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The reservoir of sulphur accounting for sulphur depletion in the gas of dense clouds and circumstellar regions is still unclear. One possibility is the formation of sulphur chains, which would be difficult to detect by spectroscopic techniques. This work explores the formation of sulphur chains experimentally, both in pure H |$_2$| S ice samples and in H |$_2$| O:H |$_2$| S ice mixtures. An ultrahigh vacuum chamber, ISAC, eqquipped with FTIR and QMS, was used for the experiments. Our results show that the formation of H |$_2$| S |$_x$| species is efficient, not only in pure H |$_2$| S ice samples, but also in water-rich ice samples. Large sulphur chains are formed more efficiently at low temperatures (⁠|$\approx$| 10 K), while high temperatures (⁠|$\approx$| 50 K) favour the formation of short sulphur chains. Mass spectra of H |$_2$| S |$_x$|⁠ , x = 2–6, species are presented for the first time. Their analysis suggests that H |$_2$| S |$_x$| species are favoured in comparison with S |$_x$| chains. Nevertheless, the detection of several S |$_x^+$| fragments at high temperatures in H |$_2$| S:H |$_2$| O ice mixtures suggests the presence of S |$_8$| in the irradiated ice samples, which could sublimate from 260 K. ROSINA instrument data from the cometary Rosetta mission detected mass-to-charge ratios 96 and 128. Comparing these detections with our experiments, we propose two alternatives: (1) H |$_2$| S |$_4$| and H |$_2$| S |$_5$| to be responsible of those S |$_3^+$| and S |$_4^+$| cations, respectively, or (2) S |$_8$| species, sublimating and being fragmented in the mass spectrometer. If S |$_8$| is the parent molecule, then S |$_5^+$| and S |$_6^+$| cations could be also detected in future missions by broadening the mass spectrometer range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) was detected in the gas towards interstellar clouds, hot cores, protostars, and comets. Its formation in ice mantles was proposed, and acetic acid awaits detection in the infrared spectra of the ice as most of the other complex organic molecules except methanol. The thermal annealing and UV-irradiation of acetic acid in the ice was simulated experimentally in this work under astrophysically relevant conditions. The experiments were performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. An ice layer was formed by vapour deposition onto a cold substrate, and was warmed up or exposed to ultraviolet (UV) photons. The ice was monitored by infrared spectroscopy, while the molecules desorbing to the gas phase were measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The transformation of the CH3COOH monomers to cyclic dimers occurs at 120 K, and the crystal form composed of chain polymers was observed above 160 K during warm-up of the ice. Ice sublimation proceeds at 189 K in our experiments. Upon UV-irradiation, simpler species and radicals are formed, which leads to a residue made of complex molecules after warm-up to the room temperature. The possible formation of oxalic acid needs to be confirmed. The photodestruction of acetic acid molecules is reduced when mixed with water in the ice. This work may serve to search for the acetic acid photoproducts in lines of sight where this species is detected. A comparison of the reported laboratory infrared spectra with current JWST observations allows to detect or set upper limits on the CH3COOH abundances in interstellar and circumstellar ice mantles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair loss may change the quality of life since modern society considers hair an essential element in beauty definition. The most common causes of hair loss are androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE). AGA requires a lifetime use of minoxidil or finasteride (and sometimes they lose efficacy over the years), whereas TE has no standardized therapy available. Our study focuses on a novel topical regenerative preparation that, by mimicking autologous PRP, can safely and efficiently improve hair loss in patients affected by TE and AGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of methanol among the common ice components in interstellar clouds and protostellar envelopes has been confirmed by the James Webb Space Telescope (McClure et al. 2023). Methanol is often detected in the gas phase towards lines of sight shielded from UV radiation. We measured the volumetric density of methanol ice grown under simulated interstellar conditions and the infrared spectroscopy at different deposition temperatures and during the warm-up. The IR band strengths are provided, and the experimental spectra are compared to those computed with a model. The transition from amorphous to crystalline methanol ice was also explored. Finally, we propose new observations of methanol ice at high resolution to probe the methanol ice structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: at the end of November 2019, coinciding with the emergence of the Omicron variant appearance in Spain, an increase in COVID-19 infections was observed in military personnel immunised with different types of primary vaccines regimens at the Rota Health Headquarters. Objectives: to determine if there are any differences in the time elapsed between the primary vaccination pattern and the disease development between the vaccination modalities. As a secondary objective, to know if the type of primary vaccination was associated with the development of symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 disease. Methods and results: descriptive survival study (from November 2021 to February 2022). Data collection was carried out through the "COVID-19 Infection Case Notification Sheet". The study focused on homologous patterns. Of the 120 people who became infected, 67,2 % received the primary regimen from Pfizer, 16,4 % from AstraZeneca, 12,1 % from Moderna, and 4,3 % from Janssen. According to the Kaplan-Meier curve, after 186 days post-vaccination, it was observed that there was an increase in the risk of infection greater than 50 %. There was a greater than 50 % increase in the risk of infection at 186 days after vaccination. The log rank test showed that there were differences in the time since the last dose and the time of COVID-19 infection between the different vaccine types (p <0.03). Cox regression was performed to determine the behaviour of the survival curves for each vaccine type, which confirmed these differences (p <0.036). Hazard Ratios showed that subjects vaccinated with Moderna had 2,76 times greater chance of COVID-19 infection in the period starting 186 days after vaccination, compared to those vaccubated wutg AstraZeneca (CI 95 % 1,37-5,55), (p <0.004). 53 % of subjects had symptoms versus 47 % who were asymptomatic. No significant differences were obtained between the type of homologous vaccine regimen and the -clinical course of the disease (p <0.22). Conclusions: There was a decrease in vaccine efficacy with homologous regimens at 6 months. Subjects vaccinated with AstraZeneca had lower probability of infection at 186 days than those vaccinated with Moderna. No association was found between the clinical form of the infection and the homologous regimen administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation to study experimentally CO ice under mimicked interstellar conditions is supported by the large CO gas abundances and ubiquitous presence of CO in icy grain mantles. Upon irradiation in its pure ice form, this highly stable species presents a limited ion and photon-induced chemistry, and an efficient non-thermal desorption. Using infrared spectroscopy, single laser interference, and quadrupole mass spectrometry during CO ice deposition, the CO ice density was estimated as a function of deposition temperature. Only minor variations in the density were found. The proposed methodology can be used to obtain the density of other ice components at various deposition temperatures provided that this value of the density is known for one of these temperatures, which is typically the temperature corresponding to the crystalline form. The apparent tendency of the CO ice density to decrease at deposition temperatures below 14 K is in line with recently published colorimetric measurements. This work allowed us to revisit the value of the infrared band strength needed for calculation of the CO ice column density in infrared observations, 8.7 × 10−18 cm molecule−1 at 20 K deposition temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article calls for guidance on patient care in maternal intrapartum infection cases. It emphasizes the need to consider whether pregnancy was natural or achieved through medically assisted procreation (MAP) techniques as MAP pregnancies may entail higher risk of gestational hypertension and other abnormalities. It identifies adverse outcomes in infants born via waterbirth and conditions linked to peripartum infectious risk. It suggests making a diagnosis of fetal position via ultrasound.

This article discusses the case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and clitoromegaly. Ultrasound examination revealed a unilateral solid rounded hypoechoic lesion within the right ovary, which was later confirmed to be a Leydig cell tumor. Leydig cell tumors are rare, usually benign, and often associated with hirsutism and virilization. The tumor in this case displayed characteristics consistent with Leydig cell tumors, including small size, regular margins, and moderate to high vascularization. The patient underwent a conservative surgical treatment to preserve fertility, and her testosterone levels returned to normal after the surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently pandemic. Even most cases are self-limiting, the SARS-CoV-2 TE could be associated with dermal fibrosis and permanent reduction in hair density in susceptible patients. These cytokines leads to multi-functional cells activation as the pericytes playing a role in perivascular inflammation.[10] All of these pathogenetic mechanisms may explain the presence of fibrosis in the scalp of our patients. [Extracted from the article]

Antecedent and objectives: overweight and obesity in Navy personnel can cause loss of physical aptitude and complications in the development of missions. The main objective is to demonstrate that an intervention based on the promotion of healthy habits for 12 months, can reduce the Body Mass Index (BMI) and improve biochemical parameters in personnel affected by overweight or obesity. Material and Methods: quasi-experimental study, correctional, longitudinal, correctional and comparative (pre-test and post-test) for 12 months, with two groups, intervention (IG) and control (CG). The sample included 42 military personnel (n=21 per group), with a BMI higher than 28 kg/m². It was carried out in two periods: the first period was carried out on board a frigate, taking advantage of its participation during a mission; the second since the end of the mission until completing the 12 months. 18 personalized sessions were held, focused on promoting healthy habits in both diet and promote physical activity. Anthropometric and biochemical dates were monitored in the IG. In the CG, BMI data were obtained at the beginning and end of the study. Results: During the first period, in the IG there was a decrease in BMI of 33,71 to 30,91 kg/m² (p<0.05); Adherence is consistent (90,5 %). After 6 months a decrease in the number of participants (76,2 %) and an increase in BMI with respect to the values of the first half (from 30,91 kg/ m² to 31,82 kg/m²) were observed. A decrease in BMI was demonstrated at the end of the intervention. There is an improvement in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.04) and triglycerides (p<0.029). No significant changes were seen in GC. Conclusions: the effect of the nursing intervention based on the promulgation of healthy life habits decreases the BMI in personnel affected by overweight and obesity and improves certain biochemical parameters related to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una circunstancia desafortunada en la práctica docente en disciplinas de carácter experimental es la falta de renovación de los ejercicios que se pueden llevar a cabo en los laboratorios, y en el caso de la Física, sobre todo a nivel secundario, la casi imposibilidad de contrastar de manera vivida las consideraciones planteadas sobre un tablero. Por otra parte, los costos de los equipos empleados en la docencia han presentado una traba, no siempre justificada, que culmina de manera demasiado fácil: simplemente no hay laboratorio. Las anteriores consideraciones, entre otras, nos anima a presentar la siguiente práctica experimental, la cual es susceptible de ser empleada en el Bachillerato, o incorporarse en la Universidad en los experimentos que a tal nivel se realicen sobre temas de Mecánica. Mediante una serie de preguntas de tipo conceptual se va guiando al estudiante para que comprenda cual es el objetivo de la práctica, e inclusive para que poco a poco él mismo realice el montaje experimental. Finalmente la toma de una serie de datos (parte fundamental en todo experimento) y su posterior análisis le permite verificar cuantitativamente el problema propuesto y reflexionar sobre posibles fuentes de error, modificaciones y/o alternativas al experimento. A continuación presentamos una guía de la práctica donde incluimos la Figura 3, y una tabla de datos de mediciones realizadas por nosotros, que pone de manifiesto la bondad del experimento diseñado, mas aun, al tenerse en cuenta lo económico del montaje propuesto.

The study of thermal properties of frozen salt solutions representative of ice layers in Jovian moons is crucial to support the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), due to the scarcity of experimental measurements. Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to −70 °C in a climatic chamber. Temperature and calorimetry were measured during the course of the experiments. An interesting side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the frozen salt solutions, even for very low salt concentrations. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements. These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): G. M. Muñoz Caro [1]; U. J. Meierhenrich (corresponding author) [2, 3]; W. A. Schutte [1]; B. Barbier [2]; A. Arcones Segovia [1]; H. Rosenbauer [4]; W. H.-P. Thiemann [...]

Introduction: Non‐invasive diagnostic methods in clinical dermatology are widely used to reduce the need for invasive techniques, with great advantages in terms of cost and time. Dermoscopy is the reference test for the in vivo diagnosis of cutaneous lesions, and when it is performed on the scalp region it is named trichoscopy. Fluorescence advanced videodermoscopy (FAV) has been lately proposed as a new non‐invasive method for the in vivo skin examination at high magnification, with cell‐level resolution. So far, it has shown promising results for the assessment of melanocytic and vascular lesions and for the in vivo diagnosis of parasitosis. Objectives: This observational study aims to perform, for the first time, a morphologic study of healthy scalp and scalp elementary lesions using FAV and to compare it with trichoscopy. Methods: We enrolled 90 healthy individuals for the evaluation of the scalp using FAV. Then, we recruited 53 patients with alopecia and collected images of the elementary lesions using FAV and trichoscopy. Results: Three hundred healthy scalp FAV images of different epidermal layers, papillary dermis, follicular ostia and healthy hair shafts were collected. Three hundred and eighty FAV and trichoscopic images of alopecic scalp elementary lesions were collected, showing that FAV provided a more detailed observation than trichoscopy, with higher magnification and cellular resolution. Conclusion: Fluorescence advanced videodermoscopy may represent a new valid technique of support to trichoscopy, adding further information, increasing chances of diagnosis and decreasing the need of invasive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors discuss the need for targeted strategies in addressing the mental health care issues and psychiatric risk factors in peripartum patients. Other topics include the medicolegal impacts of insufficient psychological/psychiatric patient assessment, the high risk of developing psychiatric conditions during postpartum, and the risk of relapse from discontinuation of psychiatric therapeutic drugs.

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At the low temperatures found in the interior of dense clouds and circumstellar regions, along with H2O and smaller amounts of species such as CO, CO2 or CH3OH, the infrared features of CH4 have been observed on icy dust grains. Ultraviolet (UV) photons induce different processes in ice mantles, affecting the molecular abundances detected in the gas phase. This work aims to understand the processes that occur in a pure CH4 ice mantle subjected to UV irradiation. We studied photon-induced processes for the different photoproducts arising in the ice upon UV irradiation. Experiments were carried out in ISAC, an ultra-high vacuum chamber equipped with a cryostat and an F-type UV lamp reproducing the secondary UV field induced by cosmic rays in dense clouds. Infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry were used to monitor the solid and gas phases, respectively, during the formation, irradiation and warming-up of the ice. Direct photodesorption of pure CH4 was not observed. UV photons form CH x · and H· radicals, leading to photoproducts such as H2, C2H2, C2H6 and C3H8. Evidence for the photodesorption of C2H2 and photochemidesorption of C2H6 and C3H8 was found; the latter species is so far the largest molecule found to photochemidesorb. 13CH4 experiments were also carried out to confirm the reliability of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dense clouds of the interstellar medium, dust grains are covered by ice mantles, dominated by H2O. CO and CO2 are common ice components observed in infrared spectra, while infrared inactive N2 is expected to be present in the ice. Molecules in the ice can be dissociated, react, or desorb by exposure to secondary ultraviolet photons. Thus, different physical scenarios lead to different ice mantle compositions. This work aims to understand the behaviour of 13CO : N2 and 13CO2 : N2 ice mixtures submitted to ultraviolet radiation in the laboratory. Photochemical processes and photodesorption were studied for various ratios of the ice components. Experiments were carried out under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at 12 K. Ices were irradiated with a continuous emission ultraviolet lamp simulating the secondary ultraviolet in dense interstellar clouds. During the irradiation periods, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used for monitoring changes in the ice, and quadrupole mass spectrometry for gas phase molecules. In irradiated 13CO2 : N2 ice mixtures, 13CO, 13CO2, 13CO3, O2, and O3 photoproducts were detected in the infrared spectra. N2 molecules also take part in the photochemistry, and N-bearing molecules were also detected: NO, NO2, N2O, and N2O4. Photodesorption rates and their dependence on the presence of N2 were also studied. As it was previously reported, 13CO and 13CO2 molecules can transfer photon energy to N2 molecules. As a result, 13CO and 13CO2 photodesorption rates decrease as the fraction of N2 increases, while N2 photodesorption is enhanced with respect to the low UV-absorbing pure N2 ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a disorder that is generally unknown and it supposes a challenge for the health's personnel who receiving it. The etiology is variable and it can occur spontaneously due to causes related to the opening of the mouth such as yawning, laughing, singing... Clinically the patient has an open mouth in the form of yawning, anxiety and pain. The treatment of choice is its reduction through the Nelaton maneuver that must be carried out as soon as possible. We present a case of a patient with a bilateral anterior dislocation of the TMJ who underwent successful Nelaton maneuvers, without the need for administration of relaxants and analgesics at the time of execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice mantles detected on the surface of dust grains towards the coldest regions of the interstellar medium can be photoprocessed by the secondary ultraviolet (UV) field present in dense cloud interiors. In this work, we present UV-irradiation experiments under astrophysically relevant conditions of pure NH3 ice samples in an ultra-high vacuum chamber where solid samples were deposited on to a substrate at 8 K. The ice analogues were subsequently photoprocessed with a microwave-discharged hydrogen-flow lamp. The induced radiation and photochemistry led to the production of H2, N2 and N2H4. In addition, photodesorption to the gas phase of the original ice component, NH3, and two of the three detected photoproducts, H2 and N2, was observed thanks to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). Calibration of the QMS allowed quantification of the photodesorption yields, leading to Ypd (NH3) = 2.1-1.0+2.1 × 10-3 molecules/incident photon, which remained constant during the whole experiments, while photodesorption of H2 and N2 increased with fluence, pointing towards an indirect photodesorption mechanism involving energy transfer for these species. Photodesorption yield of N2 molecules after a fluence equivalent to that experienced by ice mantles in space was similar to that of the NH3 molecules (Ypd (N2) = 1.7-0.9+1.7 × 10-3 molecules/incident photon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the clinical, parasitological and pathological findings in a 6-year-old intact female European cat with thoracic and peritoneal tetrathyridiosis, characterized by genital involvement. Physical examination and X-ray evaluation revealed laboured breathing and several pulmonary nodules suggestive of cancer. However, necropsy demonstrated a parasitic aetiology of the disease. Histologically, multifocal granulomas were detected in the lungs, uterus and ovary. Parasitological examination permitted identification of the intestinal parasites as Mesocestoides lineatus, which was later confirmed by molecular examination. The larval forms in the peritoneal and chest cavity were identified as the second stage of the Mesocestoides sp. cestode named Tetrathyridia spp. The chronic injuries observed and the rapid course of the disease from the onset of the symptoms until death suggested a long period without clinical signs and indicate that overt disease can potentially be triggered by a failure of the immune system. The observed oophoritis and metritis identify tetrathyridiosis as a possible differential diagnosis in genital dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of deficits in 142 Nd/ 144 Nd in mafic rocks of the Nuvvuagittuq supracrustal belt (NSB) has triggered a debate about the possible preservation of Hadean (pre-3.85 Ga) crustal remnants in the little-known but areally extensive Innuksuac complex (3.6–3.8 Ga, Inukjuak domain, Northeast Superior Province, Canada). Geochronological investigations in the NSB, however, are hampered by the poor preservation and highly disturbed isotopic record of various mafic (amphibolite) lithologies that host the 142 Nd anomalies. Here we present 146 Sm– 142 Nd and 147 Sm– 143 Nd data for rocks of extrusive magmatic and sedimentary protoliths from the Ukaliq supracrustal belt, a newly discovered volcano-sedimentary enclave enclosed in granitoid gneisses of the Inukjuak domain. Our study also includes the first 146 Sm– 142 Nd data for quartz-magnetite rocks (banded iron-formation; BIF) of the NSB and the Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt (ISB) in southern West Greenland. We show that Ukaliq amphibolites carry variably negative 142 Nd anomalies, ranging from 0 to −10 ppm, which are positively correlated with their Sm/Nd ratio. If considered as an isochron relationship, the 146 Sm– 142 Nd array yields an apparent Hadean emplacement age of 4215 − 76 + 50 Ma . The negative 142 Nd anomalies, however, appear to be mainly restricted to amphibolites with boninitic affinities, likely reflecting inheritance from an enriched mantle source. In contrast, tholeiitic and ultramafic lavas have normal μ 142 Nd regardless of their Sm/Nd ratio. Furthermore, BIF from Ukaliq and Nuvvuagittuq lack the negative 142 Nd anomalies that should have been produced by in situ decay of 146 Sm had these sediments been deposited prior to ca. 4.1 Ga. Instead, they exhibit μ 142 Nd identical to that measured in Isua BIF. Collectively, our results suggest that the 146 Sm– 142 Nd array characterizing mafic lithologies of Ukaliq and Nuvvuagittuq is an inherited signature with doubtful chronological significance. We interpret the volcanic protoliths of the Innuksuac complex to have been produced by metasomatically triggered melting of a variably enriched Eoarchean mantle, following addition of felsic melts and/or fluids derived from a foundering Hadean mafic crust. Application of coupled 146,147 Sm– 142,143 Nd chronometry to Ukaliq lavas yields a model age of differentiation of 4.36 − 0.06 + 0.05 Ga for this Hadean precursor. This is similar to late-stage crystallization ages inferred for the lunar and terrestrial magma oceans. The long-term preservation of Earth's primordial crust points to subdued lithospheric recycling in the post-magma ocean Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agri-environment schemes (AESs) were implemented to reduce the loss of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems. This study aimed to assess whether AESs at either local or landscape scale increase the carabid abundance-activity and species richness. Carabids were sampled in 496 fields in a 430 km 2 study area of central-western France. Based on the extensiveness of the agricultural practices involved, the different AES types were aggregated into three categories (AES EXT+ , AES EXT++ and AES EXT+++ ) forming a gradient of extensiveness in farming practices. We sampled 20 fields in each of the three AESs categories. Each AES fields was paired with conventional fields. A series of statistical models were built to test the balance between the effects of AESs on either the carabid abundance-activity or species richness. AESs affected carabid abundance-activity and species richness both locally and at landscape scale (local characteristics having a greater effect than landscape composition). Carabid diversity benefited from AESs only when the most extensive practices were implemented, i.e. organic farming in cereal crops and delayed cutting in alfalfa. In addition, the local effects of organic farming and delayed cutting coverage interacted positively with these AESs at landscape scale. These results demonstrate that non-targeted organisms can benefit from AES management. They further emphasize the need to consider both local and landscape conditions when studying the effects of AESs on biodiversity. As only the most extensive practices had significant effects at both local and landscape scales, management must be planned strategically in space to ensure that AESs are distributed within the landscape to amplify their positive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]