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Cultural heritage is wonderfully diverse and as heritage preservation professionals, it is our duty to address the preventive conservation of all cultural heritages. However, there is no one set of...

The history of photography is brief, yet its impact on mankind is immeasurable. Today, significant photography collections exist worldwide from Boston to Bogota and Beirut. These collections—historic and contemporary—are irreplaceable resources that visually document our history, values, achievements, disappointments, creative expression, and ways of life. The international community of photograph conservation strives to protect and preserve our photographic heritage from deterioration, loss, and destruction. Research, led by conservation and materials science laboratories since the 1960s, has advanced our understanding of photograph preservation, generating significant knowledge about how and why photographic materials deteriorate and how to prevent damage and impede natural deterioration of the wide variety of materials found in photograph collections. However, throughout the United States and around the world, our photographic heritage is vulnerable to natural decay and catastrophic loss. Implementing ...

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical diagnoses associated with the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) pneumonia (PNEU) or lower respiratory infection (LRI) surveillance eventsDESIGNRetrospective chart reviewSETTINGA convenience sample of 8 acute-care hospitals in PennsylvaniaPATIENTSAll patients hospitalized during 2011–2012METHODSMedical records were reviewed from a random sample of patients reported to the NHSN to have PNEU or LRI, excluding adults with ventilator-associated PNEU. Documented clinical diagnoses corresponding temporally to the PNEU and LRI events were recorded.RESULTSWe reviewed 250 (30%) of 838 eligible PNEU and LRI events reported to the NHSN; 29 reported events (12%) fulfilled neither PNEU nor LRI case criteria. Differences interpreting radiology reports accounted for most misclassifications. Of 81 PNEU events in adults not on mechanical ventilation, 84% had clinician-diagnosed pneumonia; of these, 25% were attributed to aspiration. Of 43 adult LRI, 88% were in mechanically ventilated patients and 35% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis (infectious or noninfectious) documented at the time of LRI. Of 36 pediatric PNEU events, 72% were ventilator associated, and 70% corresponded to a clinical pneumonia diagnosis. Of 61 pediatric LRI patients, 84% were mechanically ventilated and 21% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis documented.CONCLUSIONSIn adults not on mechanical ventilation and in children, most NHSN-defined PNEU events corresponded with compatible clinical conditions documented in the medical record. In contrast, NHSN LRI events often did not. As a result, substantial modifications to the LRI definitions were implemented in 2015.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:818–824