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1. Cardiovascular Health Research in the Workplace: A Workshop Report

Author

Chris Calitz, Charlotte Pratt, Nicolaas P. Pronk, Janet E. Fulton, Kimberly Jinnett, Anne N. Thorndike, Ebyan Addou, Ross Arena, Alison G. M. Brown, Chia‐Chia Chang, Lisa Latts, Debra Lerner, Michiel Majors, Michelle Mancuso, Drew Mills, Eduardo Sanchez, and David Goff

Subjects
cardiovascular health, knowledge gap, research, Total Worker Health, workplace health, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Heart disease and stroke are the first and fifth leading causes of death in the United States, respectively. Employers have a unique opportunity to promote cardiovascular health, because >60% of US adults are employed, and most spend half of their waking hours at work. Despite the scope of the opportunity,

Published
2021
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2. Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer: Executive Summary of an ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline

Author

Jennifer Y. Wo, Christopher J. Anker, Jonathan B. Ashman, Nishin A. Bhadkamkar, Lisa Bradfield, Daniel T. Chang, Jennifer Dorth, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, David Goff, Dustin Jacqmin, Patrick Kelly, Neil B. Newman, Jeffrey Olsen, Ann C. Raldow, Erika Ruiz-Garcia, Karyn B. Stitzenberg, Charles R. Thomas, Q. Jackie Wu, and Prajnan Das

Subjects
Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published
2021
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3. ACC/AHA/AACVPR/AAFP/ANA Concepts for Clinician–Patient Shared Accountability in Performance Measures

Author

Frederick A. Masoudi, Mary B. Barton, Marjorie L. King, Kathleen L. Grady, David R. Nielsen, Gregg C. Fonarow, Donald E. Casey, L. Hayley Burgess, Eric D. Peterson, Dana E. King, Stephen J. Stanko, David Goff, P. Michael Ho, Joseph P. Drozda, and Craig Beam

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Task force, Family medicine, Accountability, Medicine, Quality measurement, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Paul A. Heidenreich, MD, MS, FACC, FAHA, Chair Nancy M. Albert, PhD, CCNS, CCRN, FAHA Paul S. Chan, MD, MSc, FACC Lesley H. Curtis, PhD T. Bruce Ferguson, Jr, MD, FACC Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, FACC, FAHA P. Michael Ho, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA Corrine Jurgens, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, FAHA Sean O’Brien

Published
2014
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4. Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction

Author

Kristian, Thygesen, Joseph S, Alpert, Harvey D, White, Allan S, Jaffe, Fred S, Apple, Marcello, Galvani, Hugo A, Katus, L Kristin, Newby, Jan, Ravkilde, Bernard, Chaitman, Peter M, Clemmensen, Mikael, Dellborg, Hanoch, Hod, Pekka, Porela, Richard, Underwood, Jeroen J, Bax, George A, Beller, Robert, Bonow, Ernst E, Van der Wall, Jean-Pierre, Bassand, William, Wijns, T Bruce, Ferguson, Philippe G, Steg, Barry F, Uretsky, David O, Williams, Paul W, Armstrong, Elliott M, Antman, Keith A, Fox, Christian W, Hamm, E Magnus, Ohman, Maarten L, Simoons, Philip A, Poole-Wilson, Enrique P, Gurfinkel, José-Luis, Lopez-Sendon, Prem, Pais, Shanti, Mendis, Jun-Ren, Zhu, Lars C, Wallentin, Francisco, Fernández-Avilés, Kim M, Fox, Alexander N, Parkhomenko, Silvia G, Priori, Michal, Tendera, Liisa-Maria, Voipio-Pulkki, Alec, Vahanian, A John, Camm, Raffaele, De Caterina, Veronica, Dean, Kenneth, Dickstein, Gerasimos, Filippatos, Christian, Funck-Brentano, Irene, Hellemans, Steen Dalby, Kristensen, Keith, McGregor, Udo, Sechtem, Sigmund, Silber, Petr, Widimsky, José Luis, Zamorano, Joao, Morais, Sorin, Brener, Robert, Harrington, David, Morrow, Michael, Lim, Marco A, Martinez-Rios, Steve, Steinhubl, Glen N, Levine, W Brian, Gibler, David, Goff, Marco, Tubaro, Darek, Dudek, and Nawwar, Al-Attar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, International Cooperation, Population, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Ischemia, Public Policy, Disease, Sudden death, Coronary artery disease, Cause of Death, Terminology as Topic, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, education, Coronary atherosclerosis, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction diagnosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Myocardial infarction is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic disease with stable and unstable periods. During unstable periods with activated inflammation in the vascular wall, patients may develop a myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction may be a minor event in a lifelong chronic disease, it may even go undetected, but it may also be a major catastrophic event leading to sudden death or severe hemodynamic deterioration. A myocardial infarction may be the first manifestation of coronary artery disease, or it may occur, repeatedly, in patients with established disease. Information on myocardial infarction attack rates can provide useful data regarding the burden of coronary artery disease within and across populations, especially if standardized data are collected in a manner that demonstrates the distinction between incident and recurrent events. From the epidemiological point of view, the incidence of myocardial infarction in a population can be used as a proxy for the prevalence of coronary artery disease in that population. Furthermore, the term myocardial infarction has major psychological and legal implications for the individual and society. It is an indicator of one of the leading health problems in the world, and it is an outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies. With these perspectives, myocardial infarction may be defined from a number of different clinical, electrocardiographic, biochemical, imaging, and pathological characteristics. In the past, a general consensus existed for the clinical syndrome designated as myocardial infarction. In studies of disease prevalence, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined myocardial infarction from symptoms, ECG abnormalities, and enzymes. However, the development of more sensitive and specific serological biomarkers and precise imaging techniques allows detection of ever smaller amounts of myocardial necrosis. Accordingly, current clinical practice, health care delivery systems, as well as epidemiology and clinical trials all require a …

Published
2007
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5. Whole-exome sequencing identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with LDL cholesterol

Author

Leslie A. Lange, Youna Hu, He Zhang, Chenyi Xue, Ellen M. Schmidt, Zheng-Zheng Tang, Chris Bizon, Ethan M. Lange, Joshua D. Smith, Emily H. Turner, Goo Jun, Hyun Min Kang, Gina Peloso, Paul Auer, Kuo-ping Li, Jason Flannick, Ji Zhang, Christian Fuchsberger, Kyle Gaulton, Cecilia Lindgren, Adam Locke, Alisa Manning, Xueling Sim, Manuel A. Rivas, Oddgeir L. Holmen, Omri Gottesman, Yingchang Lu, Douglas Ruderfer, Eli A. Stahl, Qing Duan, Yun Li, Peter Durda, Shuo Jiao, Aaron Isaacs, Albert Hofman, Joshua C. Bis, Adolfo Correa, Michael E. Griswold, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Albert V. Smith, Pamela J. Schreiner, Mary F. Feitosa, Qunyuan Zhang, Jennifer E. Huffman, Jacy Crosby, Christina L. Wassel, Ron Do, Nora Franceschini, Lisa W. Martin, Jennifer G. Robinson, Themistocles L. Assimes, David R. Crosslin, Elisabeth A. Rosenthal, Michael Tsai, Mark J. Rieder, Deborah N. Farlow, Aaron R. Folsom, Thomas Lumley, Ervin R. Fox, Christopher S. Carlson, Ulrike Peters, Rebecca D. Jackson, Cornelia M. van Duijn, André G. Uitterlinden, Daniel Levy, Jerome I. Rotter, Herman A. Taylor, Vilmundur Gudnason, David S. Siscovick, Myriam Fornage, Ingrid B. Borecki, Caroline Hayward, Igor Rudan, Y. Eugene Chen, Erwin P. Bottinger, Ruth J.F. Loos, Pål Sætrom, Kristian Hveem, Michael Boehnke, Leif Groop, Mark McCarthy, Thomas Meitinger, Christie M. Ballantyne, Stacey B. Gabriel, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Wendy S. Post, Kari E. North, Alexander P. Reiner, Eric Boerwinkle, Bruce M. Psaty, David Altshuler, Sekar Kathiresan, Dan-Yu Lin, Gail P. Jarvik, L. Adrienne Cupples, Charles Kooperberg, James G. Wilson, Deborah A. Nickerson, Goncalo R. Abecasis, Stephen S. Rich, Russell P. Tracy, Cristen J. Willer, David M. Altshuler, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Hooman Allayee, Sharon Cresci, Mark J. Daly, Paul I.W. de Bakker, Mark A. DePristo, Peter Donnelly, Tim Fennell, Kiran Garimella, Stanley L. Hazen, Daniel M. Jordan, Adam Kiezun, Guillaume Lettre, Bingshan Li, Mingyao Li, Christopher H. Newton-Cheh, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Sara Pulit, Daniel J. Rader, David Reich, Muredach P. Reilly, Steve Schwartz, Laura Scott, John A. Spertus, Nathaniel O. Stitziel, Nina Stoletzki, Shamil R. Sunyaev, Benjamin F. Voight, Ermeg Akylbekova, Larry D. Atwood, Maja Barbalic, R. Graham Barr, Emelia J. Benjamin, Joshua Bis, Donald W. Bowden, Jennifer Brody, Matthew Budoff, Greg Burke, Sarah Buxbaum, Jeff Carr, Donna T. Chen, Ida Y. Chen, Wei-Min Chen, Pat Concannon, Ralph D’Agostino, Anita L. DeStefano, Albert Dreisbach, Josée Dupuis, J. Peter Durda, Jaclyn Ellis, Caroline S. Fox, Ervin Fox, Vincent Funari, Santhi K. Ganesh, Julius Gardin, David Goff, Ora Gordon, Wayne Grody, Myron Gross, Xiuqing Guo, Ira M. Hall, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Susan R. Heckbert, Nicholas Heintz, David M. Herrington, DeMarc Hickson, Jie Huang, Shih-Jen Hwang, David R. Jacobs, Nancy S. Jenny, Andrew D. Johnson, Craig W. Johnson, Steven Kawut, Richard Kronmal, Raluca Kurz, Martin G. Larson, Mark Lawson, Cora E. Lewis, Dalin Li, Honghuang Lin, Chunyu Liu, Jiankang Liu, Kiang Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Yongmei Liu, William T. Longstreth, Cay Loria, Kathryn Lunetta, Aaron J. Mackey, Rachel Mackey, Ani Manichaikul, Taylor Maxwell, Barbara McKnight, James B. Meigs, Alanna C. Morrison, Solomon K. Musani, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Jennifer A. Nettleton, Kari North, Daniel O’Leary, Frank Ong, Walter Palmas, James S. Pankow, Nathan D. Pankratz, Shom Paul, Marco Perez, Sharina D. Person, Joseph Polak, Aaron R. Quinlan, Leslie J. Raffel, Vasan S. Ramachandran, Kenneth Rice, Jill P. Sanders, Pamela Schreiner, Sudha Seshadri, Steve Shea, Stephen Sidney, Kevin Silverstein, Nicholas L. Smith, Nona Sotoodehnia, Asoke Srinivasan, Kent Taylor, Fridtjof Thomas, Michael Y. Tsai, Kelly A. Volcik, Chrstina L. Wassel, Karol Watson, Gina Wei, Wendy White, Kerri L. Wiggins, Jemma B. Wilk, O. Dale Williams, Gregory Wilson, Phillip Wolf, Neil A. Zakai, John Hardy, James F. Meschia, Michael Nalls, Andrew Singleton, Brad Worrall, Michael J. Bamshad, Kathleen C. Barnes, Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Frank Accurso, Ran Anbar, Terri Beaty, Abigail Bigham, Phillip Black, Eugene Bleecker, Kati Buckingham, Anne Marie Cairns, Daniel Caplan, Barbara Chatfield, Aaron Chidekel, Michael Cho, David C. Christiani, James D. Crapo, Julia Crouch, Denise Daley, Anthony Dang, Hong Dang, Alicia De Paula, Joan DeCelie-Germana, Allen DozorMitch Drumm, Maynard Dyson, Julia Emerson, Mary J. Emond, Thomas Ferkol, Robert Fink, Cassandra Foster, Deborah Froh, Li Gao, William Gershan, Ronald L. Gibson, Elizabeth Godwin, Magdalen Gondor, Hector Gutierrez, Nadia N. Hansel, Paul M. Hassoun, Peter Hiatt, John E. Hokanson, Michelle Howenstine, Laura K. Hummer, Jamshed Kanga, Yoonhee Kim, Michael R. Knowles, Michael Konstan, Thomas Lahiri, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Lin Lin, Xihong Lin, Tin L. Louie, David Lynch, Barry Make, Thomas R. Martin, Steve C. Mathai, Rasika A. Mathias, John McNamara, Sharon McNamara, Deborah Meyers, Susan Millard, Peter Mogayzel, Richard Moss, Tanda Murray, Dennis Nielson, Blakeslee Noyes, Wanda O’Neal, David Orenstein, Brian O’Sullivan, Rhonda Pace, Peter Pare, H. Worth Parker, Mary Ann Passero, Elizabeth Perkett, Adrienne Prestridge, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Bonnie Ramsey, Elizabeth Regan, Clement Ren, George Retsch-Bogart, Michael Rock, Antony Rosen, Margaret Rosenfeld, Ingo Ruczinski, Andrew Sanford, David Schaeffer, Cindy Sell, Daniel Sheehan, Edwin K. Silverman, Don Sin, Terry Spencer, Jackie Stonebraker, Holly K. Tabor, Laurie Varlotta, Candelaria I. Vergara, Robert Weiss, Fred Wigley, Robert A. Wise, Fred A. Wright, Mark M. Wurfel, Robert Zanni, Fei Zou, Phil Green, Jay Shendure, Joshua M. Akey, Carlos D. Bustamante, Evan E. Eichler, P. Keolu Fox, Wenqing Fu, Adam Gordon, Simon Gravel, Jill M. Johnsen, Mengyuan Kan, Eimear E. Kenny, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Fremiet Lara-Garduno, Suzanne M. Leal, Dajiang J. Liu, Sean McGee, Timothy D. O’Connor, Bryan Paeper, Peggy D. Robertson, Jeffrey C. Staples, Jacob A. Tennessen, Gao Wang, Qian Yi, Rebecca Jackson, Garnet Anderson, Hoda Anton-Culver, Paul L. Auer, Shirley Beresford, Henry Black, Robert Brunner, Robert Brzyski, Dale Burwen, Bette Caan, Cara L. Carty, Rowan Chlebowski, Steven Cummings, J. David Curb, Charles B. Eaton, Leslie Ford, Stephanie M. Fullerton, Margery Gass, Nancy Geller, Gerardo Heiss, Barbara V. Howard, Li Hsu, Carolyn M. Hutter, John Ioannidis, Karen C. Johnson, Lewis Kuller, Andrea LaCroix, Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, Dorothy Lane, Norman Lasser, Erin LeBlanc, Kuo-Ping Li, Marian Limacher, Benjamin A. Logsdon, Shari Ludlam, JoAnn E. Manson, Karen Margolis, Lisa Martin, Joan McGowan, Keri L. Monda, Jane Morley Kotchen, Lauren Nathan, Judith Ockene, Mary Jo O’Sullivan, Lawrence S. Phillips, Ross L. Prentice, John Robbins, Jacques E. Rossouw, Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar, Gloria E. Sarto, Sally Shumaker, Michael S. Simon, Marcia L. Stefanick, Evan Stein, Hua Tang, Kira C. Taylor, Cynthia A. Thomson, Timothy A. Thornton, Linda Van Horn, Mara Vitolins, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Robert Wallace, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Donglin Zeng, Deborah Applebaum-Bowden, Michael Feolo, Weiniu Gan, Dina N. Paltoo, Phyliss Sholinsky, Anne Sturcke, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Male, Genome-wide association study, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Receptors, Genotype, Dyslipidemias/blood, Receptors, LDL/genetics, Genetics(clinical), Exome, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Serine Endopeptidases, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Cholesterol, Phenotype, Genetic Code, Cholesterol, LDL/genetics, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Proprotein Convertases, Proprotein Convertase 9, Sequence Analysis, Adult, Apolipoproteins E/blood, LDL/genetics, Serine Endopeptidases/genetics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Apolipoproteins E, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Polymorphism, Allele frequency, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Aged, Dyslipidemias, PCSK9, DNA, Cholesterol, LDL, Lipase, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Receptors, LDL, Lipase/genetics, Proprotein Convertases/genetics, Follow-Up Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a treatable, heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 157 variants associated with lipid levels but are not well suited to assess the impact of rare and low-frequency variants. To determine whether rare or low-frequency coding variants are associated with LDL-C, we exome sequenced 2,005 individuals, including 554 individuals selected for extreme LDL-C (>98(th) or

Published
2014

6. Effect of intensive glycemic lowering on health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes: ACCORD trial

Author

Roger T, Anderson, K M Venkat, Narayan, Patricia, Feeney, David, Goff, Mohammed K, Ali, Debra L, Simmons, Jo-Ann, Sperl-Hillen, Thomas, Bigger, Robert, Cuddihy, Patrick J, O'Conner, Ajay, Sood, Ping, Zhang, and Mark D, Sullivan

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Male, Health Status, Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research, Middle Aged, humanities, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Patient Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Female, Aged, Original Research
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of intensive versus standard glycemic control strategies on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a substudy of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomly selected subsample of 2,053 ACCORD participants enrolled in the HRQL substudy was assessed at baseline and 12-, 36-, and 48-month visits. HRQL assessment included general health status (the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), diabetes symptoms (the Diabetes Symptom Distress Checklist), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9), and treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire [DTSQ]). Repeated-measures ANOVA models were used to estimate change in HRQL outcomes by treatment group over 48 months adjusting for model covariates. The effects of early discontinuation of the ACCORD intensive glycemic control arm on study results were explored. RESULTS A total of 1,956 (95%) completed the self-report HRQL instrument(s) at baseline. The intensive arm had a larger decrease in SF-36 physical health component score than the standard arm (−1.6 vs. −1.1, P = 0.0345). Treatment satisfaction (DTSQ) showed larger improvement with intensive than standard (P = 0.0004). There were no differences in mean scores of the Diabetes Symptom Checklist and PHQ-9. Effects of participant transition following discontinuation of the intensive arm on HRQL were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The ACCORD trial strategy of intensive glycemic control did not lead to benefits in HRQL and was associated with modest improvement in diabetes treatment satisfaction. Thus patient acceptability was apparently not compromised with intensive and complex interventions such as those used in ACCORD.

Published
2011

7. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group

Author

Robert S. Baltimore, Brian L. Strom, Peter B. Lockhart, Masato Takahashi, Larry M. Baddour, Jane C. Burns, Michael H. Gewitz, David Goff, Walter R. Wilson, David T. Durack, Thomas J. Pallasch, Stanford T. Shulman, Robert O. Bonow, Anne H. Rowley, Matthew E. Levison, Michael A. Gerber, Lloyd Y. Tani, Ann F. Bolger, Christopher H. Cabell, Jane W. Newburger, Kathryn A. Taubert, Timothy J. Gardner, and Patricia Ferrieri

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Bacteremia, Disease, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Health care, medicine, Endocarditis, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, American Dental Association, Guideline, American Heart Association, Endocarditis, Bacterial, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine.disease, United States, Surgery, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Treatment Outcome, Infective endocarditis, Dental Care for Chronically Ill, Rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, Outcomes research, Rheumatic Fever, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract

Background—The purpose of this statement is to update the recommendations by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis that were last published in 1997.Methods and Results—A writing group was appointed by the AHA for their expertise in prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis, with liaison members representing the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The writing group reviewed input from national and international experts on infective endocarditis. The recommendations in this document reflect analyses of relevant literature regarding procedure-related bacteremia and infective endocarditis, in vitro susceptibility data of the most common microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis, results of prophylactic studies in animal models of experimental endocarditis, and retrospective and prospective studies of prevention of infective endocarditis. MEDLINE database searches from 1950 to 2006 were done for English-language papers using the following search terms: endocarditis, infective endocarditis, prophylaxis, prevention, antibiotic, antimicrobial, pathogens, organisms, dental, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus, respiratory, dental surgery, pathogenesis, vaccine, immunization, and bacteremia. The reference lists of the identified papers were also searched. We also searched the AHA online library. The American College of Cardiology/AHA classification of recommendations and levels of evidence for practice guidelines were used. The paper was subsequently reviewed by outside experts not affiliated with the writing group and by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee.Conclusions—The major changes in the updated recommendations include the following: (1) The Committee concluded that only an extremely small number of cases of infective endocarditis might be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures even if such prophylactic therapy were 100% effective. (2) Infective endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures is reasonable only for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from infective endocarditis. (3) For patients with these underlying cardiac conditions, prophylaxis is reasonable for all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. (4) Prophylaxis is not recommended based solely on an increased lifetime risk of acquisition of infective endocarditis. (5) Administration of antibiotics solely to prevent endocarditis is not recommended for patients who undergo a genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract procedure. These changes are intended to define more clearly when infective endocarditis prophylaxis is or is not recommended and to provide more uniform and consistent global recommendations.

Published
2007

8. Ankle-brachial index and subclinical cardiac and carotid disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

Author

Mary McGrae, McDermott, Kiang, Liu, Michael H, Criqui, Karen, Ruth, David, Goff, Mohammed F, Saad, Colin, Wu, Shunichi, Homma, and A Richey, Sharrett

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Brachial Artery, Heart Diseases, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Middle Aged, Coronary Vessels, Risk Assessment, United States, Odds Ratio, Humans, Female, Ankle, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Aged
Abstract

The authors studied associations between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and subclinical atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants included 3,458 women (average age = 62.6 years) and 3,112 men (average age = 62.8 years) who were free of clinically evident cardiovascular disease. Measurements included ABI, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and coronary artery calcium assessed with computed tomography. Five ABI categories were defined:0.90 (definite peripheral arterial disease (PAD)), 0.90-0.99 (borderline ABI), 1.00-1.09 (low-normal ABI), 1.10-1.29 (normal ABI), andor =1.30 (high ABI). Compared with that in men with normal ABI, significantly higher internal carotid artery intima-media thickness was observed in men with definite PAD (1.58 vs. 1.09; p0.001), borderline ABI (1.33 vs. 1.09; p0.001), and low-normal ABI (1.18 vs. 1.09; p0.001) after adjustment for confounders. Fully adjusted odds ratios for a coronary artery calcium score greater than 20 decreased across progressively higher ABI categories in both women (2.85 (definite PAD), 1.27 (borderline ABI), 1.11 (low-normal ABI), 1.00 (normal ABI; referent), and 0.78 (high ABI); p for trend = 0.0002) and men (3.26 (definite PAD), 1.72 (borderline ABI), 1.14 (low-normal ABI), 1.00 (normal ABI; referent), and 1.43 (high ABI); p for trend = 0.0002). These findings indicate excess coronary and carotid atherosclerosis at ABI values below 1.10 (men) and 1.00 (women) and may imply increased risk of cardiovascular events in persons with borderline and low-normal ABI.

Published
2005

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