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Most pharmaceutical compounds can benefit from being produced with a small particle size to enhance processing or therapeutic performance. Confined liquid impinging jets (CLIJ) were employed in this study to evaluate the feasibility and limitations in the production of nanodrugs (i.e., particle size in the nanorange). Four drugs from different pharmaceutical classes and water solubilities - salbutamol sulfate, mannitol, ibuprofen, and cyclosporine - were examined. Particles of salbutamol sulfate and cyclosporine with diameters of approximately 300 nm were successfully achieved. The use of CLIJ thus shows potential in the production of nanopharmaceuticals for certain compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dynamic vapor sorption (organic-DVS) was used to characterize amorphous content in known amorphous-crystalline mixtures of lactose and salbutamol sulfate. N-octane was chosen as an apolar probe and measurements were carried out by exposing mixtures of each sample to partial pressures 0–90% p/p0. A linear relationship between amorphous content and n-octane partial pressure was observed for both lactose and salbutamol sulfate with R2 values of 0.992 and 0.999, respectively. In addition, the influence of sequential mechanical processing in a ball mill on the amorphous content in crystalline lactose was investigated. Cumulative milling times resulted in an exponential increase in amorphous content (using the linear relationship obtained for lactose), with a maximum amorphous content of 14% being induced after 60 min milling. In comparison, analysis of the 60 min mill time samples after exposure to 85% relative humidity suggested 0.00% amorphous content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]