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Abstract Introduction For some patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), topical corticosteroids (TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), and systemic therapies are inadequate to control disease or are associated with adverse events (AEs). Ruxolitinib cream monotherapy demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects among patients enrolled in two pivotal phase 3 studies (TRuE-AD1/TRuE-AD2); most patients had long-term disease control with as-needed use during the 44-week long-term safety (LTS) period. This post hoc analysis explored efficacy and safety of 1.5% ruxolitinib cream by previous medication use. Methods Patients aged ≥ 12 years enrolled in TRuE-AD1/TRuE-AD2 were randomized 2:2:1 to twice-daily 0.75% or 1.5% ruxolitinib cream or vehicle cream for 8 weeks, followed by a 44-week LTS period; patients initially on vehicle were re-randomized 1:1 to either ruxolitinib cream strength. Results Within 12 months of enrollment (N = 1249), previous AD therapies were used by 89.4% of efficacy-evaluable patients applying vehicle or ruxolitinib cream (n = 725); of these, 80.4% received TCS (n = 583), 22.2% TCI (n = 161), 20.3% TCS + TCI (n = 147), and 18.9% systemic therapies (n = 137). Across previous medication subgroups, achievement of Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA)-treatment success (IGA 0/1 with ≥ 2-grade improvement from baseline), ≥ 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index from baseline, and ≥ 4-point improvement in Itch numerical rating scale score from baseline at Week 8 did not substantially differ among patients who applied ruxolitinib cream. Outcomes were similar to those in the overall study population. At all study visits during the LTS period, > 70% of patients in each subgroup had IGA 0/1 and a low percentage (generally

Abstract Introduction Standard therapy for patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) typically includes topical therapies; however, patients with more extensive AD and/or AD refractory to topical therapy may benefit from systemic treatment. Ruxolitinib cream monotherapy has demonstrated superior antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects versus vehicle in patients with mild to moderate AD, and long-term disease control with as-needed use. Here, efficacy/safety of 1.5% ruxolitinib cream through 52 weeks was assessed in a subset of patients with moderate and/or more extensive disease. Methods This post hoc analysis of TRuE-AD1/TRuE-AD2 included patients who, at baseline, had Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 3, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) ≥ 16, and affected body surface area (BSA) ≥ 10% (higher severity of disease threshold subgroup). Disease control and safety were assessed. Results Of 1249 patients in the overall population, 78 (6.2%) met all higher severity of disease threshold criteria (continuous-use vehicle-controlled period: 1.5% ruxolitinib cream, n = 32; vehicle, n = 13); 28 and 4 of these patients, respectively, continued as-needed 1.5% ruxolitinib cream during the long-term safety (LTS) period. At week 8 (continuous-use), IGA-treatment success (IGA 0/1, with ≥ 2-grade improvement from baseline) was achieved by 19/32 (59.4%) patients applying 1.5% ruxolitinib cream versus no patients applying vehicle. In the LTS period, those achieving clear/almost clear skin increased from 19/28 patients (67.9%; continuous-use: week 8) to 18/23 patients (78.3%; as-needed use: week 52) in patients applying ruxolitinib cream from day 1. Ruxolitinib cream was well tolerated, with few application site reactions, regardless of disease severity threshold. Efficacy and safety results were similar to the overall study population. Conclusion Patients with AD who meet standard disease severity eligibility criteria for systemic therapy may achieve IGA-treatment success with clear/almost clear skin with continuous-use ruxolitinib cream, and maintain long term-disease control with as-needed ruxolitinib cream monotherapy. Trial Registration Number NCT03745638/NCT03745651.

Purpose: Ruxolitinib (selective Janus kinase [JAK] 1 and JAK2 inhibitor) cream demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in the phase 3 TRuE-AD studies. In TRuE-AD1/TRuE-AD2 (NCT03745638/NCT03745651), adults and adolescents with mild to moderate AD were randomized to apply twice-daily ruxolitinib cream or vehicle for eight weeks. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of ruxolitinib cream by anatomic region, focusing on head/neck (HN) lesions that are typically difficult to manage and disproportionately affect quality of life (QoL).Materials and methods: Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) responses in anatomic regions were evaluated in the pooled population (N = 1208) and among patients with baseline HN involvement (n = 663). Itch, Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), QoL, and application site tolerability were also assessed.Results: By Week 2 (earliest assessment), ruxolitinib cream application resulted in significant improvements across all EASI anatomic region subscores and AD signs versus vehicle, with further improvements through Week 8. Significantly more patients with HN involvement who applied ruxolitinib cream versus vehicle achieved clinically meaningful improvements in itch, IGA, and QoL. Application site reactions with ruxolitinib cream were infrequent (

Abstract Introduction The 2021 US approval of ruxolitinib cream for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients aged ≥ 12 years was based on the results of two pivotal phase 3 studies. Currently, real-world data to describe effectiveness of ruxolitinib cream and physician satisfaction with treatment remain limited. Our objective is to describe disease control among adults with mild to moderate AD prescribed ruxolitinib cream and physician satisfaction with treatment. Methods Data were from the Adelphi AD Disease Specific Programme™, a US real-world, cross-sectional survey of physician-reported data, undertaken between August 2022 and March 2023. For patients aged ≥ 18 years, physicians reported patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and physician satisfaction with disease control. Descriptive analysis of data for patients with mild to moderate AD prior to the initiation of ruxolitinib cream and treated with ruxolitinib cream for ≥ 1 month was undertaken. Results Among physician-reported data from 1360 patients with AD, 149 patients had received ruxolitinib cream (in combination or as monotherapy) for ≥ 1 month, including 59 patients receiving monotherapy. Prior to treatment with ruxolitinib cream, 84.6% of patients had moderate AD (Investigator’s Global Assessment, IGA of 3), whereas after treatment (median duration, 26 weeks), only 21.5% had an IGA of 3, with 48.3% of patients having clear or almost clear skin (IGA of 0/1). For these patients, 81.2% were not currently experiencing a flare, and physicians were satisfied with disease control for 87.3%. Results were similar in patients receiving monotherapy. The most frequent physician-reported reasons for prescribing ruxolitinib cream included relieving itch, improving lesion redness/thickness, achieving disease control, and reducing/controlling flares. Conclusions These real-world findings demonstrate effective disease control and physician satisfaction with ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of AD in adults in a clinical practice setting. Outcomes were similar whether ruxolitinib cream was prescribed as monotherapy or in combination regimens, suggesting a role for ruxolitinib cream across the spectrum of disease.

Abstract Origami is the art of paper folding that allows a single flat piece of paper to assume different 3D shapes depending on the fold patterns and the sequence of folding. Using the principles of origami along with computation imaging technique the authors demonstrate a versatile shape‐morphing microwave imaging array with reconfigurable field‐of‐view and scene‐adaptive imaging capability. Microwave/millimeter‐wave based array imaging systems are expected to be the workhorse for sensory perception of future autonomous intelligent systems. The imaging capability of a planar array‐based systems operating in complex scattering conditions have limited field‐of‐view and lack the ability to adaptively reconfigure resolution. To overcome this, here, deviations from planarity and isometry are allowed, and a shape‐morphing computational imaging system is demonstrated. Implemented on a reconfigurable Waterbomb origami surface with 22 active metasurface panels that radiate near‐orthogonal modes across 17–27 GHz, capability to image complex 3D objects in full details minimizing the effects of specular reflections in diffraction‐limited sparse imaging with scene adaptability, reconfigurable cross‐range resolution, and field‐of‐view is demonstrated. Such electromagnetic origami surfaces, through simultaneous surface shape‐morphing ability (potentially with shape‐shifting electronic materials) and electromagnetic field programmability, opens up new avenues for intelligent and robust sensing and imaging systems for a wide range of applications.

Abstract The human face is commonly used for identity verification. While this task was once exclusively performed by humans, technological advancements have seen automated facial recognition systems (AFRS) integrated into many identification scenarios. Although many state-of-the-art AFRS are exceptionally accurate, they often require human oversight or involvement, such that a human operator actions the final decision. Previously, we have shown that on average, humans assisted by a simulated AFRS (sAFRS) failed to reach the level of accuracy achieved by the same sAFRS alone, due to overturning the system’s correct decisions and/or failing to correct sAFRS errors. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether participants’ trust in automation was related to their performance on a one-to-one face matching task when assisted by a sAFRS. Participants (n = 160) completed a standard face matching task in two phases: an unassisted baseline phase, and an assisted phase where they were shown the identification decision (95% accurate) made by a sAFRS prior to submitting their own decision. While most participants improved with sAFRS assistance, those with greater relative trust in automation achieved larger gains in performance. However, the average aided performance of participants still failed to reach that of the sAFRS alone, regardless of trust status. Nonetheless, further analysis revealed a small sample of participants who achieved 100% accuracy when aided by the sAFRS. Our results speak to the importance of considering individual differences when selecting employees for roles requiring human–algorithm interaction, including identity verification tasks that incorporate facial recognition technologies.

Researchers have long debated the extent to which an individual’s skin tone influences their perceived race. Brooks and Gwinn (2010) demonstrated that the race of surrounding faces can affect the perceived skin tone of a central target face without changing perceived racial typicality, suggesting that skin lightness makes a small contribution to judgments of race compared to morphological cues (the configuration and shape of the facial features). However, the lack of a consistent light source may have undermined the reliability of skin tone cues, encouraging observers to rely disproportionately on morphological cues instead. The current study addresses this concern by using 3D models of male faces with typically Black African or White European appearances that are illuminated by the same light source. Observers perceived target faces surrounded by White faces to have darker skin than those surrounded by Black faces, particularly for faces of intermediate lightness. However, when asked to judge racial typicality, a small assimilation effect was evident, with target faces perceived as more stereotypically White when surrounded by White than when surrounded by Black faces at intermediate levels of typicality. This evidence of assimilation effects for perceived racial typicality despite concurrent contrast effects on perceived skin lightness supports the previous conclusion that perceived skin lightness has little influence on judgments of racial typicality for racially ambiguous faces, even when lighting is consistent.

This study was designed to examine whether qualified practitioners’ cue utilization is predictive of their sustained attention performance during regular operational tasks. Simulated laboratory studies have demonstrated that cue utilization differentiates cognitive load during process control tasks. However, it was previously unclear whether similar results would be demonstrated with qualified practitioners during familiar operational tasks. Australian distribution network service provider (DNSP) operators were classified with either higher or lower cue utilization based on an assessment of cue utilization within the context of electrical power distribution. During two, 20-min periods of operators’ regular workdays, physiological measures of workload were assessed through changes in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex compared to baseline, and through eye behavior metrics (fixation rates, saccade amplitude, and fixation dispersion). The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in eye behavior metrics, based on levels of cue utilization. However, as hypothesized, during both sessions, operators with higher cue utilization demonstrated smaller increases in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex from baseline, compared to operators with lower cue utilization. The results are consistent with the proposition that operators with higher cue utilization experience lower cognitive load during periods of regular activity during their workday, compared to operators with lower cue utilization. Assessments of cue utilization could help identify operators who are better able to sustain attention during regular operational tasks, as well as those who may benefit from cue-based training interventions.

Body size misperception-the belief that one is larger or smaller than reality-affects a large and growing segment of the population. Recently, studies have shown that exposure to extreme body stimuli results in a shift in the point of subjective normality, suggesting that visual adaptation may be a mechanism by which body size misperception occurs. Yet, despite being exposed to a similar set of bodies, some individuals within a given geographical area will develop body size misperception and others will not. The reason for these individual difference is currently unknown. One possible explanation stems from the observation that women with lower levels of body satisfaction have been found to pay more attention to images of thin bodies. However, while attention has been shown to enhance visual adaptation effects in low (e.g. rotational and linear motion) and high level stimuli (e.g., facial gender), it is not known whether this effect exists in visual adaptation to body size. Here, we test the hypothesis that there is an indirect effect of body satisfaction on the direction and magnitude of the body fat adaptation effect, mediated via visual attention (i.e., selectively attending to images of thin over fat bodies or vice versa). Significant mediation effects were found in both men and women, suggesting that observers' level of body satisfaction may influence selective visual attention to thin or fat bodies, which in turn influences the magnitude and direction of visual adaptation to body size. This may provide a potential mechanism by which some individuals develop body size misperception-a risk factor for eating disorders, compulsive exercise behaviour and steroid abuse-while others do not.