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Wetlands are badly damaged in many parts of the world. The wetland management of Minjiang Estuary wetland has achieved remarkable results. This provides valuable experience for wetland management in other areas. Minjiang Estuary wetland can achieve the effect, mainly because of the adoption of the water quality management, ecological restoration, and ecological tourism development. However, different management modes have their own scope of application. In order to spread its successes, three differential game modes related to Minjiang Estuary wetland management are constructed, and their equilibrium results are compared and analyzed. Finally, research shows that the amount of water quality control by governments is directly proportional to the resilience of wetlands. The amount of social organization culture is proportional to the degree of better water quality. The amount of development by the government and social organizations is directly proportional to the decrease of investment in the spontaneous tourism industry. When the loss caused by flood or the ecological restoration effect is large, the wetland should adopt the ecological restoration mode. When the increased income or reputation of ecotourism is large, the ecotourism development mode should be adopted. This provides a reference for how to manage wetlands and how to promote the management mode of Minjiang Estuary wetland to other areas more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequent occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests has a significant impact on the forest ecosystem. The government needs to take measures to protect the forest ecosystem. The common management modes for forest pests and diseases include pesticide control, physical control, and biological control. In the process of governance, governments need to consider not only cost-effectiveness but also the impact on the ecosystem. In this article, the differential game model under these three modes is constructed, and the equilibrium results are compared and analyzed. Finally, the research conclusion is drawn that under the biological control mode, the income generated by the unit control quantity is inversely proportional to the balanced control quantity. However, under pesticide control and physical control modes, the revenue generated by the unit control quantity is proportional to the balanced control quantity. At the same time, under the biological control mode, the unit governance cost is proportional to the balanced control quantity. Under the pesticide control and physical control modes, the unit control cost is inversely proportional to the balanced control quantity. Social forces tend to adopt pesticide control. The government prefers physical control.

Notable advancements in single-cell omics technologies have not only addressed longstanding challenges but also enabled unprecedented studies of cellular heterogeneity with unprecedented resolution and scale. These strides have led to groundbreaking insights into complex biological systems, paving the way for a more profound comprehension of human biology and diseases. The droplet microfluidic technology has become a crucial component in many single-cell sequencing workflows in terms of throughput, cost-effectiveness, and automation. Utilizing a microfluidic chip to encapsulate and profile individual cells within droplets has significantly improved single-cell research. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively elaborate the droplet microfluidics-assisted omics methods from a single-cell perspective. The strategies for using droplet microfluidics in the realms of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses are first introduced. On this basis, the focus then turns to the latest applications of this technology in different sequencing patterns, including mono- and multi-omics. Finally, the challenges and further perspectives of droplet-based single-cell sequencing in both foundational research and commercial applications are discussed. • Droplet microfluidics boost the development of single-cell sequencing (SCS) field. • Strategies were developed to implement droplet-based SCS in diverse omics studies. • The recent application of droplet-based SCS in omics profiling was summarized. • The existing difficulties and future translational application were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers' livelihoods alter as a direct result of land transfer. This study examined the impacts of land transfer on several indicators of farmers' livelihood capital, as well as variations in the effects of different land transfer methods on farmers' capital, in an effort more effectively to enhance farmers' livelihoods. To compare the changes in farmers' livelihood capital under four different modes—the farmers' spontaneous model, centralized and continuous, joint-stock cooperative, and leaseback and re-contracting—this study calculated farmers' livelihood capital index based on 600 questionnaires in accordance with the sustainable livelihood capital framework. The study's findings indicate the following outcomes: (1) Farmers' livelihood capital is significantly impacted favorably by land transfers. (2) Different types of farmers experienced different changes in their livelihood capital after land transfer: purely agricultural farmers' livelihood capital value increased by 0.138, primarily due to an increase in physical capital; agricultural part-time farmers' livelihood capital value increased by 0.105; non-agricultural part-time farmers' livelihood capital value increased by 0.081; and non-agricultural farmers' livelihood capital value increased by 0.081. (3) The most efficient strategy to increase livelihood capital was to use the leaseback and recontracting model with "village collective + planting leadership company" as the primary business organization. The results provide practical guidance for land transfer in Manas County, and valuable suggestions for improving farmers' livelihoods in arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new air conditioning system is explored by experiment. • The system starts mode H is the most stable, and the maximum superheat is 11°C. • A unique phenomenon occurs in the production of hot water. • The system fluctuates periodically in the refrigeration mode. • The drop in discharge pressure can be used as a parameter for defrost control. Air source heat pump (ASHP) and heat pump water heater (HPWH) have the advantages of convenience and high efficiency. The newly proposed refrigeration, heating and hot water combined air-conditioning system (RHHAC) combines traditional ASHP with HPWH. The demands of users for cooling, heating and hot water are effectively satisfied with this equipment. In this study, five groups of experiments were conducted to study the starting and operating characteristics of the system. Besides, two sets of experimental cases were carried out to explore the operating characteristics of the system under the frosting process. Results show that the maximum superheat degree is 11°C when the system starts in hot water mode, while the maximum superheat degree is more than 22°C when the system starts in the other modes. As the temperature of hot water rises when the system runs in hot water mode, the maximum value of the discharge pressure can reach 3.7MPa. Besides, the analysis parameters will have regular pulsations when the system is in cooling mode. For example, in the experimental case 5, the fluctuation range of the superheat degree is 5.1°C-16.2°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers’ livelihoods alter as a direct result of land transfer. This study examined the impacts of land transfer on several indicators of farmers’ livelihood capital, as well as variations in the effects of different land transfer methods on farmers’ capital, in an effort more effectively to enhance farmers’ livelihoods. To compare the changes in farmers’ livelihood capital under four different modes—the farmers’ spontaneous model, centralized and continuous, joint-stock cooperative, and leaseback and re-contracting—this study calculated farmers’ livelihood capital index based on 600 questionnaires in accordance with the sustainable livelihood capital framework. The study’s findings indicate the following outcomes: (1) Farmers’ livelihood capital is significantly impacted favorably by land transfers. (2) Different types of farmers experienced different changes in their livelihood capital after land transfer: purely agricultural farmers’ livelihood capital value increased by 0.138, primarily due to an increase in physical capital; agricultural part-time farmers’ livelihood capital value increased by 0.105; non-agricultural part-time farmers’ livelihood capital value increased by 0.081; and non-agricultural farmers’ livelihood capital value increased by 0.081. (3) The most efficient strategy to increase livelihood capital was to use the leaseback and recontracting model with “village collective + planting leadership company” as the primary business organization. The results provide practical guidance for land transfer in Manas County, and valuable suggestions for improving farmers’ livelihoods in arid areas.

This work reports a finite element analysis (FEA) model study of the stator current spectra of a commercial permanent magnet (PM) AC machine operating with rotor PM demagnetisation faults. A range of PM uniform and local demagnetisation fault scenarios at different severity conditions are examined. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which different modes of PM demagnetisation could be distinguished by inspecting the spectral signature patterns these generate in the stator current signal. To this end, a generalised mathematical characterisation of PM fault spectral signature in the stator current is examined and a 2D FEA software used to establish a model of the studied PM machine design. The FEA model was employed to predict the current signal spectral signature patterns of a range of different PM demagnetisation faults. These are then correlated with those arising from the derived expressions to examine whether the predicted and expected spectral trends are in agreement and whether their observation as the potential to provide diagnostic information.

This work reports a finite element analysis (FEA) model study of the stator current spectra of a commercial permanent magnet (PM) AC machine operating with rotor PM demagnetisation faults. A range of PM uniform and local demagnetisation fault scenarios at different severity conditions are examined. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which different modes of PM demagnetisation could be distinguished by inspecting the spectral signature patterns these generate in the stator current signal. To this end, a generalised mathematical characterisation of PM fault spectral signature in the stator current is examined and a 2D FEA software used to establish a model of the studied PM machine design. The FEA model was employed to predict the current signal spectral signature patterns of a range of different PM demagnetisation faults. These are then correlated with those arising from the derived expressions to examine whether the predicted and expected spectral trends are in agreement and whether their observation as the potential to provide diagnostic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an adaptive soft starter control for induction motors using a multifunctional series compensator (MFSC). The proposed MFSC can operate in two modes: (i) the compensation mode for voltage sags and (ii) the virtual impedance mode for soft starting. Various MFSC functions are obtained by controlling the output characteristics of the series inverter. In the voltage sag compensation mode, a voltage is injected in series with the fault phase; as a result, the terminal voltage of the motor remains constant. In the soft‐starter mode, the proposed converter injects adjustable virtual impedance in each phase; as a result, the starting current can be limited to the desired value. A novel control scheme and the optimal parameter selection of the MFSC are also presented. The design methodology of the proposed MFSC is verified using simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink software. Experimental results prove the capability and effectiveness of the proposed MFSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Initial imperfection of struts in tensegrity structures is analytically analyzed. • Structural stiffness will largely decrease with the increase of initial imperfection. • Finite element methods are conducted on tensegrity structures with 1 strut and 6 struts, respectively. • Finite element results show great consistency with the analytical computation. Abstract The potential applications of tensegrity structures are widely accepted in fields, such as civil engineering and soft robotics. However, the curved shapes of struts in tensegrity inspired applications and the corresponding nonlinear mechanical behavior make it necessary to introduce initial imperfections, especially high-mode imperfections. This paper works out a method to analyze the initial imperfection analytically with the basic assumption that the strut length would not change with the deformation. Then a simple three-member tensegrity structure is harnessed here to investigate the mechanical behavior of tensegrity structures with the first three modes of initial imperfections. Our analytical results demonstrated that the stiffness of the tensegrity structure will be reduced significantly with even small initial imperfections. The analytical result of load-displacement curve shows that the deformation shows an upward trend with the rise of initial imperfection mode. Further, a strong nonlinearity arises with increased initial imperfection both in terms of the maximum deformation of the strut as well as the stiffness behavior of the tensegrity. Finite element simulations of tensegrity structures with 6 struts show great consistency with the analytical computation. The initial imperfection method provides an intuitive way to introduce nonlinearity to mechanical behavior. It has major implications in understanding load bearing capacity and force distribution in applications of tensegrity structures. Graphical abstract A simple cable-strut structure with one strut and two cables (connecting at node O) is used to study the effect of initial imperfection (y 0 (x)) analytically: (a) The 1st mode of the initial imperfection; (b) The 2nd mode of the initial imperfection; (c) The 3rd mode of the initial imperfection. L is the initial span and two end points of the cable-strut structure are pin points. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diacylhydrazine-based fluorescent probes are designed for selective detection of copper(II) and sulphide with two modes. The probes can not only be decomposed into rhodamine B by Cu 2+ , but can also be tuned to construct Cu ensembles for selective detection of sulphide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]