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Energy is one of the most critical factors in modern life and its consumption is increasing. Fossil fuels, the main energy sources, are being depleted due to heavy demand, which also contributes to the rising atmospheric temperature, harming both nature and human health. To overcome the energy crisis, improving the energy efficiency of existing technologies is crucial. Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising materials that improve energy efficiency through thermoregulation. By storing thermal energy within a narrow temperature range, PCMs reduce temperature fluctuations, minimizing the energy required to maintain a constant temperature. Buildings consume a large amount of energy for thermoregulation, and the incorporation of microencapsulated PCMs (MPCMs) into building materials can play a crucial role in regulating temperature. This review paper acquaints the reader with PCMs, their types and PCM microencapsulation techniques, which are essential for formulating coatings in the paint industry and other building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, energy has become an important factor in overall development. Most of the energy comes from fossil fuels which are nonrenewable and harmful to our environment. It has become important to develop new application technologies that utilize thermal energy storage (TES) technology. Energy storage technology based on PCMs is a cutting-edge research area with a wide range of potential applications. But the biggest problem of phase change material is its leakage problem, for that the researchers have set up a solution i.e., the microencapsulation techniques. This paper gives an overview of the synthesis of (MPCM) microencapsulated phase change material by using different methodologies and their applications in industrial coatings. Corrosion is the biggest problem in industrial coatings which reduces the working time span and overall performance of the coatings. The incorporation of the micro-PCMs in industrial coatings increases workability as well as the overall performance of the coatings. This review covers the use of MPCM in various industrial coating applications, challenges, and their future directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have shown an association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety, but a quantitative review has not yet been conducted.Objective: We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that elucidates the association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published before October 1, 2019 from the PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. We used a metaanalytic approach to perform a random effects analysis comparing individuals with and without acne. Subgroup analyses between studies included age, study setting, and geographic region.Results: Forty-two studies were included. We found a significant association of acne vulgaris with depression (r = 0.22 [95% confidence interval 0.17-0.26, P < .00001]) and anxiety (r = 0.25 [95% confidence interval 0.19-0.31, P < .00001]). Subgroup analyses and comparisons showed moderating influences based on factors including age, study setting, and geographic region.Limitations: Inconsistency between publications regarding acne and outcome ascertainment, data reporting, and studies with no control group posed considerable barriers to synthesizing all available published literature.Conclusions: Because of an increased risk for depression and anxiety, clinicians should pursue aggressive treatment of acne and consider psychiatric screening or referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Precancerous high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL), the current consensus terminology for anogenital squamous cell carcinoma in situ ( SCCIS), often presents with distinctive histopathologic findings that may be a function of anatomic site or associated human papillomavirus infection. Methods Fifty-six specimens of anogenital HSIL were compared with an equal number of specimens of SCCIS from non-anogenital sites in regard to the presence of parakeratosis, flag sign in the stratum corneum, compact stratum corneum, hypergranulosis, koilocytes, small blue cells, clonal populations of keratinocytes, pagetoid scatter of atypical keratinocytes, clear cell change, glassy red cytoplasm, pigmentation, nuclear/cytoplasmic(N/C) ratio >2/1, nuclear hyperchromasia, pleomorphic nuclei, mitotic figures, abnormal mitotic figures, dyskeratotic keratinocytes, involvement of skin appendages, acantholysis and amyloid deposition. Results Hypergranulosis, koilocytes, small blue cells, pigmentation, nuclear hyperchromasia, dyskeratotic keratinocytes and amyloid deposition were more frequently noted in anogenital HSIL. Parakeratosis, clear cell change, pleomorphic nuclei, skin appendages involvement and acantholysis were strongly associated with non-anogenital location. There was no significant difference in the incidence of the remaining features. Conclusion The strongest predicators of an anogenital location included hypergranulosis, koilocytes, small blue cells and nuclear hyperchromasia. Pigmentation and amyloid deposition were also strongly associated with an anogenital location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm presenting as a slow-growing, indurated nodule, papule or plaque. Clinically, the lesion can blend into the surrounding skin, obscuring borders and consequently delaying diagnosis histologically. Surgical and histologic techniques that emphasize examination of all margins may optimize management through early diagnosis and prevention of recurrences.Objective: This review aims to assess the current surgical and histology techniques that result in lower rates of tumor recurrence and, consequently, better clinical outcomes.Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies examining wide local excision (WLE), Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy in the treatment of MAC.Results: WLE had a high likelihood of positive margins and local recurrence. MMS was found to have the lowest recurrence rates. Definitive RT could be considered for elderly patients or those who are poor surgical candidates, as large surgical defects may be required to obtain free margins with either WLE or MMS. Chemotherapy was found to be ineffective.Conclusion: Complete margin evaluation with MMS permits complete tumor removal with subsequently low recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Herbal medicines are used by thousands of patients all over the world. However, they can often cause adverse effects. Turmeric, made from the root of Curcuma longa, is a yellow spice used throughout South Asia for its flavor as well as for its medicinal properties. Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric. It is known for downregulating the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and has been studied for its anti-inflammatory mechanism. However, it has also been reported to cause contact dermatitis. Kumkum, a turmeric-based powder applied by Hindu women on their foreheads, has also been found as an allergen. Objective: The authors have reviewed the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin and reports of contact dermatitis to understand the possible harmful effects of this commonly used spice, while also examining its beneficial role in dermatologic conditions. They aim to increase awareness regarding this common herb and its prevalent use not only in South Asia, but also in North America. Methods: A thorough literature search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies that examined the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin and its role in contact dermatitis. Results: Eleven studies demonstrate that although curcumin does have anti-inflammatory properties, it is an allergen. Conclusion: Curcumin has many valuable properties that can be exploited to treat dermatologic conditions. However, patients and dermatologists must be keen of possible allergic reactions. Further studies are needed to completely understand this widely used herb and its efficacy in dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder caused by immunoglobulin A autoantibodies produced against several different antigens in the basement membrane zone. Clinically, it is characterized by tense vesicles or bullae, which on histopathological exam demonstrate subepidermal blister with a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate. A smooth, linear pattern of immunoglobulin A deposition in the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence is considered the gold standard for establishing a diagnosis. Treatment consists of dapsone or sulfapyridine. The authors report a 60-year-old woman who presented with pruritic erythematous patches and plaques on her trunk, back, and legs without blisters, who was diagnosed with eczema for several months with no response to prior treatments. A biopsy was performed, which was consistent with linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis and later confirmed by direct immunofluorescence studies. The authors present this case to increase awareness of this rare disease, which could manifest in a nonclassical, nonblistering fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of the nature and condition of metastatic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) in adolescent. It cites the case of a 14-year-old white boy presented with chief concern of having a pimple and a lump on his right upper lip. It also discusses the condition of the patient and the suggestion for surgical treatments with prolonged follow-up for the improvement of the condition.