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1. AstRoMap European Astrobiology Roadmap

Author

Christian Muller, Kleomenis Tsiganis, Jesse P. Harrison, Natuschka M. Lee, Fernando Rull, Raffaele Saladino, Stefan Leuko, Nicolas Walter, Silvano Onofri, Frances Westall, Giovanni Strazzulla, Maria Teresa Capria, John Lee Grenfell, Petra Rettberg, John Robert Brucato, William Martin, Ernesto Palomba, Elke Pilat-Lohinger, Felipe Gómez, Gerda Horneck, DLR Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), European Science Foundation (ESF), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Extrasolare Planeten und Atmosphären, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR)- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Dep. Of Physics, University of Thessaloniki, Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Institute for Astronomy [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Cooltech Applications, Cooltech, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), and Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma)

Subjects
Life in extreme environments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, Habitability, Origin of Life, Planets, Context (language use), Origin and evolution of life, Special IssueFocus Article, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Galactic habitable zone, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, European commission, Biologiska vetenskaper, Organic Chemicals, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Life detection, Biological sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Organic chemicals, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Europe, Roadmap, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Astrobiology roadmap
Abstract

The European AstRoMap project (supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme) surveyed the state of the art of astrobiology in Europe and beyond and produced the first European roadmap for astrobiology research. In the context of this roadmap, astrobiology is understood as the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the context of cosmic evolution; this includes habitability in the Solar System and beyond. The AstRoMap Roadmap identifies five research topics, specifies several key scientific objectives for each topic, and suggests ways to achieve all the objectives. The five AstRoMap Research Topics are • Research Topic 1: Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems• Research Topic 2: Origins of Organic Compounds in Space• Research Topic 3: Rock-Water-Carbon Interactions, Organic Synthesis on Earth, and Steps to Life• Research Topic 4: Life and Habitability• Research Topic 5: Biosignatures as Facilitating Life Detection It is strongly recommended that steps be taken towards the definition and implementation of a European Astrobiology Platform (or Institute) to streamline and optimize the scientific return by using a coordinated infrastructure and funding system. Key Words: Astrobiology roadmap—Europe—Origin and evolution of life—Habitability—Life detection—Life in extreme environments. Astrobiology 16, 201–243., Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. The project AstRoMap within the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (FP7) of the European Union 1.2. The European astrobiology environment and landscape in Europe 1.3. Setting the scene: timeline and astrobiology concepts 2. The Astrobiology Roadmap for Europe 3. Research Topic 1: Origin and Evolution of Planetary Systems 3.1. State of the art 3.2. Key objectives 3.3. Approach to achieve the key objectives 3.4. European strengths and needs 4. Research Topic 2: Origins of Organic Compounds in Space 4.1. State of the art 4.2. Key objectives 4.3. Approach to achieve the key objectives 4.4. European strengths and needs 5. Research Topic 3: Rock-Water-Carbon Interactions, Organic Synthesis on Earth, and Steps to Life 5.1. State of the art 5.2. Key objectives 5.3. Approach to achieve the key objectives 5.4. European strengths and needs 6. Research Topic 4: Life and Habitability 6.1. State of the art 6.2. Key objectives 6.3. Approach to achieve the key objectives 6.4. European strengths and needs 7. Research Topic 5: Biosignatures as Facilitating Life Detection 7.1. State of the art 7.2. Key objectives 7.3. Approach to achieve the key objectives 7.4. European strengths and needs 8. Conclusions and Recommendations 8.1. Cross-cutting issues of relevance 8.2. Towards a better coordination of astrobiology research in Europe—the need for a pan-European platform Acknowledgments References Abbreviations Used

Published
2016
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2. Adaptive HARQ With Non-Binary Repetition Coding

Author

David Declercq, Stephan Pfletschinger, Monica Navarro, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), and Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Hybrid automatic repeat request, Throughput, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, 02 engineering and technology, non-binary LDPC codes, 0203 mechanical engineering, incremental redundancy (IR), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Low-density parity-check code, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer Science::Information Theory, Channel code, Applied Mathematics, Transmitter, nonbinary LDPC codes, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020302 automobile design & engineering, Code rate, incremental redundancy, Computer Science Applications, HARQ, [INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT], Channel state information, Modulation, Algorithm, Decoding methods, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract

We consider Incremental Redundancy Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (IR-HARQ) in which the code rate and modulation of the initial transmission and all retransmissions are adjusted based on average channel statistics. In the absence of instantaneous channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), we present a method which computes, prior to transmission, the optimum code rates and modulations and explicitly considers a given maximum number of retransmissions. For the case that additional feedback on CSI of previous transmission attempts is available, we present two heuristic schemes which exploit this knowledge and offer increased throughput at the cost of higher computational complexity. We employ a rate-adaptive non-binary LDPC coding scheme which makes use of non-binary repetitions. While this coding scheme is particularly well-suited for adaptive IR-HARQ, we note that the presented analysis can be applied to any other channel code which employs soft decoding.

Published
2014
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3. Optimized trigger for ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray and neutrino observations with the low frequency radio array

Author

Y. Tang, Harvey Butcher, M. Drost, J. W. Romein, M. Pandey-Pommier, J. Morawietz, A. Renting, A. de Jong, J. Eisloeffel, M. A. Garrett, A. Doorduin, S. Yattawatta, Maaijke Mevius, Rebecca McFadden, K. Dijkstra, A. G. Polatidis, J. Sluman, W. A. van Cappellen, A. van Duin, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, M. P. van Haarlem, Roberto Pizzo, H. Weggemans, Ben Stappers, Stijn Buitink, P. Maat, M. Loose, M. J. Norden, W. Reich, P. Bennema, C. Broekema, R. Nijboer, E. van der Wal, J. D. Mol, H.-J. Stiepel, H. A. Holties, L.A. Horneffer, H. Meulman, Rene C. Vermeulen, Olaf Wucknitz, J. van Leeuwen, R. H. van de Brink, P. Donker, P. Gruppen, Martin Bell, K. Stuurwold, Joel N. Bregman, G. Bernadi, E. Kooistra, H. Munk, T. Grit, G. Kuper, J. E. Noordam, J.-P. de Reijer, W. N. Brouw, Luitje Koopmans, M. Avruch, G. van Diepen, Heino Falcke, M. de Vos, Mark J. Bentum, B. Ciardi, C. Mallary, Matthias Hoeft, P. Riemers, Michel Tagger, K. Singh, S. ter Veen, A. W. Gunst, H. Paas, J. Roosjen, Ashish Asgekar, M. Ruiter, C. Vogt, Philip Best, M. Gerbers, Michel Arts, P. Lambropoulos, J. E. van Zwieten, Lambert J.M. Nieuwenhuis, E. Mulder, A. Huijgen, G. Schoonderbeek, D. Kant, S. Damstra, C. W. James, M. Brueggen, Albert-Jan Boonstra, A. P. Schoenmakers, A. H. W. M. Coolen, M. Steinmetz, R. J. Dettmar, Stefan J. Wijnholds, Y. Koopman, Olaf Scholten, Oleg Smirnov, R. Overeem, Michael W. Wise, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. M. Anderson, H. Roettgering, A. van Ardenne, Vishambhar Pandey, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), University of Groningen [Groningen], Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), University of Southampton, University of Edinburgh, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, London Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), University of Reading (UOR), Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Astronomy, and Kapteyn Astronomical Institute

Subjects
FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Lunar radio detection, TELESCOPE, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Low frequency, UHE NEUTRINOS, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Radio telescope, Telescope, LIMITS, Frequency filter detection, law, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), DETECTOR, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Ultra-high energy neutrinos, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, SPECTRUM, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, LOFAR, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Neutrino, Nano-second pulse detection, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, EMISSION, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

When an ultra-high energy neutrino or cosmic ray strikes the Lunar surface a radio-frequency pulse is emitted. We plan to use the LOFAR radio telescope to detect these pulses. In this work we propose an efficient trigger implementation for LOFAR optimized for the observation of short radio pulses., Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A

Published
2012
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4. Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB pathway by heavy ion beams of different linear energy transfer

Author

Isabelle Testard, Thomas Berger, Günther Reitz, Claudia Schmitz, Christine E. Hellweg, Christa Baumstark-Khan, Patrick Lau, Matthias M. Meier, DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Cell Survival, Acceleration, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Linear energy transfer, chemistry.chemical_element, space mission, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, Neon, 0302 clinical medicine, Relative biological effectiveness, Humans, Heavy Ions, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Transcription factor, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, linear energy transfer, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Nuclear Factor kB, X-Rays, HEK 293 cells, NF-kappa B, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Transfection, Space Flight, NFKB1, heavy ion, HEK293 Cells, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Nuclear Factor κB, Biophysics, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Atomic physics, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Purpose: Risk assessment of radiation exposure during long-term space missions requires the knowledge of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of space radiation components. Few data on gene transcription activation by different heavy ions are available, suggesting a dependence on linear energy transfer. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor kB (NF-kB) can be involved in cancerogenesis. Therefore, NF-kB activation by accelerated heavy ions of different linear energy transfer (LET) was correlated to survival.Materials and methods: NF-kB-dependent gene induction after exposure to heavy ions was detected in stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-pNF-kB-d2EGFP/Neo cells carrying a neomycin resistance), using the destabilized Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (d2EGFP) as reporter.Results: Argon (LET 272 keV/mm) and neon ions (LET 91 keV/mm) had the highest potential to activate NF-kB, resulting in a RBE of 8.9 in comparison to 150 kV X-rays. The RBE for survival also reached its maximum in this LET range, with a maximal value of 2.Conclusions: NF-kB might be involved in modulating survival responses of cells hit by heavy ions in the LET range of 91–272 keV/mm and could therefore become a factor to be considered for risk assessment of radiation exposure during space travel.

Published
2011
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