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• A comprehensive physiopathological mathematical model for cardiopulmonary autonomic regulation with detailed regulation process in paced deep breathing is proposed. • The optimization algorithm and sensitivity analysis are managed to obtain the assessments of cardiopulmonary autonomic regulation through solving the model. • The assessments of cardiopulmonary autonomic regulation could help to delve into the details of the regulatory process to diagnose hypertension and coronary heart disease. Autonomic dysfunction can lead to many physical and psychological diseases. The assessment of autonomic regulation plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases. A physiopathological mathematical model for cardiopulmonary autonomic regulation, namely Respiratory-Autonomic-Sinus (RSA) regulation Model, is proposed in this study. A series of differential equations are used to simulate the whole process of RSA phenomenon. Based on this model, with respiration signal and ECG signal simultaneously acquired in paced deep breathing scenario, we manage to obtain the cardiopulmonary autonomic regulation parameters (CARP), including the sensitivity of respiratory-sympathetic nerves and respiratory-parasympathetic nerves, the time delay of sympathetic, the sensitivity of norepinephrine and acetylcholine receptor, as well as cardiac remodeling factor by optimization algorithm. An experimental study has been conducted in healthy subjects, along with subjects with hypertension and coronary heart disease. CARP obtained in the experiment have shown their clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cardiomyopathies have been increasingly noted in the captive population of Livingstone's fruit bat ( Pteropus livingstonii). The aim of this study was to produce a set of repeatable quantitative reference measurements that could be used to assess the cardiac size during radiographic examination of this species. Ventro-dorsal and lateral radiographs ( n = 129) from a total of 42 individual Livingstone's fruit bats were examined. The control group radiographs ( n = 102) consisted of 34 healthy individuals. Radiographic measurements were taken of structures within the thorax and then converted into ratios. These ratios from radiographs ( n = 27) were also calculated for eight individuals with diagnosed cardiomyopathy. Vertebral Heart Scores (VHS) were calculated from right lateral radiographs and compared between the two groups. From all the data, only the width of the cardiac silhouette to the width of the thorax (the W : T ratio) in the ventro-dorsal view and the VHS were found to be significantly different between both groups ( P < 0.05). The group with cardiomyopathies had a mean W : T ratio of 0.59 (±0.005) and a VHS of 9.77 (±0.89), while a mean W : T ratio of 0.54 (±0.004) and a VHS of 8.71 (±0.93) was established for healthy specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently several brands of multichannel SQUID-systems for application in biomagnetism are commercially available. However, these devices are widely differing in SQUID specifications, gradiometer construction, sensor configuration and other parameters. The distortion of temporal recordings of the magnetic field due to varying sensor constructions has been evaluated. Examples of cardiac measurements show clearly that such data differ from each other. Therefore, these data cannot directly be compared in multicentric clinical studies. This contribution presents a method for comparison of signals recorded with different sensor systems. This method transforms the recorded signals into signals of a reference system. The recorded signals are modeled by means of a multipole virtual generator, which is then used to compute the signals in the reference system. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated for measurements of the heart magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]