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In Internet of Things (IoT) applications, user behavior is influenced by factors such as network structure, user activity, and location. Extracting valuable patterns from user activity traces can lead to the development of smarter, more personalized IoT applications and improved user experience. This paper proposes a LIME-based user behavior preference mining algorithm that leverages Explainable AI (XAI) techniques to interpret user behavior data and extract user preferences. By training a black-box neural network model to predict user behavior using LIME and approximating predictions with a local linear model, we identify key features influencing user behavior. This analysis reveals user behavioral patterns and preferences, such as habits at specific times, locations, and device states. Incorporating user behavioral information into the resource scheduling process, combined with a feedback mechanism, establishes an active discovery network of user demand. Our approach, utilizing edge computing capabilities, continuously fine-tunes and optimizes resource scheduling, actively adapting to user perceptions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of feedback control in satisfying diverse user resource requests, enhancing user satisfaction, and improving system resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Hydronidone (HDD) is a novel pirfenidone derivative developed initially to reduce hepatotoxicity. Our previous studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that HDD treatment effectively attenuates liver fibrosis, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether HDD exerts its anti‐fibrotic effect by inducing apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) through the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Methods: The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐ and 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐induced liver fibrosis models were used for in vivo studies. In vitro studies were conducted using the human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2. The apoptotic effect of HDD on aHSCs was examined using TUNEL and flow cytometry assays. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was employed to downregulate the expression of interest genes. Results: HDD treatment significantly promoted apoptosis in aHSCs in both the CCl4‐ and DDC‐induced liver fibrosis in mice and LX‐2 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDD triggered ERS and subsequently activated the IRE1α‐ASK1‐JNK pathway. Furthermore, the influx of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm was increased, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately triggering apoptosis in aHSCs. Notably, inhibition of IRE1α or ASK1 by siRNA partially abrogated the pro‐apoptotic effect of HDD in aHSCs. Conclusions: The findings of both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that HDD induces apoptosis in aHSCs via the ERS‐associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, potentially contributing to the amelioration of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Liver fibrosis is a wound‐healing reaction that eventually leads to cirrhosis. Hydronidone is a new pyridine derivative with the potential to treat liver fibrosis. In this study, we explored the antifibrotic effects of hydronidone and its potential mode of action. Methods: The anti‐hepatic fibrosis effects of hydronidone were studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐ and 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐ induced animal liver fibrosis. The antifibrotic mechanisms of hydronidone were investigated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The antifibrotic effect of hydronidone was further tested after Smad7 knockdown in HSCs in mouse models of fibrosis. Results: In animal models, hydronidone attenuated liver damage and collagen accumulation, and reduced the expression of fibrosis‐related genes. Hydronidone decreased the expression of fibrotic genes in HSCs. Impressively, hydronidone significantly upregulated Smad7 expression and promoted the degradation of transforming growth factor β receptor I (TGFβRI) in HSCs and thus inhibited the TGFβ‐Smad signalling pathway. Specific knockdown of Smad7 in HSCs in vivo blocked the antifibrotic effect of hydronidone. Conclusion: Hydronidone ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation via Smad7‐mediated TGFβRI degradation. Hydronidone is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hepatocyte proliferation and collagen I (COLI) secretion are important processes during liver regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the role of CXCL6 in hepatocyte proliferation and COLI secretion. Serum [...]

Exosomal miRNAs activates hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and promote fibrosis. miR-222 was found to be increased in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected hepatocytes, and ferroptosis was reported to ameliorate liver fibrosis (LF). Although miR-222 and ferroptosis have been implicated in LF, the association between miR-222 and ferroptosis and how they coordinate to regulate LF are still not explicit. This study investigates the roles of miR-222 and transferrin receptor (TFRC) in LF. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by flow cytometry. FerroOrange staining was used to measure intracellular iron level. Luciferase reporter assay was adopted to confirm the binding of miR-222 and TFRC. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblots were applied to analyze gene and protein expression. The results showed that supplementation of exosomes derived from HBV-infected LO2 cells remarkably enhanced LX-2 cell activation, evidenced by elevated hydroxyprolin (Hyp) secretion and α-SMA and COL1A2 expression. miR-222 was significantly increased in HBV-Exo. Overexpressing miR-222 upregulated cell viability, secretion of Hpy, and expression of α-SMA and COL1A2, which were all blocked by overexpression of TFRC. Further study showed that TFRC was a target of miR-222, and miR-222 promoted LX-2 cell activation through suppressing TFRC-induced ferroptosis in LX-2 cells. Exosomal miR-222 derived from HBV-infected hepatocytes promoted LF through inhibiting TFRC and TFRC-induced ferroptosis. This study emphasizes the significance of miR-222/TFRC axis in LF and suggests new insights in clinical decision making while treating LF. Exosomes derived from HBV-infected LO2 cells promote LX-2 cell activation and liver fibrosis in mouse Exosomal miR-222 derived from HBV-infected LO2 cells promotes LX-2 cell activation TFRC is a target of miR-222 and inhibits LX-2 cell activation induced by miR-222 miR-222 promotes LX-2 cell activation through inhibiting TFRC-induced ferroptosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daqu is the natural starter for Nong-flavor Baijiu brewing. The effects of Daqu properties on the microbial community succession and their metabolites in fermented grains (FG) during Baijiu brewing were determined. These results showed that the effect of Daqu on the bacterial communities was stronger than that of the fungal communities. Compared with the conventional Daqu (DZ), Taikong (TK), and Qianghua (QH), Daqu significantly enhanced the content of volatile metabolites (especially esters) and ethanol when they were used, respectively, for FG fermentation. In the second round of fermentation, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased, the content of lactic acid decreased, and that of caproic acid increased. In particular, the abundance of Lactobacillus was also reduced by 20% in FGs of the second round when TK Daqu was used than that in the respective first round. Partial least squares structural equation model analysis also showed that physicochemical parameters and Daqu properties significantly affected FG community structure and metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the effect of high-quality Daqu on the quality of fresh Baijiu and lays an important theoretical foundation for the stabilization of the Baijiu fermentation system based on Daqu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of an accurate recognition of tea picking through tea picking robots, an edge device detection method is proposed in this paper based on ShuffleNetv2-YOLOv5-Lite-E for tea with one bud and two leaves. This replaces the original feature extraction network by removing the Focus layer and using the ShuffleNetv2 algorithm, followed by a channel pruning of YOLOv5 at the neck layer head, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the model size. The results show that the size of the improved generated weight file is 27% of that of the original YOLOv5 model, and the mAP value of ShuffleNetv2-YOLOv5-Lite-E is 97.43% and 94.52% on the pc and edge device respectively, which are 1.32% and 1.75% lower compared to that of the original YOLOv5 model. The detection speeds of ShuffleNetv2-YOLOv5-Lite-E, YOLOv5, YOLOv4, and YOLOv3 were 8.6 fps, 2.7 fps, 3.2 fps, and 3.4 fps respectively after importing the models into an edge device, and the improved YOLOv5 detection speed was 3.2 times faster than that of the original YOLOv5 model. Through the detection method, the size of the original YOLOv5 model is effectively reduced while essentially ensuring recognition accuracy. The detection speed is also significantly improved, which is conducive to the realization of intelligent and accurate picking for future tea gardens, laying a solid foundation for the realization of tea picking robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mutations/variants in mitochondrial genomes are found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the pathophysiology of this disease remains largely unknown. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and T2DM. Methodology: A maternally inherited T2DM pedigree is underwent clinical, genetic, and molecular assessment. Moreover, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the matrilineal relatives of this family are PCR amplified and sequenced. We also utilize the phylogenetic conservation analysis, haplogroup classification, and the pathogenicity scoring system to determine the T2DM-associated potential pathogenic mtDNA variants. Result: Four of seven matrilineal relatives of this pedigree suffered from T2DM with variable ages of onset. Screening for the entire mtDNA genes of matrilineal members reveals co-existence of ND5 T12338C and tRNAAla T5587C variants, as well as 21 genetic polymorphisms which belong to East Asian haplogroup F2. Interestingly, the T12338C variant causes the alternation of first amino acid Met to Thr, shortened two amino acids of ND5 protein. Furthermore, T5587C variant is located at position 73 in the 3'end of mt-tRNAAla and may have structural and functional consequences. Conclusions: The co-occurrence of ND5 T12338C and tRNAAla T5587C variants may impair the mitochondrial function, which are associated with the development of T2DM in this family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pu-erh tea, Camellia sinensis is a traditional Chinese tea, one of the black teas, originally produced in China's Yunnan Province, named after its origin and distribution center in Pu-erh, Yunnan. Yunnan Pu-erh tea is protected by geographical Indication and has unique quality characteristics. It is made from Yunnan large-leaf sun-green tea with specific processing techniques. The quality formation of Pu-erh tea is closely related to the soil's environmental conditions. In this paper, time-by-time data of the soil environment of tea plantations during the autumn tea harvesting period in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, in 2021 were analyzed. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted between the inner components of Pu'er tea and the soil environmental factor. The analysis showed that three soil environmental indicators, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH, were highly significantly correlated. The soil environmental quality evaluation method was proposed based on the selected soil environmental characteristics. Meanwhile, a deep learning model of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Network for the soil environmental quality of tea plantation was established according to the proposed method, and the soil environmental quality of tea was classified into four classes. In addition, the paper also compares the constructed models based on BP neural network and random forest to evaluate the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the indicators for comparative analysis. This paper innovatively proposes to introduce the main inclusions of Pu'er tea into the classification and discrimination model of the soil environment in tea plantations, while using machine learning-related algorithms to classify and predict the categories of soil environmental quality, instead of relying solely on statistical data for analysis. This research work makes it possible to quickly and accurately determines the physiological status of tea leaves based on the establishment of a soil environment quality prediction model, which provides effective data for the intelligent management of tea plantations and has the advantage of rapid and low-cost assessment compared with the need to measure the intrinsic quality of Pu-erh tea after harvesting is completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and yield of the fresh Baijiu mainly depend on the activity of pit mud (PM) and the quality of Daqu. However, the cultivation of PM is a long-term process, and high-quality Daqu can change the community structure of fermented grain (FG) and accelerate the evolution of PM communities. The present research aimed to investigate the four different types of Daqu on the FG-fermenting microbial community structure and metabolites and their interphase interactions with PM. These results show that Kroppenstedtia in the bacterial community of Taikong Daqu (TK) was positively correlated with ethyl caproate, which significantly increased the content of FG volatile metabolites, especially lipid components, and facilitated the accelerated evolution of Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales in PM. Bacillus has a high relative abundance in Qianghua Daqu (QH), which shows obvious advantages to improving the alcoholic strength of FG and contributing to increasing the abundance of Methanomicrobiales in PM. Qianghua and traditional-mixed Daqu (HH) have a similar bacterial composition to QH and a similar fungal composition to traditional Daqu (DZ), and thus also showed the advantage of increased yield, but the volatile flavor metabolites produced were not as dominant as DZ. β-diversity analysis showed that in TK fermentation systems, FG is more likely to domesticate the structure of PM microorganisms. These results indicated that the interaction between microbial communities in Baijiu fermentation niches was significantly influenced by different Daqu. It can not only enhance the key volatiles in FG but also accelerate the evolving direction of the community in PM. Daqu fortified by functional genera or microbiota can evolve a community structure more suitable for Baijiu fermentation. The microbiota composition and interaction between the communities in both Daqu and PM significantly impacts the yield and quality of the base liquor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightning rods have been developed to prevent damage caused by lightning to organisms. However, the biological effect of the current transmitted into the soil through lightning rods is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of lightning on soil properties, the microbial community, and the active components of Pu-erh tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) near lightning rods. The results showed that the contents of organic matter and available potassium, copper, and calcium in rhizosphere soil near the lightning rod were significantly higher than those in control soil (P < 0.05), while the contents of total potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and aluminum decreased. Lightning significantly increased the bacterial diversity of Pu-erh rhizosphere soil compared to control soil samples (P < 0.05). Sphingomonas, Nitrospira , and Reyranella were significantly enriched in soil samples near the lightning rod compared to soil samples far from the lightning rod. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that adenosine/AMP kinase, chitodextrinase, flavorubredoxin, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere soil samples near the lightning rod compared to the control samples (P < 0.05). β diversity analysis indicated the grounding of the lightning rod contributed to the community differentiation of rhizosphere bacteria. Amino acids, polyphenols, and soluble sugar increased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod, while the contents of catechin and anthocyanin decreased in Pu-erh tea near the lightning rod compared with the control sample (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found among microbial indicators, soil properties, and Pu 'er tea components. This study serves as the first report on the effects of lightning rods on soil properties, microecology, and plant metabolism, which promotes the understanding of the biological effects of lightning, and provides a reference for the rational use of lightning resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]