that develops in the season. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, etiologic agent of anthracnose in common bean, is distributed worldwide, having great importance in breeding programs for anthracnose resistance. Several resistance alleles have been identified promoting resistance to this race. However, the variability that has been detected within race has made it difficult to obtain cultivars with durable resistance, because cultivars may have different reactions to each strain of race 65. Thus, this work aimed at studying the resistance inheritance of common bean lines to different strains of C. lindemuthianum, race 65. We used six C. lindemuthianum strains previously characterized as belonging to the race 65 through the international set of differential cultivars of anthracnose and nine commercial cultivars, adapted to the Brazilian growing conditions and with potential ability to discriminate the variability within this race. To obtain information on the resistance inheritance related to nine commercial cultivars to six strains of race 65, these cultivars were crossed two by two in all possible combinations, resulting in 36 hybrids. Segregation in the F2 generations revealed that the resistance to each strain is conditioned by two independent genes with the same function, suggesting that they are duplicated genes, where the dominant allele promotes resistance. These results indicate that the specificity between host resistance genes and pathogen avirulence genes is not limited to races, it also occurs within strains of the same race. Further research may be carried out in order to establish if the alleles identified in these cultivars are different from those described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing both the stakes of traditional European common bean diversity and the role farmers' and gardeners' networks play in maintaining this diversity, the present study examines the role that local adaptation plays for the management of common bean diversity in situ. To the purpose, four historical bean varieties and one modern control were multiplied on two organic farms for three growing seasons. The fifteen resulting populations, the initial ones and two populations of each variety obtained after the three years of multiplication, were then grown in a common garden. Twenty-two Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and 13 phenotypic traits were assessed. In total, 68.2% of tested markers were polymorphic and a total of 66 different alleles were identified. FST analysis showed that the genetic composition of two varieties multiplied in different environments changed. At the phenotypic level, differences were observed in flowering date and leaf length. Results indicate that three years of multiplication suffice for local adaptation to occur. The spatial dynamics of genetic and phenotypic bean diversity imply that the maintenance of diversity should be considered at the scale of the network, rather than individual farms and gardens. The microevolution of bean populations within networks of gardens and farms emerges as a research perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crop species have been deeply affected by the domestication process, and there have been many efforts to identify selection signatures at the genome level. This knowledge will help geneticists to better understand the evolution of organisms, and at the same time, help breeders to implement successful breeding strategies. Here, we focused on domestication in the Mesoamerican gene pool of Phaseolus vulgaris by sequencing 49 gene fragments from a sample of 45 P. vulgaris wild and domesticated accessions, and as controls, two accessions each of the closely related species Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus dumosus. An excess of nonsynonymous mutations within the domesticated germplasm was found. Our data suggest that the cost of domestication alone cannot explain fully this finding. Indeed, the significantly higher frequency of polymorphisms in the coding regions observed only in the domesticated plants (compared to noncoding regions), the fact that these mutations were mostly nonsynonymous and appear to be recently derived mutations, and the investigations into the functions of their relative genes (responses to biotic and abiotic stresses), support a scenario that involves new functional mutations selected for adaptation during domestication. Moreover, consistent with this hypothesis, selection analysis and the possibility to compare data obtained for the same genes in different studies of varying sizes, data types, and methodologies allowed us to identify four genes that were strongly selected during domestication. Each selection candidate is involved in plant resistance/tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and salinity. Overall, our study suggests that domestication acted to increase functional diversity at target loci, which probably controlled traits related to expansion and adaptation to new agro-ecological growing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The source of the tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors of currently consumed common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars could be found in their wild counterparts. But they and their progeny should first be characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the seed, seed germination and seedling emergence of wild and domesticated common bean (P. vulgaris L.) and their progeny. The hypothesis was that one or more characteristics of the progeny are outstanding compared to cultivars. In random samples from three wild accessions (Typical Durango, Chihuahua and S13), two cultivars (Bayo Mecentral and Negro Tacaná) and five progenies (3.3, 11.1, 51b, 53b, and 118b) of the wild S13 and cv. Negro Tacaná: biomass, width, thickness, length, proportion of cotyledons, embryonic axis and seed coat, of the seeds, and percentage of seed germination and seedling emergence were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized, ten treatments (three wild accessions, two cultivars, and five progeny derived from crossing the cultivar Negro Tacaná and wild S13) with 100 replicates, each seed being an experimental unit. The results were analyzed with size frequency curves, ANOVA and multiple comparisons of means with the Tukey test (p≤0.05). Seed biomass (67 to 124 mg), width (4.36 to 5.72 mm), length (2.65 to 4.92 mm) and thickness (6.81 to 8.47 mm) showed a gradient from wild variants and progeny to domesticated variants. Wild seeds and progeny had higher proportion of embryonic axis (1.74% and 2.12%) than domesticated (1.34 %). Seed germination and seedling emergence did not differ between the variants. Only some characteristics of the progeny, as the proportion of cotyledons and embryonic axis in seeds, were higher than in the cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds content were investigated in ten white bean varieties widely consumed in Turkey. Total phenolic contents of seeds varied between 0.33 and 0.63 mg GAE/g. The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) determined by the ABTS assay and the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of bean varieties ranged from 3.50 to 5.17 μmol Trolox/g seed and from 7.99 to 11.20 μmol Fe2+/g seed, respectively. Strong correlations were found between total phenolic content and FRAP (r=0.850) and between TEAC and FRAP (r=0.734). The antioxidant activity was investigated in a β-carotene-linoleic acid model system, as well. Differences in the inhibition of emulsion oxidation by extracts of white bean varieties were slight. The RP-HPLC fingerprint analysis of extracts showed the presence of five dominant phenolic compounds which were described as ferulic or caffeic acids derivatives. Four of them significantly contributed to reducing power and antiradical activity against ABTS•+ of extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]