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In 2014, then-Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper passed the Not Criminally Responsible Reform Act into law, which gave Canadian courts and Review Boards new powers to protect the public from particularly dangerous mentally ill offenders. The most controversial change to the law included the designation of the High-Risk Accused. Once designated by the courts as a High-Risk Accused, that individual is barred from leaving a forensic hospital except for urgent medical reasons. In this article, the authors assess the impact of the Not Criminally Responsible Reform Act on the forensic mental health system in Alberta, Canada. The findings indicate that the legislation did not lead to any meaningful changes in the Alberta forensic mental health system in terms of absolute discharges and incoming persons found not criminally responsible.

Barrett’s oesophagus is associated with an increased risk of oseophageal cancer, but its cell of origin is unclear. Here the authors show, using single-cell RNA sequencing of biopsies from six patients and two unaffected subjects, that cells in Barrett’s oesophagus show a transcriptional profile that is similar to that of cells in oesophageal submucosal glands.

Lempert, Lora B. Women Doing Life: Gender, Punishment and the Struggle for Identity. New York: New York University Press, 2016. 305 pp., $27.00 paper (9781479827053) Lora Lempert's Women Doing Life [...]

On July 6, 2013, Montreal, Maine, and Atlantic railcar 5017 hauling 72 tanker cars of Bakken crude oil derailed over the town of Lac-Megantic, Quebec. The town erupted in a fiery inferno as 5,560,000 liters of highly flammable Bakken crude oil exploded over the town, killing 47 people and contaminating 558,000 tons of soil and local waterways. While Montreal, Maine, and Atlantic Rail Chairman Edward Burkhardt initially blamed the derailment on the lone engineer and local firefighters, this study shows how Transport Canada and the rail industry undermined regulatory and safety measures for several years before the derailment. This study uses a Foucauldian theoretical perspective to conceptualize and explain a new political mentality that transfers existing state regulatory authority to the corporate sector. This new mentality, neoliberal sovereignty, is composed of sovereign and neoliberal logics that monopolize 'correct' trajectories of human economic development. This absolute market mentality merges with state sovereignty and eliminates existing safety and regulation frameworks to pursue unregulated corporate profits. Le 6 juillet 2013, un train de 72 wagons-citernes transportant du petrole brute Bakken a deraille de la ligne de chemin de fer de la Montreal, Maine et Atlantique, dans la ville de Lac-Megantic au Quebec. La ville c'est transforme en veritable enfer, alors que 5 560 000 litre de petrole brute Bakken tres inflammable ont fait explose la ville, tuant quarante-sept personnes et contaminant 558 000 tonnes d'eaux et du sol de Lac-Megantic et ses environs. Alors que le president de la MMA, Edward Burkhart, a d'abord blame l'ingenieur et le service d'incendie local, les etudes montrent que Transport Canada et l'industrie ferroviaire ont amoindrit les mesures de reglementation et de securite plusieurs annees avant le deraillement. Cette etude utilise une perspective theorique foucauldienne pour conceptualiser et expliquer une nouvelle mentalite politique qui transfere l'autorite de regulations gouvernementales existantes au secteur des entreprises. Cette nouvelle mentalite, souveraines et neo-liberale, est compose de logique souveraines et neo-liberales qui monopolise les trajectoires << respectables >> de developpement economique humain. Cette mentalite de marche absolu fusionne avec la souverainete de l'Etat et elimine les cadres de securite et les reglementations existantes pour les benefices des entreprises non reglementaires., IN THE EARLY HOURS of July 6, 2013, railcar 5017 of Montreal, Maine, and Atlantic (hereafter MMA) railway carrying Bakken crude oil derailed in Lac-Megantic, Quebec causing the small town [...]

Ricciardelli, Rose and Peters, Adrienne M.F (Eds.). After Prison: Navigating Employment and Reintegration. Wilfred Laurier University Press. 2017. 280 pp., $31.99 (9781771123167) Mose Ricciardelli's and Adrienne Peters' book After Prison [...]

Educators and administrators are exploring competency-based education as an effective and efficient method to facilitate student learning. This reinforces a burgeoning neo-behaviorist movement in higher education which seeks to synthesize such behaviorist approaches with the cognitive focus of the last 20 years. The current research examines the outcomes in three years of a sport marketing class that blends cognitive-based and competency-based pedagogy. The first half of the course is primarily self-paced, with regular quizzes checking student mastery, while the second half of the course has students work in teams on marketing-related projects; a final examination assesses overall student learning. The research revealed that the blended approach resulted in complementary strategies which partially addressed the conventional criticisms of both cognitive- and competency-based pedagogical approaches. The study used paired sample t-tests to compare results on quizzes versus the final exam (N=111 students comprising 36,787 total student-responses), finding that the course's hybrid structure develops student learning in both lower-order and higher-order thinking (as per Bloom's taxonomy). In addition to this approach's pedagogical benefits, the structure may have implications for administrators and educators facing challenges in terms of student enrollment, budgets, and expectations of graduates.

Introduction. Zoster is caused by the reactivation of a dormant viral infection, and is characterized by painful, vesicular lesions along a dermatome. Neuritic pain associated with zoster can be treated with anticonvulsant medications. Case Report. An immunocompetent adult physician developed prominent zoster lesions in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Treatment included antiviral therapy for the acute infection, and pharmacotherapy for neuritic pain. Pharmacotherapy included several anticonvulsant agents, with labial angioedema developing after initiation of oxcarbazepine. Discussion. The case is notable for the pictorial timeline of lesion development, as well as the marked incident angioedema following initiation of treatment for neuritis with oxcarbazepine. Conclusions. Clinicians should remain vigilant for drug-induced facial angioedema when treating patients with trigeminal zoster-related neuritis due to the potential for angioedema to aggravate a lesion, resulting in scarring. Angioedema of the head and neck should be closely monitored due to the potential for airway compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectator sports embody social group conflict, where consumers periodically interact with opposing fans, thereby providing outlets for negative brand affect in the form of acrimony toward rivals. To assess the regional nature of rivalry, this study compared 5,145 sports consumers across the four United States Census regions and Canada, including five professional leagues. Consistent with regional personality clustering, fans of Canadian teams harbor less acrimony toward rivals, and fans of teams in the Northeastern US generally exhibit the most acrimony. When developing events and promotional partnerships, sports marketers and sponsors should recognize regional differences in how consumers react to rivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: Despite the rise in serious adverse events paralleling increased prescription opioid analgesic use in the United States over the past 2 decades, the association between opioid analgesic dose and the risk of serious adverse health outcomes is incompletely characterized. We sought to synthesize the medical literature for observational studies examining the association between opioid analgesic dose and the risk of serious adverse health outcomes, with particular attention to the outcomes of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and death. Methods: Searching MEDLINE using PubMed and bibliography review, we identified 22 observational studies published between 2000 and 2015 that assessed the association between opioid analgesic dose and the risk of serious adverse health outcomes. Some of these studies had significant methodological limitations. Twelve reviewed studies examined the outcomes of misuse, overdose, or death; no studies examining the risk of addiction or abuse met our criteria for inclusion. Results: The results of multiple studies clearly indicate an increasing risk of serious adverse health outcomes associated with increasing opioid analgesic dose. In particular, the risk of misuse, overdose, and death increases with increasing opioid analgesic dose. However, there is no opioid dose inflection point beyond which the risk of these adverse health outcomes increases. No opioid analgesic dose is without risk. Conclusions: The reviewed studies show an increasing risk of serious adverse health outcomes—including misuse, overdose, and death—associated with increasing opioid analgesic dose. Further research is needed to characterize the relationship between opioid analgesic dose and the risk of addiction and abuse. This analysis could inform policy actions for regulators and clinical decision making for providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study critically reflects on controversial U.S. state practices used against unlawful combatants at Guantanamo Bay. Key post-9/11 texts granted President Bush unprecedented authority to retaliate against any individual, group or state, irrespective of past transgressions. This governmental shift formed new legal rules, practices, institutions and norms, or what Nikolas Rose and Mariana Valverde refer to as ‘legal complex[es]'. While contemporary theoretical literature argues that controversial U.S. state practices constituted a break from existing legal order, this study argues post-9/11 legal complexes consists of varying flows of pre-existing and newly constituted classifications of legalities/ illegalities and norms/exceptions. Indeed, some detainees at Guantanamo Bay were subject to what two U.S. Major Generals referred to as battle lab experimentation programs. Select detainees including Mohammed Al-Qahtani were used as ‘battlelab’ experimentation subjects to test the limits of torture. Despite this, such practices were not used against every unlawful combatant. Instead, most detainees have been afforded the free exercise of religion and the right to be treated humanely without discrimination while also being given adequate food and water. Therefore, this paper posits that a sweeping and undifferentiated account of the state of exception falls well-short in explicating the varying shifts and flows of liberal/illiberal practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Note discusses the value of alternative litigation funding (ALF) and the legal challenges affecting the ALF industry in Georgia. More specifically, it identifies a way to maximize ALF's benefits for plaintiffs with personal tort and employment discrimination claims. Tort victims who are rendered incapable of working, and employees who have lost jobs because of workplace discrimination or retaliation, face immediate financial burdens--they may be unable to afford food, housing, health care, transportation, and other necessities. This economic pressure often forces plaintiffs to settle quickly for less than the value of the harm inflicted. But ALF companies offer a workable solution to this problem by providing financial backing to plaintiffs in exchange for a stake in any eventual recovery. This support gives plaintiffs the economic stability to adequately pursue their claims. However, Georgia inhibits ALF through the doctrine of champerty and prohibitions on the assignability of legal claims. ALF companies are barred from contracting for a share of plaintiffs' potential recovery. Consequently, ALF contracts in Georgia are only enforceable when they are structured in ways that more closely resemble high interest loans. These fee arrangements are complex and inefficient; they involve unrestricted interest charges and, in short, provide more opportunities for abuse of consumer borrowers. To resolve these problems and facilitate socially useful development of ALF, the Note recommends that Georgia (1) ban interest bearing lawsuit loans, (2) repeal the law against champerty, and (3) legalize assignment of proceeds from lawsuits for personal torts and employment discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper seeks to identify ethical issues arising from body cathexis research and analyse categories for attention. To also highlight methodological considerations in generating body size data through measurement for fashion products. Design/methodology/approach - This study presents instrumental activities and strategies for conducting and implementing focus groups for investigating body cathexis and related body measurements for fashion products. Five homogenous groups of 30 females aged 19-44 years, were employed. Purposive and proportionate sampling procedures involving both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied and analysed by triangulation. Aspects of the methodology of measurement are presented in this paper but analysis of measurement data is presented in a subsequent paper. Key ethical principles by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK have been also evaluated in relation to the integrity of such a study. Findings - The study found that deciding on procedures regarding collating data on psychological issues related to garment fit is an obscure process that is not clearly documented in literature. It raised significant issues relating to sensitivity to respondents' concerns when conducting an investigation into body cathexis for fashion products. A framework for ethical and methodological practice in researching body cathexis and ethical deliberation in generating body measurement data has therefore been presented. Originality/value - This study presents guidelines for ethical practice and develops an ethical framework for research and professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? This study sets out to focus on the textiles and fashion clothing supply chain with the objective of identifying factors that constrain company activities and inhibit competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach ? The methodology for this research involves multiple case studies involving UK companies. Supply chain management theory and ecological concepts have been used to interpret the data and to identify significant blocks affecting dynamic performance of the participating companies. Findings ? The research has identified seven significant blocks to responsiveness that were apparent in the observed supply chains: timing of fabric trade shows, lack of control of availability of fabric, forecasting, late stage product changes, geographical proximity to market, decision making decoupled from fashion trends, stock-outs and slow selling products. Practical implications ? The paper draws conclusions about the strategic directions of fashion supply chains and suggests the need to develop strong personal and organisational relationships in order to produce a culture characterised by common goals, trust and mutual interest. Originality/value ? The observations and analyses of responsiveness barriers establish a framework for strategic thinking regarding the supply chain responsiveness, with academic and commercial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posits that radical changes are required in attitudes of managers, supervisors and operators in the small business area of the textile business, also in clothing assembly, knitwear assembly, knitted fabric manufacture, spinning and carding. Considers the use of cognitive mapping to give support to strategy development involving managers of small businesses. Portrays two Figures with cognitive mapping highlighted. Concludes cognitive maps are a good foundation on which to build. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We genetically characterized the synaptic role of the Drosophila homologue of human DCAF12, a putative cofactor of Cullin4 (Cul4) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Deletion of Drosophila DCAF12 impairs larval locomotion and arrests development. At larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), DCAF12 is expressed presynaptically in synaptic boutons, axons, and nuclei of motor neurons. Postsynaptically, DCAF12 is expressed in muscle nuclei and facilitates Cul4-dependent ubiquitination. Genetic experiments identified several mechanistically independent functions of DCAF12 at larval NMJs. First, presynaptic DCAF12 promotes evoked neurotransmitter release. Second, postsynaptic DCAF12 negatively controls the synaptic levels of the glutamate receptor subunits GluRIIA, GluRIIC, and GluRIID. The down-regulation of synaptic GluRIIA subunits by nuclear DCAF12 requires Cul4. Third, presynaptic DCAF12 is required for the expression of synaptic homeostatic potentiation. We suggest that DCAF12 and Cul4 are critical for normal synaptic function and plasticity at larval NMJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In work on the syntax-prosody interface, there is a prevalent idea that while lexical categories are preferentially mapped to prosodic words, no such pressure exists for functional categories (Selkirk 1984; 1996; 2011; Selkirk & Shen 1990; Truckenbrodt 1999; Elfner 2012). In Match Theory (Selkirk 2011), in which syntax-prosody isomorphism is enforced by a series of violable constraints, this supposed pressure is built into the system with the claim that MATCH WORD in some sense “ignores” functional categories. I argue that this idea is misguided, and that MATCH WORD does not discriminate between lexical and functional heads. The pervasive phonological reduction of function words is instead ascribed to the idiosyncratic prosodic requirements of the function words themselves. In particular, I adopt the model of Prosodic Subcategorization (Inkelas 1989; Zec 2005). This approach explains particular interactions that would be unexpected if MATCH WORD were genuinely indifferent to functional categories, and fits in with a large body of evidence suggesting that functional elements can behave in prosodically idiosyncratic ways (Nespor & Vogel 1986; Inkelas & Zec 1990; Zec 2005). The evidence comes from the behavior of several classes of English functional categories: prepositions, auxiliaries, determiners, weak object pronouns and contracted negation -n’t.