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Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) diving is increasingly popular in Taiwan. There are few references in the literature regarding pulmonary hemorrhage as the sole manifestation of pulmonary barotrauma in scuba divers, and no study from Taiwan was found in the literature. We present the case of a 25-year-old man who suffered alveolar hemorrhage related to pulmonary barotrauma as a complication of scuba diving. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a Taiwanese subject suffering from non-fatal pulmonary hemorrhage after scuba diving.

The article discusses the case of a 52-year-old man who had a fever accompanied by cough with yellowish sputum for about one month. In November 2010, the patient presented with clear breathing sounds but a palpable, fixed lymph node over the right supraclavicular area. The patient was diagnosed of having pulmonary Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS), a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells with overtly malignant cytologic features.