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Surarong Chinwong,1 Jayanton Patumanond,2 Dujrudee Chinwong,1 John Joseph Hall,3 Arintaya Phrommintikul4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; 3Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Background: For investigations into cardiovascular disease, the first problematic event (ie, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS), nonfatal stroke, or all-cause mortality) generally was considered as the primary end point; however, ACS patients often experience subsequent events, which are rarely considered. This study reports an investigation into whether achieving a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal of

Dujrudee Chinwong,1,2 Jayanton Patumanond,3 Surarong Chinwong,1 Khanchai Siriwattana,4 Siriluck Gunaparn,5 John Joseph Hall,6 Arintaya Phrommintikul5 1Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Clinical Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 3Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; 4Division of Medicine, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 6Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Background: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality; however, the LDL-C goal for therapy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is controversial and varies among guidelines. This study aimed to assess the effect of reaching an LDL-C goal of

Dujrudee Chinwong,1,2 Jayanton Patumanond,3 Surarong Chinwong,1 Khanchai Siriwattana,4 Siriluck Gunaparn,5 John Joseph Hall,6 Arintaya Phrommintikul5 1Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Clinical Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 3Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; 4Division of Medicine, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 6Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Background: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Current guidelines recommend an LDL-C target of

Background: E-cigarette use was associated with health effects, including lung injury. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the university students’ health belief in e-cigarette use associated with lung injury based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: We collected data using an online self-administered questionnaire from December 2020 to February 2021 from university students at two universities in northern Thailand who were currently using e-cigarettes. The HBM was measured using questions with a 4-Likert-scale answer (1=strongly disbelieve,2=disbelieve,3=believe,4=strongly believe), then the answers were categorized into 2 groups (belief and disbelief). Results: Of 306 students (61% men, the mean age of 21.8 3.0 years), 53% used both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes, and 47% used only e-cigarettes. It showed that 74% of students believed that if they used e-cigarettes, they were at risk of lung injury (HBM: perceived susceptibility), and 68% believed that they had a chance to die from lung injury caused by using e-cigarettes (HBM: perceived severity), and 76% believed that quitting e-cigarettes could reduce the chance of death from lung injury (HBM: perceived benefits). Most students (62%) believed that the strongest barrier for quitting e-cigarettes was that it required a high effort and strong intention (HBM: perceived barriers of quitting e-cigarette), and 76% of students perceived their self-efficacy and believed that when they intended to quit e-cigarettes, they would be successful (HBM: perceived self-efficacy). Most participants believed that family members (78%), lovers (75%), and university restrictions (53%) exerted a positive influence in quitting e-cigarettes (HBM: cues to action). Conclusions: The HBM helps us to understand using e-cigarettes associated with lung injury among university students. The university should initiate health promotion activities concerning reducing e-cigarettes use among adolescents and young adults. Key messages: Using e-cigarettes is dangerous for health including lung injury, and university students should stop using e-cigarettes. The university should initiate or enhance prevention and health promotion activities concerning reducing e-cigarettes use among adolescent and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]