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INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent bacterial diseases in pediatrics. The incidence of UTI in pediatric patients is not known with accuracy. In newborns is estimated in 1% with a larger proportion in males, while in infants increase between 3 to 5% with the same proportion for both sex. OBJECTIVE: Characterize clinically and epidemiologically the profile of infants diagnosed with UTI in the Pediatric service of the Regional Hospital of Antofagasta. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records of patients diagnosed with UTI by the end of the period of May 2009 - May 2010 from the unit of infants in the Pediatric Service of the Regional Hospital of Antofagasta were analyzed. The final sample was 88 patients. The data was analyzed using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. RESULTS: 71,5% were women. The average age was 8,9 month in a range between 0,5 and 23 month. Most frequent symptoms were fever (97,7%), vomit (30,7%), diarrhea (23,1%), lack of appetite (21,6%) and crying/irritability (16%). The alterations in laboratory was CRP high (96%), pyuria (94,3%) and leukocytosis (87,5%). Only were record the 85, 2% of urine culture of which the most frequent pathogenic agent was Escherichia coli in the 84% of the cases. DISCUSSION: The UTI in infants in our study was more frequent in women and its predominant symptom is fever. The most common germ was Escherichia coli which agree the literature. We value the importance of ask for urine culture to microbiological confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconia, ZrO2, is a material that has been studied by physical and chemical analysis of fundamental character, it allows numerous technological applications. Scientific investigation of these materials is centered in the study of the structure-properties relationship and in the use of new synthesis methods that allow the design of ceramic materials based on zirconia with desired characteristics. In this work tetragonal ZrO2 powders, doped with calcium oxide (CaO), were obtained by chemical methods. The Polymeric Precursor method (Pechini) and Controlled Precipitation method guaranteed stoichiometry and particle size control and nanometric and high purity material. The samples were characterized using thermal analysis DTA/TG, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging deeply influences several morphologic and functional features of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Morphologic studies have reported a loss of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in elderly subjects, and several abnormalities involving myelinated fibers, such as demyelination, remyelination and myelin balloon figures. The deterioration of myelin sheaths during aging may be due to a decrease in the expression of the major myelin proteins (P0, PMP22, MBP). Axonal atrophy, frequently seen in aged nerves, may be explained by a reduction in the expression and axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins in the peripheral nerve. Aging also affects functional and electrophysiologic properties of the PNS, including a decline in nerve conduction velocity, muscle strength, sensory discrimination, autonomic responses, and endoneurial blood flow. The age-related decline in nerve regeneration after injury may be attributed to changes in neuronal, axonal, Schwann cell and macrophage responses. After injury, Wallerian degeneration is delayed in aged animals, with myelin remnants accumulated in the macrophages being larger than in young animals. The interaction between Schwann cells and regenerative axons takes longer, and the amount of trophic and tropic factors secreted by reactive Schwann cells and target organs are lower in older subjects than they are in younger subjects. The rate of axonal regeneration becomes slower and the density of regenerating axons decrease in aged animals. Aging also determines a reduction in terminal and collateral sprouting of regenerated fibers, further limiting the capabilities for target reinnervation and functional restitution. These age-related changes are not linearly progressive with age; the capabilities for axonal regeneration and reinnervation are maintained throughout life, but tend to be delayed and less effective with aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine iatrogenic pneumothorax rates affected by biopsy gauge size, patient and lesional factors for lung biopsies performed at a small university hospital. Pneumothoraces were observed in 43 patients (24%) for 18-gauge biopsies and 8 patients (17%) for 20-gauge biopsies (P = 0.315). [Extracted from the article]