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The process that infertile couples and those after a miscarriage go through is unpredictable and difficult to control; therefore, it is associated with a lowered sense of control for both partners. Uncontrolled stress creates a higher level of anxiety, which is associated not only with a lower quality of life but also with worse results from infertility treatment and higher risks of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the partner’s perceived self-control and marital satisfaction in the context of the partners’ coping strategies. The actor-partner interdependence model was applied to 90 heterosexual married couples. Our results show that men who perceive their wives as being more self-controlled and women who are perceived by their husbands as being more self-controlled feel more satisfied in their relationships. The effect of a partner’s perceived self-control on satisfaction with the relationship was weaker when controlled for the length of marriage. It also appeared to be moderated through the spouses’ use of social support. We conclude that the effects of the partner’s perceived self-control and social support are strong for marital satisfaction in the context of infertility and miscarriage.

People’s attachment styles play a fundamental role in shaping their intimate relationships. Anxiously attached individuals have a strong need for closeness but a poor ability to obtain the closeness they seek. In contrast, people high in avoidance tend to avoid intimacy in close relationships. Dyadic coping can strengthen the bond between partners, and develop empathy, commitment, sensitivity, and responsiveness to the partner’s needs, which may be the basis of shaping intimacy and closeness. The effects of attachment on relational intimacy were examined, using the actor–partner interdependence model and data from 144 heterosexual couples, aged 26 to 60. Both partners completed measures of attachment, intimacy as a relationship satisfaction dimension, and dyadic coping. The results showed that men’s attachment-related avoidance is related to their own intimacy; also, the avoidant attachment of both spouses is related to each other’s intimacy. The effect of having children on intimacy was significant for men; the effect of financial situation on intimacy was significant for women. Moreover, problem-focused common dyadic coping appeared to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attachment-related avoidance and intimacy. Adult attachment and dyadic coping significantly contributed to partners’ relational intimacy.

Celem prezentowanych badań było określenie związku między umiejscowieniem kontroli zdrowia a wsparciem społecznym i satysfakcją z życia u osób w okresie późnej dorosłości. Zamierzano sprawdzić jaki wymiar kontroli zdrowia dominuje w grupie osób starszych, a także czy pozostaje on w związku z liczbą odbywanych wizyt lekarskich, wykształceniem, zamieszkiwaniem w pojedynkę lub z bliskimi, subiektywną oceną stanu zdrowia, a także spostrzeganym wsparciem społecznym oraz zadowoleniem z życia. Sprawdzono ponadto, czy istnieją różnice w zakresie umiejscowienia kontroli zdrowia pomiędzy osobami ze średnim i wyższym wykształceniem Badaniami objęto 85 osób w wieku od 60 do 79 r.ż. Osoby badane to słuchacze Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku oraz uczestnicy zajęć w Centrum Aktywizacji Seniorów PLinEU. Wyniki wskazują, że w badanej grupie dominuje wewnętrzna kontrola zdrowia, która pozostaje w związku z wykształceniem, liczbą odbywanych wizyt lekarskich oraz mieszkaniem w pojedynkę. Stwierdzono ponadto dodatni związek pomiędzy wewnętrznym umiejscowieniem kontroli zdrowia a subiektywną oceną stanu zdrowia. Nie stwierdzono związku między umiejscowieniem kontroli zdrowia a wsparciem społecznym oraz satysfakcją z życia. This study aims at investigating the relationship between the health locus of control and social support and life satisfaction in late adulthood. It was intended to investigate which dimension of health control dominates in the respondents and whether it is related to the frequency of medical visits, education, living alone or with relatives, subjective assessment of health as well as perceived social support and life satisfaction. It was also examined whether there are differences in the health locus of control between people with secondary and higher education. The study was conducted among 85 people aged 60 to 79: students of a Third Age University and participants of the PLinEU Senior Activity Centre. The research results indicate that it is the internal health locus of control that dominates in the respondents, which is related to the number of medical visits and living alone. There was a significant positive relationship between the internal health locus of control and subjective assessment of health. Differences between people with secondary and higher education in the health locus of control were demonstrated. There was no relationship between the health locus of control and social support and life satisfaction.

The study aims to investigate the differences concerning the religiosity (understood as the placement of religious constructs in the structure of a personality) and value system of young adults who...

The main research objective of this study was seeking the predictive role of closeness to parents, attachment, identity style, identity commitment, type of relationship, and having children in intimacy among young women and men. Many studies indicate differences in the level of engagement, communication, and satisfaction in relationships. The study group comprised 227 people, including 114 women (M = 29.99, SD = 4.36), and 113 men (M = 30.00, SD = 4.33). A total of 40% of the subjects were married, and the remaining 60% subjects were in informal relationships, 101 people had children and the other individuals were childless. The following instruments were used: The Miller Social Intimacy Scale, questionnaires to assess closeness and attachment, and the Identity Style Inventory. The significance of the differences and the stepwise regression analysis were performed. The results of the study demonstrated a higher level of intimacy in a relationship with a partner among women than men. The nature of a relationship does not matter to the sense of intimacy. However, closeness to parents during childhood and adolescence, the model of interpersonal relations, and the identity style are predictors of intimacy in a relationship. The study results can be used in creating preventive and educational programs focused on family life and satisfied relationships.

W artykule podjęta została próba określenia związku pomiędzy kompetencjami poznawczymi a stylami tożsamości, w różnych okresach życia: adolescencji, wczesnej, średniej i późnej dorosłości. Sprawdzono też czy między wymienionymi grupami występują różnice w zakresie dominujących stylów tożsamości oraz testowano kierunek zmian w kompetencjach poznawczych obejmujących myślenie formalno- operacyjne oraz postformalne. W badaniu zasadniczym, w którym uczestniczyło 495 osób, w tym: 192 adolescentów, 131 młodych dorosłych, 91 osób w średniej dorosłości oraz 81 seniorów, testowano poziom myślenia formalnego przy użyciu Testu Operacji Formalnych (TOF) autorstwa Horneman, Longeot, oraz style tożsamości Kwestionariuszem do badania Stylów Tożsamości (ISI-3) Berzonsky’ego. W dodatkowym, pilotażowym badaniu uczestniczyło 281 osób: 166 adolescentów, 87 młodych dorosłych i 28 osób w średniej dorosłości, a do oceny poziomu rozumowania postformalnego zastosowano metodę „Codzienne problemy” (Sebby, Papini, 1994). Analiza wyników pozwala stwierdzić, że najwyższą sprawnością rozumowania formalno- operacyjnego charakteryzowały się osoby z grupy wczesnej i średniej dorosłości, a najniższą nastolatki. We wszystkich grupach wiekowych dominował informacyjny styl tożsamości, a następnie kolejno styl normatywny oraz dyfuzyjno- unikowy, ale wraz z wiekiem zmienia się poziom zaangażowania i nasilenie informacyjnego oraz normatywnego stylu tożsamości. W grupie nastolatków zaobserwowano ujemny związek między wynikami w TOF, a nasileniem stylu normatywnego i zaangażowania, natomiast dodatnia, lecz słaba zależność wystąpiła między poziomem kompetencji formalno- operacyjnych a nasileniem zaangażowania w grupie seniorów. Analiza wyników uzyskanych w dodatkowym badaniu, w którym testowano związek poziomu rozumowania postformalnego ze stylami tożsamości wskazuje na większą liczbę zależności w każdej z grup, w porównaniu do pomiarów w których odwoływano się do ujawnianych przez osoby badane zdolności formalno-operacyjnych. The article attempts to define the relationship between cognitive competences and identity styles in different periods of life: adolescence, early, middle and late adulthood. It also examines whether there are differences between the age groups in the dominant style of identity and in cognitive competences (formal and post-formal thinking). The 495 participants: 192 adolescents, 131 young adults, 91 adults and 81 seniors were tested in a baseline study using the Test of Formal Thinking (Horneman, Longeot) and the Identity Styles Questionnaire: ISI-3 (Berzonsky). In an additional pilot study, 281 participants: 166 adolescents, 87 young adults and 28 seniors were tested by means of the "Everyday problems" method (Sebby, Papini). The results show that early and middle adults in comparison with adolescents revealed a higher level of formal reasoning. In all age groups, the Informational Style of identity prevailed, followed by the Normative and Diffused styles, but with age the level of Commitment and the intensity of the Informational and Normative Style of identity changed. Among adolescents, there was a negative correlation between TOF scores and Commitment and Normative Style, while a positive but low correlation was found between the level of formal thinking and the level of Commitment in the senior group. The analysis of the results of the additional study in which the links between the identity styles and the level of post-formal reasoning were tested indicates that there is a stronger correlation compared to the measurement of the relationship between the identity styles and the level of formal thinking in each age group.