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Active slow-moving landslides in clayey soils exhibit continuous movements generally controlled both in the accelerating and decelerating phases by the pore-water pressure regime that, in turn, is strictly correlated to the net rainfall regime. The paper stresses the importance of a reliable groundwater model to predict these types of movements. To this aim a procedure is proposed to define the transient groundwater regime in the slope on the basis of recorded rainfall and monitoring data; the model is then used to derive the time-dependent shear strength along the main slip surfaces. The displacements at selected points along the slip surface are computed using a phenomenological (i.e., empirical) relationship between the local factor of safety and the displacement rate at those points. The procedure is employed for the analysis of a well-documented case history: the Porta Cassia landslide (central Italy). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000323 CE Database subject headings: Landslides; Groundwater models; Displacement. Author keywords: Active slow-moving landslides; Groundwater modeling; Landslides displacement scenarios.

An inverse analysis procedure that uses construction monitoring data to update predictions of deformations for supported excavation systems is presented. The numerical procedure is used to optimize the finite element model of a 12.2-m-deep excavation through Chicago glacial clays by minimizing the errors between monitoring data and computed displacements. The field observations are obtained from inclinometer data that measured lateral movements of the soil behind the supporting walls on opposite sides of the excavation throughout construction. Five construction stages are defined for the inverse analysis. At every new construction stage, the inclinometer data relative to that stage are added to the observations already available to 'recalibrate' the model of the excavation. The constitutive responses of the soils are represented by the hardening-soil (H-S) model. Of the six basic H-S input parameters, only one parameter per layer is optimized, while the other parameters are either kept constant or related to the updated value of the optimized parameter. The methodology is effectively used to recalibrate the model of the excavation at early construction stages, such that good 'predictions' are made of the behavior of the soil at later stages. CE Database subject headings: Excavation; Construction methods; Deformation; Clays; Cold region; Illinois.

The performance of an excavation support system for a subway station renovation project in Chicago and its effects on an adjacent, shallow-foundation supported building are presented. The 13-m-deep excavation was made through soft to medium stiff clays and was supported by a 900-mm-thick secant pile wall, one level of cross-lot bracing, and two levels of tiebacks. Design considerations are discussed and construction procedures are summarized. Field performance data were collected, including lateral soil movements at five locations, building settlements along the exterior wall and interior columns, support system loads, and observations of building damage. As planned in the design, minor damage occurred to nonload bearing portions of the building. Of the 38 mm of maximum lateral movement adjacent to the building, 9 mm occurred during wall installation, 16 mm developed as the soil was excavated, and 13 mm occurred during tunnel demolition and station renovation as a result of soil creep and reduction of wall stiffness. Settlements extended beyond the secant pile wall a distance approximately equal to the depth of the secant pile wall. The effect of excavation was to cause larger settlements within the affected zone, but not to expand the width of the settlement trough. When distortions exceeded approximately 1/960, damage began to manifest itself in the nonload bearing portions of the building. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) 1090-0241 (2002) 128:8(660) CE Database keywords: Soft soils; Supports; Shallow foundations; Excavation; Chicago; Illinois; Underground structures.