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As artificial intelligence (AI) permeates almost all aspects of our lives, university students need to acquire relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes to adapt to the challenges it poses. This study reports the development and validation of a scale called the Artificial Intelligence Learning Intention Scale (AILIS). AILIS was designed to measure the different factors that shape university students' behavioral intentions to learn about AI and their AI learning. We recruited 907 Chinese university students who answered the survey. The scale is comprised of 9 factors that are categorized into various dimensions pertaining to epistemic capacity (AI basic knowledge, programming efficacy, designing AI for social good), facilitating environments (actual use of AI systems, subjective norms, access to support and technology), psychological attitudes (resilience, optimism, personal relevance), and focal outcomes (behavioral intention to learn AI, actual learning of AI). Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale has acceptable reliability and construct validity. Structural equational modeling results demonstrated the critical role played by epistemic capacity, facilitating environments, and psychological attitudes in promoting students' behavioral intentions and actual learning of AI. Overall, the findings revealed that university students express a strong intention to learn about AI, and this behavioral intention is positively associated with actual learning. The study contextualizes the theory of planned behavior for university AI education, provides guidelines on the design of AI curriculum courses, and proposes a possible tool to evaluate university AI curriculum.

BackgroundClozapine belongs to atypical antipsychotic drugs that has shown significant efficacy in treating schizophrenia. However， clozapine can induce arrhythmias in patients. Currently， there is a lack of systematic research on the types and incidence of clozapine-induced arrhythmias.ObjectiveTo explore the types and incidence of arrhythmias in patients with schizophrenia induced by clozapine through Meta-analysis， so as to provide references for clinical treatment.MethodsOn October 31， 2022， a search was conducted through PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） to collect relevant literature on clozapine-induced arrhythmia in patients with schizophrenia. Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI） was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included， involving 42 490 schizophrenia patients taking clozapine. The incidence of arrhythmias caused by clozapine was 23% （95% CI： 0.16~0.29）. Among them， the incidence of tachycardia was 25% （95% CI： 0.15~0.35）， atrial arrhythmia was 6% （95% CI： -0.02~0.14）， ventricular arrhythmia was 7% （95% CI： -0.02~0.16）， conduction block was 2% （95% CI： 0~0.04）， QTc prolongation was 4% （95% CI： -0.04~0.12） and T-wave changes was 23% （95% CI： 0.16~0.30）.ConclusionSchizophrenia patients taking clozapine may increase their risk of developing arrhythmia， with tachycardia being the most prevalent. ［Funded by Graduate Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University （number， 2023S302）］

To improve the physicochemical properties and processing performance of black wheat flour dough, the effects of adding Glucose oxidase (GOD) on the gelatinization, thermomechanics dough tensile, rheology properties, and microstructure of black wheat flour were investigated using a rapid viscosity analyzer, a texture analyzer, and a scanning electron microscope, among other methods. The effects were also explained in terms of changes in protein fractions. The results showed that the moderate addition of GOD could significantly reduce the content of free sulfhydryl groups and increase the content of disulfide bonds in the dough of black wheat flour, thereby enhancing the degree of protein cross-linking and significantly improving the physicochemical properties of black wheat flour dough. The best improvement in dough structure and properties was achieved when the GOD addition was 0.8%, at which point the ratio of wheat alcohol-soluble protein to wheat gluten (0.81) was close to the optimal ratio (1.0). This study has provided a certain reference for the development of black wheat-based foods and the improvement of their edible quality.

Chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a molecular chaperone in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells involved in the correct folding and assembly of proteins, which plays an important role in cold-stress response. This study cloned two transcripts of Pinctada maxima CCT-beta composed of 1,829 bp (CCT-betal) and 2,289 bp (CCT-beta2), respectively, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Both transcripts possess 105 bp of 5' noncoding region and the same coding region, bul contain different 3' noncoding regions of 591 bp (CCT-betal) and 131 bp (CCT-beta2), respectively. The open reading framework (ORF) consisted of 1,593 bp that encodes 530 amino acids. The CCT-beta protein has three conserved functional domains (equatorial, apical, and intermediate domains), three CCT-family signature sequences, nine conserved ATP-binding sites, one DEAD box motif, and three protein-binding sites. The CCT-beta is highly conserved, with the cDNA homologies between P. maxima and Crassostrea gigas, Danio rerio, and Homo sapiens being 90.4%. 76.8%, and 75.8%, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that CCT-beta was differentially expressed in different organs of P. maxima, with mRNA contents declining from the gill, adductor muscle, foot, labial palps, mantle, and heart to hepatopancreas. Under cold stress, CCT-beta mRNA expression in various organs increased, but the patterns of increase varied among organs. The transcriptional level of CCT-beta peaked at 6h in the heart and hepatopancreas, and decreased significantly at 12h. In the adductor muscle, gill, and mantle, CCT-beta mRNA increased significantly at 12h and declined markedly at 24h in cold stress-exposed animals. These results indicate that CCT-beta is a cold-stress response gene, but the response pattern varies among organs. Organs with low CCT-beta basal expression may be more sensitive to cold stress than the organs with relatively high basal expression content. KEY WORDS: Pinctada maxima, CCT-beta, cDNA, cold stress, INTRODUCTION Chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a kind of type II chaperonin that is localized in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes (Frydman et al. 1992, Gao et al. 1992, Lewis [...]