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As teacher shortages increase across the United States, educator preparation programs are tasked with preparing a new generation of teachers equipped to succeed in an increasingly challenging landscape. Along with ensuring that candidates develop deep content knowledge and effective pedagogical skills, national accreditation bodies also require educator preparation programs to monitor and support pre-service teachers' dispositional development. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand teachers, administrators, clinical experience supervisors, and education faculty members' perspectives of the dispositional qualities that pre-service teachers need to develop to be successful educators. Our goal was first to gain an understanding and then to use it to develop a tool to teach and evaluate the dispositional characteristics pre-service teachers need to successfully transition into their teaching careers. We collected data from 30 participants via an open-ended survey and a subsequent focus group of five participants. Using open and focused coding followed by code mapping, three themes emerged including a commitment to (1) professionalism, (2) relationships, and (3) learning. We used these three themes and their 12 subthemes, along with feedback from our participants, to create a "Teacher Identity Development" tool. With specific indicators of each disposition, this tool can be used by educator preparation programs not only to monitor and assess pre-service teachers' discrete dispositional skill development but, more importantly, to facilitate the development of a teacher identity as candidates journey toward becoming effective educators in our current educational landscape.

Media use and screen time show both positive and negative effects on child development. Parents' behaviors, perceptions, and regulation of parent and child screen-based device (SBD) use may be critical understudied factors in explaining these mixed effects. We developed the Parent Screen-Based Device Use Survey (PSUS) to assess parental use of multiple SBDs (e.g., computers, phones, and TVs) and tested its factor structure across two United States samples of mothers of children aged 2-6 years (total N = 402). Subscales captured parental SBD use related to Discipline, Limit-Setting, Involvement, Child Care, Family Norms, Self-Regulation, Dysregulation, and Parenting Support, and showed good factor loadings and internal reliability. Validity was tested in relation to parent distress, parent executive function problems, and child behavior problems. Parental limit-setting and involvement were either unrelated to or related to fewer parent and child problems, whereas parental use of SBDs for self-regulation, child care, discipline, support, and family activities, as well as parents' more dysregulated use, were related to more parent and child problems. The PSUS holds promise in addressing the parental mechanisms that underlie media effects on child development.

Objetivos: Analisar o uso das mídias sociais para a captação de doadores de sangue. Objetivos específicos: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa no período de 2015 a 2022; identificar as mídias sociais mais utilizadas na captação de doadores de sangue; analisar os resultados de cada mídia social na captação de doadores de sangue. Métodos: Revisão integrativa que busca através da pesquisa bibliográfica, conhecimentos, experiências e evidências sobre o tema pesquisado. Como primeira etapa foi elaborada a pergunta norteadora: Qual a efetividade do uso das mídias sociais para a captação de doadores de sangue? A partir desta pergunta foi elaborado o PICO da pesquisa: P: doadores de sangue; I: mídias sociais: C: comparativo entre os tipos de mídias sociais O: o uso das mídias sociais. As palavras chaves utilizadas: efetividade, mídias sociais, doadores de sangue e marketing social. Foram incluídos artigos escritos em inglês, espanhol e português. Pesquisou-se nas plataformas Scielo, Scholar, Google, BVS, Lilacs, Cochrane, Medline e Pubmed. Resultados: Foram 45 artigos selecionados. No Delineamento dos estudos: pesquisa Qualitativa: Relato de experiência 09 e de caso 05; estudo de caso 02; metodológica 02; documental 02; exploratório 01; Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa 04; pesquisa Quantitativa: 01 Estudo de corte; 08 estudos transversal, 02 Quase Experimental;03 Ensaio Clinico Randomizado, ao total da pesquisa quantitativa de 14 estudos; pesquisa quanti-quali 03; totalizando 42, pois 2 são manuais e não foram contabilizados nem dois artigos originários do mesmo Estudo. Mídias sociais o Faceboock contabilizou 08, o Instagram 03, E-mails 02, WattsApp 03, aplicativos 06, várias mídias 16 e o Marketing social 07. Discussão: Esta revisão sugere que um dos aspectos mais importantes para aumentar o número de doadores e por conseguinte ter estoque adequado de hemocomponentes nos hemocentros é aliar o uso das mídias sociais com as estratégias comunicacionais do marketing social e seus temas norteadores: identificação das barreiras e motivações para o ato de doar, valorização social do doador, problematizar aspectos sensíveis do processo de doação, assim como definir claramente o perfil sócio demográfico e cultural da população que se quer alcançar com as atividades educativa-informativas. Aliar esses aspectos do marketing social às características das mídias sociais de ampla difusão, participação ativa, interação e aproximação entre a população e os hemocentros tornam as mídias sociais mais efetivas na captação de doadores. As mídias sociais com melhores resultados são: Facebook®, Instagram® e WhatsApp® que necessariamente deverão utilizar estratégias do marketing social para ter resultados favoráveis na captação de doadores. Conclusão: Salientamos que as atividades para captação de doadores de sangue que utilizam mídias sociais e estratégias do marketing social devem ser planejadas para apresentarem resultados positivos e efetivos. Das limitações deste estudo entendemos que como a maioria dos estudos são de natureza qualitativa e originários do Brasil podem limitar a aplicação dos resultados em um contexto mais amplo.

# Background The seated wall angel (SWA) is an intervention to improve upper quarter mobility but has not been described as a clinical test with scoring. # Hypothesis/ Purpose To explore the clinical utility of the SWA as a test with scoring. The authors hypothesized that SWA test scores would be lower on the injured than uninjured side, improve over time, and show stronger association with patient-reported shoulder function than shoulder mobility tests. # Study Design Prospective cohort. # Methods Patients diagnosed with anterior shoulder instability and referred to physical therapy participated. Testing occurred after physical therapy examination (initial) and six weeks later (follow-up). Rehabilitation was not controlled. Testing included clinical tests (SWA, passive shoulder external rotation range of motion, total arc of motion) and patient-reported outcomes including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, (ASES) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). The SWA test was scored 0 to 3 points bilaterally based on number of body contacts with the wall (i.e., elbows and fingertips, posterior fingers, posterior forearm). Passive range of motion was measured with a standard goniometer. SWA scores were compared between sides at initial testing and compared between testing timepoints on the injured side. Associations among injured side clinical test values and patient-reported outcome scores were examined. # Results Mean (SD) SWA score on the injured side was significantly lower than the uninjured side at initial testing \[1.6 (1.0) vs 2.2 (1.1), p = 0.045] and significantly increased at follow-up testing \[2.4 (1.0), p = 0.041]. Only SWA test score was significantly correlated with ASES (r=0.597) and WOSI (r=-0.648) scores at initial testing, and SWA test score was significantly correlated with WOSI score at follow-up testing (r=-0.611). # Conclusions The clinical utility of the SWA test is supported by distinguishing the injured and uninjured sides and having stronger associations with patient-reported shoulder function than shoulder mobility tests.

Parents' executive functions (EFs), or cognitive skills facilitating thought and behavior management, are meaningful correlates of parenting behavior. EFs are theorized to support parents in inhibiting reactive responses, managing information during parent--child interactions, and adapting to novel developmental demands. Less effective EFs associate with risk for harsh parenting and physical abuse, underscoring the importance of research on parental EFs in promoting healthy child development. Yet, despite the strong theory, findings are mixed and reveal only modest effect sizes in relations between EFs and parenting. One explanation may be a lack of ecological validity in measuring parental EFs. Traditional measures of adult EFs have been used, but these are decontextualized and do not reflect the cognitively and emotionally demanding nature of parenting. In this article, we argue that new and adapted measures are needed. We discuss the role of EFs in parenting, review measurement, and offer suggestions for improvements in ecological validity.

Background: Although the prescription of physical activity in clinical care has been advocated worldwide, in the Netherlands, "Exercise is Medicine" (E = M) is not yet routinely implemented in clinical care. Methods: A set of implementation strategies was pilot implemented to test its feasibility for use in routine care by clinicians in 2 departments of a university medical center. An extensive learning process evaluation was performed, using structured mixed methods methodology, in accordance with the Reach, Effect, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Results: From 5 implementation strategies employed (education, E = M tool embedded in the electronic medical records, lifestyle coach situated within the department, overviews of referral options, and project support), the presence of adequate project support was a strong facilitator of the implementation of E = M. Also, the presence of the lifestyle coach within the department seemed essential for referral rate. Although clinicians appreciated the E = M tool, barriers hampered its use in practice. Conclusions: Specific implementation strategies, tailored to the setting, are effective in facilitating the implementation of E = M with specific regard to education for clinicians on E = M, deployment of a lifestyle coach within a department, and project coordination. Care providers do see a future for lifestyle coaches who are structurally embedded in the hospital, to whom they can easily refer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of Southern Mississippi has developed the coastal CUBEnet environment. Coastal CUBEnet is a high-resolution, coastal ocean sensor, modeling, and data sharing web-based network that provides the environmental intelligence needed to support the complex modeling of the interlinked processes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. With near-real time data delivery via a common infrastructure, CUBEnet uses state of the art sensors to provide a set of networked measurements systems, visualization tools, and model developments to gain an understanding of the Gulf of Mexico’s marine environments. CUBEnet is also a mechanism for improved human engagement with Gulf of Mexico resources and provides stake holders with the data needed to make informed coastal, environmental, and economic decisions. The Coastal CUBEnet’s data environment utilizes both stationary and uncrewed mobile systems and high-resolution distributed sensors to create a networked platform across the northern coastal Gulf of Mexico. CUBEnet’s modeling environment has developed an implementation of The Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport (COAWST) Model for the Mississippi Bight region that has been applied to investigate shore to shelf advective exchange processes, and their influence on coastal water quality conditions that support the region’s prolific marine ecosystem. CUBEnet’s modeling environment provides prototype modeling applications that are supported by real-time observations of key coastal environmental variables. CUBEnet’s Web accessible visualization tools provide parameter fields and vertical profiles from hydrodynamic models and field observations. Nowcasts and forecast results are available for the Eastern LA coastline, MS coastline, Mobile Bay, and the West coast of Florida.

To investigate how host and pathogen diversity govern immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), we performed a large-scale screen of vaccine-mediated protection against aerosol Mtb infection using three inbred mouse strains [C57BL/6 (B6), C3HeB/FeJ (C3H), Balb/c x 129/SvJ (C129F1)] and three Mtb strains (H37Rv, CDC1551, SA161) representing two lineages and distinct virulence properties. We compared three protective modalities, all of which involve inoculation with live mycobacteria: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, delivered either subcutaneously or intravenously, and concomitant Mtb infection (CoMtb), a model of pre-existing immunity in which a low-level Mtb infection is established in the cervical lymph node following intradermal inoculation. We examined lung bacterial burdens at early (Day 28) and late (Day 98) time points after aerosol Mtb challenge and histopathology at Day 98. We observed substantial heterogeneity in the reduction of bacterial load afforded by these modalities at Day 28 across the combinations and noted a strong positive correlation between bacterial burden in unvaccinated mice and the degree of protection afforded by vaccination. Although we observed variation in the degree of reduction in bacterial burdens across the nine mouse/bacterium strain combinations, virtually all protective modalities performed similarly for a given strain-strain combination. We also noted dramatic variation in histopathology changes driven by both host and bacterial genetic backgrounds. Vaccination improved pathology scores for all infections except CDC1551. However, the most dramatic impact of vaccination on lesion development occurred for the C3H-SA161 combination, where vaccination entirely abrogated the development of the large necrotic lesions that arise in unvaccinated mice. In conclusion, we find that substantial TB heterogeneity can be recapitulated by introducing variability in both host and bacterial genetics, resulting in changes in vaccine-mediated protection as measured both by bacterial burden as well as histopathology. These differences can be harnessed in future studies to identify immune correlates of vaccine efficacy.

The 2018 WHO edition on the classification of cutaneous melanocytic tumors recognizes eight evolutionary pathways of melanoma and describes tumors of uncertain malignant potential for each. When histology and immunohistochemistry do not support a confident conclusion about its malignant potential, a window of diagnostic uncertainty is created. Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) are highly specific for melanoma and can be used as an ancillary technique to acquire a higher level of confidence in the diagnosis. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of testing for TERTp mutations. The aims of this study were to determine how often knowledge of the TERTp mutation status contributed to the final diagnosis and to develop a micro-costing framework to calculate cost-effectiveness. A retrospective analysis of all cutaneous melanocytic lesions that were discussed in the Noord-Nederland Melanoma Panel from January 2021 to October 2022 was performed to identify the cases in which the preliminary histopathological diagnosis was uncertain regarding malignancy (ambiguous, likely benign, or likely malignant). For cases in which a TERTp mutation analysis was performed, the final diagnoses were collected, and it was determined whether this impacted the overall conclusion. A micro-costing framework was established to model the financial impact of introducing TERTp mutation analyses and subsequent clinical procedures. The study included 367 cases, of which 175 diagnoses of uncertain malignant potential were initially reported. TERTp mutation analysis was performed for 151/175 (86%). In 38% of these cases, a higher level of confidence regarding malignant potential was obtained. The implementation of TERTp mutation analyses for cutaneous melanocytic proliferations with uncertain malignant potential can narrow the window of diagnostic uncertainty. For the patient group with an initial uncertain diagnosis, the increased cost for molecular testing (86.145 €) was compensated by a reduced overall treatment cost (−122.304 €). A microsimulation model to determine the cost-effectiveness of TERTp mutation analysis projected an overall saving for the healthcare system.

This paper investigates emphatic interpretations of object marking in various Bantu languages. We focus on Lubukusu (spoken in Kenya) and Cinyungwe (spoken in Mozambique) in particular, but we also report initial evidence from other Bantu languages (mainly Tiriki, Wanga, and Ikalanga). In these languages, OM-doubling—the co-occurrence of an object marker with a lexical DP object—is infelicitous in neutral pragmatic contexts. However, we show that certain contexts make OM-doubling possible. In these contexts, OM-doubling constructions receive particular emphatic interpretations that are very different from interpretations of non-doubling object marking constructions. We identify at least four types of these interpretations: verum, mirativity, exhaustivity, and intensity. We show that emphatic interpretations of OM-doubling are widespread among Bantu languages, and we provide strategies for identifying and analyzing them. While this paper is primarily descriptive, we discuss a possible analysis of these interpretations as conventional implicatures, influenced by recent work on a similar range of emphatic interpretations arising from focus fronting in Indo-European languages.

CD8+ T cells are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system, responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The initial activation of T cells involves the formation of highly dynamic Ca2+ microdomains. Recently, purinergic signaling was shown to be involved in the formation of the initial Ca2+ microdomains in CD4+ T cells. In this study, the role of purinergic cation channels, particularly P2X4 and P2X7, in CD8+ T cell signaling from initial events to downstream responses was investigated, focusing on various aspects of T cell activation, including Ca2+ microdomains, global Ca2+ responses, NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation. While Ca2+ microdomain formation was significantly reduced in the first milliseconds to seconds in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7 channels, global Ca2+ responses over minutes were comparable between wild-type (WT) and knockout cells. However, the onset velocity was reduced in P2X4-deficient cells, and P2X4, as well as P2X7-deficient cells, exhibited a delayed response to reach a certain level of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). NFAT-1 translocation, a crucial transcription factor in T cell activation, was also impaired in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated CD8+ T cells, and Nur77, a negative regulator of T cell activation, was significantly reduced 18h post-stimulation in the knockout cells. In line, the proliferation of T cells after 3 days was also impaired in the absence of P2X4 and P2X7 channels. In summary, the study demonstrates that purinergic signaling through P2X4 and P2X7 enhances initial Ca2+ events during CD8+ T cell activation and plays a crucial role in regulating downstream responses, including NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation on multiple timescales. These findings suggest that targeting purinergic signaling pathways may offer potential therapeutic interventions.

IntroductionDuring thermogenesis, adipose tissue (AT) becomes more active and enhances oxidative metabolism. The promotion of this process in white AT (WAT) is called “browning” and, together with the brown AT (BAT) activation, is considered as a promising approach to counteract obesity and metabolic diseases. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), is an ion channel that allows extracellular Ca2+ influx into the cytosol, and is gated by adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), produced from NAD+ degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of TRPM2 in the regulation of energy metabolism in BAT, WAT, and liver during thermogenesis.MethodsWild type (WT) and Trpm2-/- mice were exposed to 6°C and BAT, WAT and liver were collected to evaluate mRNA, protein levels and ADPR content. Furthermore, O2 consumption, CO2 production and energy expenditure were measured in these mice upon thermogenic stimulation. Finally, the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 was assessed in primary adipocytes, evaluating the response upon stimulation with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243.ResultsTrpm2-/- mice displayed lower expression of browning markers in AT and lower energy expenditure in response to thermogenic stimulus, compared to WT animals. Trpm2 gene overexpression was observed in WAT, BAT and liver upon cold exposure. In addition, ADPR levels and mono/poly-ADPR hydrolases expression were higher in mice exposed to cold, compared to control mice, likely mediating ADPR generation.DiscussionOur data indicate TRPM2 as a fundamental player in BAT activation and WAT browning. TRPM2 agonists may represent new pharmacological strategies to fight obesity.

Ca2+ microdomains play a key role in intracellular signaling processes. For instance, they mediate the activation of T cells and, thus, the initial adaptive immune system. They are, however, also of utmost importance for activation of other cells, and a detailed understanding of the dynamics of these spatially localized Ca2+ signals is crucial for a better understanding of the underlying signaling processes. A typical approach to analyze Ca2+ microdomain dynamics is live cell fluorescence microscopy imaging. Experiments usually involve imaging a larger number of cells of different groups (for instance, wild type and knockout cells), followed by a time consuming image and data analysis. With DARTS, we present a modular Python pipeline for efficient Ca2+ microdomain analysis in live cell imaging data. DARTS (Deconvolution, Analysis, Registration, Tracking, and Shape normalization) provides state-of-the-art image postprocessing options like deep learning-based cell detection and tracking, spatio-temporal image deconvolution, and bleaching correction. An integrated automated Ca2+ microdomain detection offers direct access to global statistics like the number of microdomains for cell groups, corresponding signal intensity levels, and the temporal evolution of the measures. With a focus on bead stimulation experiments, DARTS provides a so-called dartboard projection analysis and visualization approach. A dartboard projection covers spatio-temporal normalization of the bead contact areas and cell shape normalization onto a circular template that enables aggregation of the spatiotemporal information of the microdomain detection results for the individual cells of the cell groups of interest. The dartboard visualization allows intuitive interpretation of the spatio-temporal microdomain dynamics at the group level. The application of DARTS is illustrated by three use cases in the context of the formation of initial Ca2+ microdomains after cell stimulation. DARTS is provided as an open-source solution and will be continuously extended upon the feedback of the community.Code available at:10.5281/zenodo.10459243.

Background. Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous blistering diseases that clinically can resemble autoimmune bullous diseases. Moreover, it has been shown that autoantibodies against epidermal proteins are present in SJS/TEN. Objectives. To establish the presence of antibodies against desmosomal and hemidesmosomal proteins in confirmed SJS/TEN patients. Methods. Serum of SJS/TEN patients diagnosed based on clinical criteria, e.g., epidermal detachment with erosions and severe mucosal lesions, (suspicion of) a culprit drug, and matching histologic results was evaluated by various techniques, e.g., indirect immunofluorescence on monkey esophagus, salt split skin and rat bladder, immunoblotting (IB) and immunoprecipitation (IP), ELISAs against desmogleins and BP180, keratinocyte footprint assay, and keratinocyte binding assay. Results. A total of 28 patients were included in this study, 15 men and 13 women with a mean age of 56 years. In most patients, none of the serological tests were positive. In two patients, an elevated DSG3 titer was found suspicious for pemphigus vulgaris. Three patients had elevated NC16a titers, suggesting bullous pemphigoid. However, in all these patients, no other tests were positive and in these patients, the biopsy for direct immunofluorescence showed no evidence for an autoimmune bullous disease. Three patients showed reactivity against rat bladder rat bladder; these were, however, completely negative for A2ML1, envoplakin, and periplakin in the IB as well as the IP. Conclusions. Serological analysis for desmosomal and hemidesmosomal antibodies is reliable to rule an autoimmune bullous disease in patients with suspected SJS/TEN. However, one should not rely on one single test method since false positive results can occur. Moreover, this study also makes it less plausible that antibodies against desmosomal and/or hemidesmosomal components are involved in the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN.