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Hong Kyun Kim,1 Kyoung Yul Seo,2 Kyung Chul Yoon,3 Chul Young Choi,4 Tae-Young Chung,5 Joon Young Hyon,6 Alexis Rendon,7 Hyun Seung Kim8 1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 2Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Cornea Dystrophy Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; 7Alcon Vision LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA; 8Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun Seung Kim, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Email sara514@catholic.ac.krPurpose: This study assessed post-market clinical outcomes of the Clareon monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) preloaded in the AutonoMe Delivery System in a real-world setting of Korean patients.Methods: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study in Korea was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. Patients were ≥ 20 years old with unilateral or bilateral cataracts who received Clareon IOLs (CNA0T0) preloaded in an automated injector system. Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) were evaluated under photopic conditions. Surgeon delivery system preference was assessed using a survey questionnaire. Glistenings, surface haze, adverse events, posterior capsule opacification (PCO), and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were also assessed during the 12-month postoperative follow-up.Results: Mean ± SD monocular BCDVA was 0.02 ± 0.11 and 0.00 ± 0.10 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. BCDVA of 0.2 logMAR or better was achieved by 94.4% and 99.1% of eyes at 1 month and 12 months after implantation, respectively. Mean monocular UCDVA was 0.11 ± 0.14 and 0.07 ± 0.13 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. UCDVA of 0.3 logMAR or better was achieved by 97.4% of eyes at 12 months after implantation. Preparation of the automated injector system was rated as “very easy” or “easy” and CNA0T0 IOL delivery was rated as “very controllable” or “controllable” by all surgeons. Only grade 0 glistenings and no surface haze were observed during the 12-month follow-up. No clinically significant PCO or Nd:YAG capsulotomy were reported throughout the study; clinically nonsignificant PCO was reported in 23% of eyes.Conclusion: This 12-month real-world study of the CNA0T0 IOL and the automated injector system demonstrated excellent visual outcomes and high surgeon satisfaction.Keywords: visual acuity, intraocular lens delivery, glistenings, surface haze, surgeon’s preference questionnaire

Chul-Yung Choi,1 Seung-Sik Cho,2 In-Soo Yoon3 1Department of Natural Medicine Research, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, 2Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 3Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea Abstract: Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae), also known as oriental raisin tree, is used in traditional herbal medicine. Its extracts have been reported to show various pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotection, antitumor, antiatopic dermatitis, antilipid peroxidation, antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic activities. However, there have been no reports on the effect of H. dulcis extracts in relieving constipation so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hot-water extract of the branches of H. dulcis (WEHD) on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in Sprague Dawley rats. The in vivo laxative activity of WEHD was assessed by measuring the intestinal transit of charcoal meal and stool parameters. Furthermore, the in vitro spasmogenic activity of WEHD was evaluated by monitoring the temporal profiles of contraction of rat colon in the absence or presence of WEHD. In addition, constituent profiling was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pretreatment with WEHD significantly enhanced the intestinal transit of charcoal meal and increased the frequency and weight of stools in rats. In addition, the frequency and amplitude of contractile responses of isolated rat colon were markedly enhanced by WEHD. Two organic phenolic acids, ferulic and vanillic acids, were identified in WEHD, of which vanillic acid exhibited spasmogenic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the laxative and spasmogenic activities of H. dulcis and its constituents, suggesting that WEHD can serve as a complementary and/or alternative laxative in alleviating chronic constipation. Keywords: Hovenia dulcis, constipation, low-fiber diet, charcoal meal, vanillic acid, laxative

Purpose: To assess the effect of ocular media opacity on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized clinical study, ocular examinations and OCT measurements were performed on 77 cataract patients, 80 laser refractive surgery patients and 90 patients whose signal strength on OCT was different on two consecutive measurements. None of the eyes had preexisting retinal or optic nerve pathology, including glaucoma. Cataracts were classified according to the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III). All eyes were scanned with the Stratus OCT using the Fast RNFL program before and three months after surgery. Internal fixation was used during scanning and all eyes underwent circular scans around the optic disc with a diameter of 3.4 mm. Results: Average RNFL thickness, quadrant thickness and signal strength significantly increased after cataract surgery (P<0.05). Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts, but not nuclear cataracts, had a significant influence on RNFL thickness measurements (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between OCT parameters before and after laser refractive surgery. In eyes for which different signal strengths were observed, significantly larger RNFL thickness values were obtained on scans with higher signal strengths. Conclusion: OCT parameters are affected by ocular media opacity because of changes in signal strength; cortical cataracts have the most significant effect followed by posterior subcapsular opacities. Laser refractive procedures do not seem to affect OCT parameters significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To report ultramicrostructures of anterior capsule of sunflower cataract by the transmission electron microscopic study (TEM) Methods A 37‐year‐old male with liver cirrhosis was referred to department of ophthalmology due to visual disturbance. She has bilateral sunflower cataract & Kayer‐Fleischer ring. Her right eye underwent phacoemulsification with a CCC and intraocular lens implantation. 1. Anterior capsule preparation for transmission electron microscopic examination(TEM) 2. Cross section image by energy filtered TEM 3. Elemental analysis : High‐angle annular dark‐field(HAADF) scanning TEM (STEM) with energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX) Results TEM shows the multiple heterogeneous dense deposits in the anterior lens capsule. HAADF‐STEM shows bright particle deposits. EDAX shows high emission peaks for copper. Conclusion This is first report of TEM study for anterior capsule of sunflower cataract. We found the multiple heterogeneous dense deposits in the anterior lens capsule. And we confirmed that copper was a component of these particles using EDAX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To determine the retinal vascular caliber and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes without retinopathy. Digital fundus photographs of the right eye were selected for measurement. The caliber of all retinal vessels passing through an area 0.5 to 1 disc diameter around the optic disc was measured using automated computer software (Zeiss AV ratio). Seventy seven age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included in the study as a control. Results The mean AVR was 0.801 ± 0.068 in the diabetic patients compared to 0.762 ± 0.054 in the control group (P < 0.001). Higher AVR was significantly associated with increasing blood HbA1c levels (r2 = 0.106, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant correlation between AVR and body mass index (P = 0.478). Conclusion The rise in AVR seems to be an early feature of retinal vascular caliber in type 2 diabetes and correlates with an elevated blood HbA1c level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]