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Objectives: To date, studies have not provided definitive answers regarding whether previous immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment alters outcomes for cancer patients with COVID-19. Methods: The OnCovid registry (NCT04393974) was searched from February 27, 2020, to January 31, 2022, for patients who received systemic anti-cancer therapy in the 4 weeks before laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Propensity-score matching using country, vaccination status, primary tumor type, sex, age, comorbidity burden, tumor stage, and remission status investigated differences in predefined clinical outcomes comparing those who had or had not received ICIs. Results: Of 3523 patients screened, 137 ICI-only and 1378 non-ICI met inclusion criteria. Before matching, ICI patients were older, male, enrolled at centers in Italy, and had histories of smoking, thoracic cancers, advanced cancer stages, and active malignancies (P ≤0.02). After matching, there were 120 ICI and 322 non-ICI patients. ICI patients had no differences (odds ratio: 95% CI) in presenting COVID-19 symptoms (0.69: 0.37-1.28), receipt of COVID-specific therapy (0.88: 0.54-1.41), 14-day (0.95: 0.56-1.61), or 28-day (0.79: 0.48-1.29) mortalities. However, ICI patients required less COVID-19-related hospitalization (0.37: 0.21-0.67) and oxygen therapy (0.51: 0.31-0.83) and developed fewer complications (0.57: 0.36-0.92). Conclusion: In this propensity-score matched analysis, previous ICI therapy did not worsen and potentially improved COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer.

Products that activate plant defense mechanisms, such as white mold, may increase the disease control spectrum in canola crops as an alternative to chemical control for disease management, aiming at lower environmental impacts and selection pressure on pathogens. This study evaluated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control and resistance induction in canola crops with alternative products. In vitro and detached leaf experiments were conducted in a laboratory, and in vivo experiments occurred in a greenhouse. High Roots®; V6®; Maxi Flor®; Wert Plus®; potassium, manganese, and copper phosphites; manganese; procymidone fungicide; and Ascophyllum nodosum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis extracts assessed S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth in vitro in detached leaves, white mold severity in a greenhouse, and enzymatic analysis in leaf tissues. The last two experiments also received the acibenzolar-S-methyl and Trichoderma asperellum treatments. S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth showed 100% inhibition under B. subtilis and Wert Plus® at 1000 ppm and procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppm in vitro. The procymidone and B. subtilis treatments in detached leaves inhibited 100% of fungus growth. The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®. Higher peroxidase enzyme activity occurred in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite, and fungicide 48 hours after pathogen inoculation. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme did not show activity. Alternative products were responsive and may aid the chemical control of white mold in canola crops.

Abstract Background The taxonomy of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is based on a classification system focused on the description of clinicopathological features of KS in geographically and clinically diverse populations. The classification includes classic, endemic, epidemic/HIV associated and iatrogenic KS, and KS in men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed the medical relevance of the current classification of KS and sought clinically useful improvements in KS taxonomy. Methods We reviewed the demographic and clinicopathological features of 676 patients with KS, who were referred to the national centre for HIV oncology at Chelsea Westminster hospital between 2000 and 2021. Results Demographic differences between the different subtypes of KS exist as tautological findings of the current classification system. However, no definitive differences in clinicopathological, virological or immunological parameters at presentation could be demonstrated between the classic, endemic or MSM KS patients. Reclassifying patients as either immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed, showed that the immunosuppressed group had a significantly higher proportion of adverse disease features at presentation including visceral disease and extensive oral involvement, classified together as advanced disease (chi2 P = 0.0012*) and disseminated skin involvement (chi2 P

Background & Aims: HIV-seropositivity shortens survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although risk factors for HCC including HCV infection can influence T cell phenotype, it is unknown whether HIV can influence functional characteristics of the T cell infiltrate. Methods: From the Liver Cancer in HIV biorepository, we derived 129 samples of transplanted (76%) or resected (20%) HCC in eight European and North American centres. We profiled intra- and peritumoural tissue to evaluate regulatory CD4+/FOXP3+ and immune-exhausted CD8+/PD1+ T cells in HIV+ (n = 66) and HIV- (n = 63) samples. We performed targeted transcriptomics and T-cell receptor sequencing in a restricted subset of samples evaluated in relationship with HIV status. We correlated immunopathologic features with patients’ characteristics including markers of HIV infection. Results: Of the 66 HIV+ patients, 83% were HCV coinfected with an undetectable HIV viral load (51%) and a median blood CD4+ cell count of 430 cells/mm3 (range 15–908). Patients who were HIV+ were compared with HIV- controls with similar staging characteristics including Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A–B (86% vs. 83%, p = 0.16),

Objectives: Tenofovir DF (TDF) remains one of the preferred backbone agents for naïve HIV patients starting antiretroviral treatment (ART). The impact of TDF on renal function and metabolic parameters may vary by anchor agent. We investigated the impact of TDF in combination with 3 different integrase inhibitors on tubular and glomerular function, and metabolic parameters in ART-naïve patients. Methods: Sixty patients with normal renal function were randomised (20 per arm) to TDF/emtricitabine (FTC) plus either raltegravir (RAL) (400 mg b.d.), dolutegravir (DTG) or elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/c) for 48 weeks. Results: 57 patients completed the study. Significant increases in RBP/creatinine ratio at week 24 were seen in all arms [RAL +4.7 μg/mmol (CI 0.43 to 8.98, p = 0.032); DTG +4.96 μg/mmol (CI 0.77 to 9.15, p = 0.021); EVG/c +6.95 μg/mmol (CI 2.53 to 11.36, p = 0.002)], although this was not sustained to week 48 in the RAL arm. Similar changes across the arms were observed for urinary α1microglobulin (RAL +6.20 mg/L, p = 0.030; DTG +6.30 mg/L, p = 0.025; EVG/c +8.15 mg/L, p = 0.003). Urinary β2microglobulin significantly increased at week 24 with DTG and EVG/c but remained unchanged in the RAL arm. Glomerular filtration measured with CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C increased significantly in the RAL arm at week 24 through 48 but declined modestly in other two arms. Total and LDL cholesterol decreased in the RAL arm, but increased in the EVG/c arm, with no significant changes in the DTG arm. Weight increased significantly from baseline with DTG but not RAL or EVG/c. Conclusion: INSTIs in combination with TDF/FTC impact differently on tubular microproteinuria, eGFR, metabolic markers and weight. Use of TDF/FTC with RAL had the least tubular effects and the most favorable metabolic profile.

We describe the case of a 35-year-old HIV-positive male of African origin diagnosed with neurotoxoplasmosis and a Nannizziopsis spp. cavitating pulmonary lesion unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The patient presented with headache, left hemiparesis and confusion. MRI of the brain showed two space-occupying lesions in the right basal ganglia and left parietal lobe typical for neurotoxoplasmosis. The patient tested positive for HIV and had advanced CD4 lymphopenia. After commencement of antiretroviral treatment, a CT scan of the chest showed a cavitating lesion in the right upper lobe. The diagnosis of Nannizziopsis spp. fungal infection was confirmed by DNA sequencing on a bronchial wash sample. The patient achieved complete recovery with antiretroviral therapy, standard neurotoxoplasmosis treatment and antifungal treatment with voriconazole for 12 weeks.

The occurrence of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean (Glycine max L.) has increased in the last harvests. In order to study the efficiency of powdery mildew control due to the application of alternative products and conventional fungicide, trials were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments for the experiments were: 1 - control; 2 - acibenzolar-S-methyl (Bion 500 WG®); 3 - calcium (Max Fruit®); 4 - Micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc (Wert Plus®); 5 - Micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum (V6®); 6 - NK fertilizer (Hight Roots®); 7 - Ascophyllum nodosum (Acadian®) and 8 - fungicide (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) (Priori XTRA®) with the addition of the adjuvant. Four applications of alternative products (phenological stages V3, V6, R1 and R5.1) and two of fungicide (phenological stages R1 and R5.1) were carried out. The parameters evaluated were powdery mildew severity and productivity. The severity data made it possible to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPG). Alternative products didn’t reduce powdery mildew in the two harvests. The conventional fungicide treatment was the only one that controlled powdery mildew and didn’t reduce the productivity in both experiments.

ABSTRACT: In the last crop seasons, the complex of late season diseases (CLSD) of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)), has been causing considerable reductions in the crop yield. Currently, there are no cultivars resistant to all pathogens that causes CLSD. The present study evaluated the effect of applying the acibenzolar-S-methyl resistance inducer, alternative products and fungicide on the severity of CLSD in the soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crops, in the field. The treatments for the experiments were: 1 - control (water); 2 - acibenzolar-S-methyl; 3 - calcium; 4 - micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc; 5 - micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum; 6 - nitrogen-potassium fertilizer; 7 - Ascophyllum nodosum and 8 - azoxystrobin + cyproconazole with the addition of the adjuvant. Four applications of alternative products and two of fungicide were carried out in both harvests. A diagrammatic scale assessed the severity of CLSD at the phenological stage R7.1. The acibenzolar-S-methyl resistance inducer, alternative products (macro and micronutrients) and A. nodosum had no effect on the severity of CLSD in the two harvests. The fungicide (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) reduced the severity of CLSD and prevented damage to productivity in both experiments.

O levantamento de fauna silvestre se baseia uma série de observações, a fim de catalogar espécimes em dada região. Objetivou avaliar a diversidade de fauna no “Terra Parque”, município de Pirapozinho através do monitoramento por armadilha fotográfica e observação direta e elaborar placas informativas quanto à taxonomia. A área foi percorrida a pé, 3 câmeras automáticas foram implantadas, modelo “HC300 Hunting Trail Câmera” fixadas em árvores e coletas de dados de acordo com a existência de vestígios e pegadas. As câmeras foram acionadas para funcionar initerruptamente, registrando indivíduos em atividade diurna e noturna. Iscas de cheiro foram utilizadas para atrair os animais. Os fragmentos do estudo foram divididos em 2 campanhas. A primeira por 05 dias consecutivos na estação da primavera (outubro/2017), início da estação chuvosa, com 120 horas. A segunda campanha de 5 dias de esforço amostral, que totalizou 120 horas. Perfazendo 10 dias de levantamento de fauna com 240 horas. Análises obtidas do processo de monitoramento foram descritivas. Identificados mamíferos através de vestígios e pegadas: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; Identificação pela câmera AF1, resultou nas imagens de répteis - Salvator merianae e mamíferos - Dasypus novemcinctus e Nasua nasua. AF2 resultou em mamífero Leopardus pardalis. A elaboração de placas taxonômicas foi estabelecida. O relevo no município é colinoso, bioma de Mata Atlântica, com área de restrição legal ao uso, sendo esta para refúgio de fauna e uma Tº média anual inferior a 22°C e clima Tropical típico, com estações definidas: inverno seco e verão chuvoso. Armadilhas em pontos estratégicos de áreas com indícios de ocorrência de mamíferos, em contrapartida para répteis é de difícil amostragem, por serem animais inconspícuos. Porém, foram capturados. Conclui-se a importância do monitoramento para identificação dos espécimes para maximizar os esforços de conservação a nível local, tratando-se de um estabelecimento turístico.

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Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumour caused by KS-associated herpesvirus and is an AIDS-defining illness. Despite a decline in incidence since the introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy, KS remains the most common cancer in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. This review reflects on recent epidemiological data as well as current management, unmet needs and future perspectives in the treatment of HIV-associated KS with particular emphasis on the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic cancer and is associated with poor prognosis, a high mortality rate, and a substantial number of healthy life years lost. Surgical resection is the primary treatment option for patients with resectable disease; however, only 10–20% of all patients with PDAC are eligible for resection at the time of diagnosis. In this context, neoadjuvant therapy has the potential to increase the number of patients who are eligible for resection, thereby improving the overall survival rate. For patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy, computed tomography (CT) remains the primary imaging tool for assessing treatment response. Nevertheless, the interpretation of imaging findings in this context remains challenging, given the similarity between viable tumor and treatment-related changes following neoadjuvant therapy. In this review, following an overview of the various treatment options for PDAC according to its resectability status, we will describe the key challenges regarding CT-based evaluation of PDAC treatment response following neoadjuvant therapy, as well as summarize the literature on CT-based evaluation of PDAC treatment response, including the use of radiomics. Finally, we will outline key recommendations for the management of PDAC after neoadjuvant therapy, taking into consideration CT-based findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO: O míldio da soja é disseminado em todo mundo. Entretanto, o dano que ele causa não tem sido estudado no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quais componentes de rendimento da soja são afetados por essa doença e determinar o coeficiente de dano. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, um em Castro (2006/07) e outro em Ponta Grossa (2007/08), no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com (i) seis tratamentos e cinco repetições para os experimentos de campo, safras 2006/07, e (ii) oito tratamentos e quatro repetições para 2007/08. Foram aplicados fosfito de potássio (750g ia ha-1), propamocarb + fenamidona (900g ia ha-1) e mancozeb (2,400g ia ha-1). Em todos os tratamentos, a severidade máxima da infecção pelo míldio ocorreu no estádio R5.3 e a porcentagem de severidade variou entre 0 e 43%. O gradiente da doença foi obtido apenas na segunda safra. Equações de danos foram geradas para o peso de grãos e produtividade. O número de grãos por vagem e o número de vagens por planta não foram afetados pelo míldio mas o peso de 1000 sementes por planta foi reduzido linearmente com o aumento da severidade do míldio.

Despite the efforts spent in clinical trials in neuro-oncology during the last few decades, many challenges remain in the radiologic evaluation of brain tumors and metastases. This article aims to explain the current use of tumor metrics, especially in phase II clinical trials, to evaluate response to systemic therapy in neuro-oncology. We will discuss the imaging findings associated with progression and with partial, minor, or complete response to treatment, as well as the method of measurement, the distinction between disease-related and treatment-related changes, and inclusion of clinical symptoms to define treatment response and progression. The evaluation of response in brain tumors requires metrics that account for differences in response between high- and low-grade gliomas and specific tumor behaviors associated with radiation and immunotherapy, among other pitfalls. Advanced brain imaging techniques, such as perfusion and permeability imaging, should be incorporated into clinical trials to measure response to novel therapeutic agents more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review : To discuss how advanced breast imaging modalities can supplement standard breast imaging with mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. Recent Findings: For the last 40–50 years, the primary breast cancer screening examination has been mammography which has undergone many changes from xeromammography, film-screen analog, to digital mammography techniques. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) are the most recent advances to digital mammography. Molecular breast imaging (MBI) and positron emission mammography (PEM) are nuclear medicine breast examinations that utilize mammographic positioning and are useful supplements to standard breast imaging examination. Summary: Advances in mammographic techniques have improved the sensitivity and specificity of mammography in detecting breast cancer, demonstrating the extent of disease, and evaluating the response to systemic treatments. Understanding how advanced mammographic techniques fit in with other available breast imaging examinations helps ensure optimal evaluation to help guide treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Benign and malignant breast diseases in young, pregnant and lactating women including pregnancy associated breast cancers will be reviewed. Recent Findings: Compared to breast cancer in older women, poor prognostic indicators such as high nuclear grade, high Ki67 proliferation, estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) may be present in young women. Even among ER + /HER2 cancers, young patients have a poorer prognosis. For pregnant women, the timing of care may be personalized based on gestational age, tumor subtype, clinical stage, and family planning considerations, including induction of labor and preservation of fertility for future pregnancies. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be safely administered during the second and third trimesters, and if necessary, radiation therapy can be given after birth. Summary: Symptomatic concerns warrant prompt imaging evaluation with biopsy to distinguish benign from malignant causes of breast disease in young, pregnant, and lactating women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Increased breast density, among other calculated risk factors, decreases the sensitivity of screening mammography. Several supplementary imaging modalities including breast ultrasound, breast MRI, contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), and molecular breast imaging (MBI) can be used in addition to screening mammograms to increase the sensitivity of cancer detection in above-average-risk women and will be discussed here. Recent Findings: Ultrasound is the most widely used and accessible supplementary screening method that improves the cancer detection rate. MRI, the most sensitive supplemental breast imaging modality, is used to detect and visualize additional cancers in those with a lifetime risk of breast cancer at or greater than 20%. Small studies indicate that CEM has cancer detection rates equivalent to MRI; nevertheless, more evidence is needed to demonstrate its use. MBI has shown promise to be an adjunct to mammography for patients with dense breasts and for situations in which breast MRI is contraindicated. Despite this promising research, the American College of Radiology currently does not recommend the use of MBI for screening. Summary: In women who have a higher-than-average risk of developing breast cancer, additional imaging modalities, such as breast ultrasound, breast magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced mammography, and molecular breast imaging, can be used in conjunction with screening mammograms to increase the sensitivity of cancer detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a mechanism of immune escape utilized by a variety of tumors. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells or in the surrounding infiltrate correlates with clinical responsiveness to novel therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. In the context of HIV-1 infection, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is largely responsive to restoration of immunity following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but there is a subset that is not. We hypothesized that this subset of cART-refractory KS may utilize the PD-L1 pathway of immune escape. We found that PD-L1 expressing KS had a denser CD8+ T cell (p = 0.03) and PD-L1 positive macrophage peritumoral infiltrate (p = 0.04) to suggest the involvement of PD-L1 in shaping an immune-tolerogenic microenvironment in cART-refractory KS. The presence of PD-L1 expression in association with immune-infiltrating cells provides rationale for the clinical development PD-1/PD-L1-targeted checkpoint inhibitors in cART-refractory KS.

Resenha sobre o livre Ecological Intelligence de Daniel Goleman. A resenha se refere a edição em inglês lançado em 2009.

The world population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, which will put greater pressure on natural resources to ensure the nutritional requirements and well-being for such a large population. Enormous investments in agricultural research, health, energy sources, material technologies, policies for poverty reduction and strategies for sustainable development must be made to meet this scenario. Actions to conserve natural resources and ecosystem services are implicit in sustainable development strategies. An increase in the number of public policies being implemented, their results, ongoing projects and research related to environmental conservation are being observed and attest to their current and future relevance. This is a bilingual article presented in English and Portuguese.

Apresentamos ao leitor uma reflexão sobre questões que nos são pertinentes há algum tempo sobre a atividade construtora de representações (atividade linguagem) e as representações construídas que configuram a diversidade de experiências (sujeitos) e de meios expressivos (sistemas semióticos). Dedicamos esforços para dialogar com outras identidades que optaram por caminhos outros na compreensão da especificidade linguística e não-linguística e na sua relação com a linguagem. Em nossa trajetória, articulamos essas especificidades com a atividade de linguagem como ponto de partida da nossa reflexão e a localizamos como a gênese da produção e do reconhecimento do material simbólico (empírico) que é a causa e o efeito do diálogo graças à função integradora de cada situação particular de diálogo e à função estruturante da noção e do domínio nocional. Ao final, oferecemos ao leitor um exercício que coloca em movimento a reflexão desenvolvida neste artigo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources of phosphite to control leaf rust, powdery mildew, yellow and brown spot in the wheat crop in Palmeira, Paraná state, Brazil. The treatments were: four commercial sources of phosphites (A, B, C and D), applied at 1500 mL ha-1, (applied in rate of active product) acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) at 500 mL ha-1 (isolad or association), pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (fungicide) at 400 mL ha-1) and phosphite A with pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (at 300 mL ha-1), phosphite A with pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (400 mL ha-1), acibenzolar-S-methyl with pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (400 mL ha-1) and control (water), . The experimental design adopted was complete randomized blocks with four replications. Regarding diseases, evaluations were done on the determination of severity and the calculation of the area below the curve of the disease progress in the flag leaf and entire plant. Leaf area index, thousand seeds weight, hectoliter weight and yield were also evaluated. Phosphite, independently source, did not act on leaf rust, powdery mildew, yellow and brown spot. The resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl either isolated or associated to other fungicides affected leaf rust and powdery mildew of the wheat. Only phosphites associated to the fungicide controlled diseases, however there was no additional increase in yield whether compared to the control promoted by the fungicide.Foi realizado um experimento no município de Palmeira-PR, visando avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de fosfitos no controle da ferrugem da folha, do oídio e das manchas amarela e marrom na cultura do trigo. Os tratamentos foram: quatro fontes comerciais de fosfitos (A, B, C e D) aplicados na dose de 1500 mL ha-1 (dose de produto ativo) isolado ou associado aos demais produtos, acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) na dose de 500 mL ha-1 (isolado ou associado), piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole (fungicida) na dose de 500 mL ha-1, e as combinações de fosfito A com piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole na dose de 300 mL ha-1, fosfito A com piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole na dose de 400 mL ha-1, ASM com piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole na dose de 400 mL ha-1 e testemunha sem controle. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. No caso das doenças, as avaliações consistiram na determinação da severidade e cálculo de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença em folha bandeira e em planta inteira. Foram avaliados também: índice de área foliar, peso de mil sementes, peso hectolítrico e produtividade. Fosfito, independente das fontes testadas, não apresentou ação sobre ferrugem da folha, oídio, e manchas amarela ou marrom do trigo. O indutor de resistência acibenzolar-S-metil isoladamente ou em associação com fungicidas afetou apenas a ferrugem da folha e o oídio do trigo. Apenas os fosfitos associados ao fungicida controlaram as doenças, mas não houve aumento adicional de produtividade quando comparado com o controle proporcionado somente pelo fungicida.

O propósito deste estudo determinar, em 12 voluntários do Grupo de Busca e Salvamento da Polícia Militar de Santa Catarina, a capacidade de desenvolver trabalho físico na bicicleta ergométrica (cargas escalonadas de 50, 100 e 150 watt) em condições ambientais neutras (28 graus) e subnormal (20 graus), com varredura ampliada da temperatura cutânea (7 sensores periféricos), da temperatura central (sensor piloto) e da temperatura ambiental (sensor referência), a estimativa do VO2 máximo foi efetuada com auxílio do nomograma desenvolvido por Astrand (1960), empregando um cicloergômetro de frenagem magnética da FUNBEC. Já o % de mobilização do VO2 max foi predito pela equação proposta por Katch (1978), empregando o % da mobilidade da FC. Os dados foram tratados através da ferramenta eletrônica MICROSTAT, empregando o artifício estático "t" de student monocaudal. Foi observada uma variação significativa (P < 0.05) na temperatura de repouso entre as duas condições (%= -0.52). Considerando a estimativa do valor padrão (3 watt/Kg), a PWC170 apresentou uma diferença significativa entre médias (%=-14.29). A sobreposição dos pontos térmicos evidenciou um marcado estado de equilíbrio na FC nos minutos finais de cada desempenho biológico, corroborando a hipótese de ajustamento imediato dos sistemas cardiorrespiratório e metabólico para atender a demanda tecidual de oxigênio e nutrientes. Para estudos complementares, sugerimos a utilização da banda inferior da zona hipotérmica (flutuação de 20 a 5 graus Celsius) para que o impacto da condição subnormal produza alterações mais importantes na temperatura central.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of 7-to-14-year-old male and female schoolchildren with regard to their life style and postural habits. It was carried out through a specific protocol for this project, including open and close questions. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: a) parents need to be clarified about their children’s necessity of leisure time; b) the schoolchildren studied spend too little time on sports practice and physical activies; c) their postural habits revealed a predominance of fetal sleeping position on foam rubber mattresses, the use of backpacks to carry their school materials and the sitting position at the desk with flexed legs and the feet touching the floor; d) rural schoolchildren have less leisure time available to practice sports and other specific physical activities because after school time they work with their parents in the fields; e) a high rate of spine radiographies was detected.

Osteoporosis, a common postmenopausal disease in women, is the result of progressive bone loss. It is worldwide considered as a public health problem that either invalidates or incapacitates a large number of persons, being a multifactorial illness whose most important danger besides the estrogen role are the behavior factors (physical inactivity, dietary calcium deficiency) which can easily be modified. Prevention of osteoporosis must start since childhood and follow for a lifetime and special attention must be given to women when they approach menopause. However, keeping hormonal balance, practicing exercises and having a good nutrition calcium intake proved to be the best preventive actions against this disease. The aim of this study was to collect evidences of the influence of physical activity on osteoporosis in menopausal women.

Foram estudadas as alterações morfológicas do sistema locomotor relacionadas à obesidade em 19 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, os quais foram divididos em três grupos, sendo: G1 n = 03 (sexo masculino); G2 n = 04 e G3 12 sujeitos do sexo feminino. A aquisição de dados foi feita através de um sistema de avaliação postural computadorizada - FEF/Unicamp. Resultados: Nos grupos femininos houve maior incidência de ombros caídos, quando comparados com o grupo masculino; o grupo 2 registrou alteração morfológica significativa nos cotovelos; a concentração de gordura corporal na região glútea posterior foi maior para o G1, enquanto nos grupos G2 e G3 a maior concentração se deu na região glútea lateral. Houve incidências de desvios posturais, como: lordose cervical, cifose, hiperlordose, convexidade sacral aumentada, inclinação pélvica, aumento excessivo da região do abdome e diminuição das distâncias entre o meato acústico externo e os ombros.

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o desenvolvimento de formalismos gramaticais de base lexicalista está diretamente relacionado às exigências do PLN. Léxicos estruturados e o formalismo gramatical são centrais para um sistema de PLN. Este trabalho fundamenta-se no desenvolvimento do modelo HPSG, que se impôs no cenário lingüístico e lingüístico-tecnológico como uma teoria lingüística formal que, desde a sua origem, comprometeu-se com descrições lexicalistas, formalmente precisas e computacionalmente tratáveis dos fenômenos lingüísticos. Atualmente, conclui-se que as implementações do modelo HPSG reforçam seu comprometimento com o PLN.This paper aims to associate the development of formal grammars under Lexicalist Hypothesis and requirements of NLP systems. Structured lexicons and formal grammars are required to NLP systems. This work is supported by the development of HPSG model. Since its inception HPSG has been conceived as a formal theory involved with formal descriptions and implementations of linguistic phenomena. Nowadays, HPSP engagement with NLP is reinforced by its implementations for many languages.

O objetivo foi estudar através da eletromiografia de superfície o músculo peitoral maior (porção esternal e porção clavicular) e o músculo serrátil anterior, os potenciais de ação durante a realização de uma seqüência de movimentos das articulações do ombro e acromioclavicular em mulheres que realizaram cirurgias de mama dos tipos mastectomia radical modificada e quadrantectomia. Foi utilizado para as análises eletromiográficas, um Sistema de Aquisisção de Dados ADS1000 contendo 12 canais. Os resultados eletromiográficos expressos em RMS (Root Mean Square) foram analisados e comparados o lado cirúrgico e não cirúrgico; as três repetições da seqüência dos movimentos e entre os tipos de cirurgia mastectomia e quadrantectomia para cada músculo. Para a análise estatística foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) com fator duplo de repetição (p