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1. The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data From Ratings of Young Adolescents

Author

Franco Simonetti, Hyun-Nie Ahn, Yoshiko Shimonaka, Denis Bratko, Khairul Anwar Mastor, Thomas A. Martin, Niyada Chittcharat, Michelle Yik, Chang-Kyu Ahn, Thomas R. Cain, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Norma Reátegui, Katsuharu Nakazato, Lidia Alcalay, Lee Jussim, Marina Brunner-Sciarra, Martina Hřebíčková, Marleen De Bolle, Jarret T. Crawford, Andrzej Sekowski, Jean-Pierre Rolland, Lei Wang, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Vitanya Vanno, Anu Realo, Goran Knežević, Barbara Szmigielska, Jüri Allik, Jose Porrata, Nora Leibovich de Figueroa, Jerzy Siuta, Filip De Fruyt, Florence Nansubuga, Sami Gülgöz, Marek Blatný, Margarida Lima, Michele J. Gelfand, Vanina Schmidt, Waldemar Klinkosz, Paul T. Costa, Antonio Terracciano, Iris Marušić, Ryan Fehr, Maria E. Aguilar-Vafaie, Emília Ficková, Tatyana V. Avdeyeva, Danka Purić, and Robert R. McCrae

Subjects
Extraversion and introversion, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural studies, 050105 experimental psychology, Young adolescents, Developmental psychology, Trait, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Multidimensional scaling, Personality Assessment Inventory, Big Five personality traits, 10. No inequality, Psychology, media_common
Abstract

We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N = 5,109) aged 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, eight of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor, but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted.

Published
2010
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3. Perceptions of Aging Across 26 Cultures and Their Culture-Level Associates.

Author

Löckenhoff, Corinna E., De Fruyt, Filip, Terracciano, Antonio, McCrae, Robert R., De Bolle, Marleen, Costa Jr., Paul T., Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E., Chang-kyu Ahn, Hyun-nie Ahn, Alcalay, Lidia, Allik, Juri, Avdeyeva, Tatyana V., Barbaranelli, Claudio, Benet-Martinez, Veronica, Blatný, Marek, Bratko, Denis, Cain, Thomas R., Crawford, Jarret T., Lima, Margarida P., and Ficková, Emília

Subjects
*AGING, *COLLEGE student attitudes, *INFLUENCE of age on ability, *AGE stereotypes, *FUNCTIONAL loss in older people, *AGE factors in cognition, *CROSS-cultural studies
Abstract

College students (N - 3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

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