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Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and diabetes mellitus (DM) share common pathophysiological risk factors including endothelial dysfunction which together with hyperglycemia contribute to the increased oxidative/glycooxidative stress. A reduced NO concentration is insufficient for relaxation processes in the penis. Chronic inflammation and endoglin are involved in the regulation of endothelial function. Adiponectin from the adipose tissue has anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to investigate the relation between erectile function in patients with and without DM and the oxidative stress, hormone adiponectin, and endothelial dysfunction marker endoglin. Men (n=32) with ED evaluated by the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF-5) questionnaire (17 without DM (NDM); 15 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)) and 31 controls were included. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), protein carbonyls, antioxidant capacity, adiponectin and endoglin were determined in the blood. DM patients compared to NDM patients and controls, had increased levels of glucose, C-reactive protein, triacylglycerols, 8-isoP, AGEs, endoglin and BMI. IIEF-5 score, NO and adiponectin levels were decreased. We are the first to find out that endoglin shows a negative correlation with erectile function in NDM, but not in DM patients. Endoglin can be considered as endothelial dysfunction marker in nondiabetic men suffering from ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the leading form of fatal acute leukaemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous disease with respect to responsible mutations and chromosomal abnormalities as well as to their clinicopathological image. In recent years, great progress has been made in techniques allowing detection of genetic changes in both de novo AML and in secondary AML induced by other haematological disorders or therapy, and in detection of residual disease after therapy. Accumulated knowledge allowed better understanding of the molecules and mechanisms involved not only in the formation and expansion of a primary leukaemia-founding clone, but also of a temporal order of changes leading to the fully malignant phenotype. The recent knowledge of bone marrow (BM) compartments and interrelations among various BM resident and recruited cell types helps in understanding the AML development. The progress in the techniques and knowledge will result in the development and use of molecularly targeted therapies tailored to individual patient needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work discusses thyroglobulin as an appropriate indicator of physiological and pathophysiological processes taking place in the thyroids of six child patients with thyroid hypofunction who were monitored at the start of treatment and during the 3-5 month intervals for a period of 2-3 years in both the clinical examination and the entire laboratory diagnosis of thyroid function, ie. thyrotropin (TSH ), free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid binding globulin (TBG), autoantibodies to Tg (antiTg), thyroid peroxidase (antiTPO), TSH receptor (antiTSHr) and urinary iodine were determined. Patients: Two out of 6 pediatric patients (4 girls and 2 boys aged 9-14 years) had chronic autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed leading to hypothyroidism, where, in addition to high autoantibodies to Tg and TPO, TSH receptor autoantibodies were also detected at an early stage. Another 2 patients had a chronic form of autoimmune thyroiditis with early hypothyroidism and with high concentrations of antiTg and antiTPO, but no autoantibodies to the TSH receptor were detected. In the last 2 children, the chronic form of non-autoimmune thyroiditis with initial hypothyroidism was diagnosed. The antiTg, antiTPO and antiTSHr concentrations were within the reference range for these patients. After the diagnosis was determined, the patients were administered L-thyroxine in a daily dose of 0.73 to 2.13 pg L-T4/kg per day. Methods: Thyroid hormones and factors were determined in serum using commercially available kits companies Roche Diagnostics, Zentech S.A. and Brahms. Iodine in urine was measured by our laboratory procedure using alkaline melting of urine specimens, followed by a Sandell-Kolthoff reaction in the mineralizate. Results: It can be confirmed that the Tg level drops during the successful treatment of hypothyroidism. The decrease of Tg can serve as an indicator of the thyroid's improving state. Conclusions: The dynamics of change of the circulating Tg can contribute to an improvement of the laboratory diagnosis of the thyroid and the significance of determining the Tg is broader than its common use as an indicator of the state of the patient with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plzensky Lekarsky Sbornik is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plzensky Lekarsky Sbornik is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plzensky Lekarsky Sbornik is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plzensky Lekarsky Sbornik is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crohn's disease (CD) is a nonspecific, chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is supposed that in etiopathogenesis oxidative stress (OS) plays a role. However, its precise role in the active and non-active states of disease is not known yet. We conducted a pilot study focusing on the relationship between OS of CD in remission and the possibility to influence clinical parameters and markers of OS by polyphenolic extract, Pycnogenol® (Pyc). Compared to 15 healthy controls 15 pediatric CD patients (all were in remission according to their disease activity index - PCDAI) had reduced the activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased the oxidative damage to proteins. We found negative correlations between markers of inflammation (calprotectin, CRP) as well as between PCDAI and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) negatively correlated with calprotectin and PCDAI. Pyc (2 mg/kg) positively influenced the parameters of OS in CD patients after 10 weeks of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Otorhinolaryngology & Phoniatrics / Otorinolaryngologie a Foniatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown for 2 h in the presence of 0.5 mmol/L canavanine in a synthetic medium with ethanol as the sole carbon source (OEC) exhibited a slowing down of protein synthesis for 3-4 h after a shift to fresh ethanolbased medium containing 1.0 mmol/L arginine (OEA) in comparison with untreated cells grown on OEA. The change of carbon source from ethanol to glucose (OGA) after growth in the OEC medium resulted in an even deeper decline of protein synthesis. The degradation of canavanine-containing proteins in cells pregrown and labelled in an OEC medium after transfer to OEA was more rapid than in the OGA medium. The initial rate of protein degradation during the first hour in the OGA medium was less than 1%/h whereas in the OEA medium it reached almost 10%/h. The fraction of proteins with high turnover (half-life 0.46 h) constituted 8.3% on OEA, while during subsequent growth on OGA it was only 0.75% with a half-life of 0.12 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the general amino acid transport system (GAP) of S. cerevisiae l-tryptophan is transported by another system with approximately 25% capacity of GAP, with a K of 0.41±0.08 mmol/L and with a similar specificity as GAP (lower inhibition by Met, Pro, Ser, Thr and 2-aminoisobutyric acid; greater inhibition by Glu and His). The pH optimum of this system is at 5.0-5.5, activation energy above the transition point (20°C) was 20 kJ/mol, below the transition point 55 kJ/mol. The transport by this system was virtually unidirectional, efflux amounting to at most 10% into a tryptophan-free medium. The transport itself was blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol, antimycin A and uranyl nitrate. The system was synthesized de novo during preincubation with glucose=fructose>trehalose >ethanol within 30 min, and was degraded with a half-time of 15 min in the absence of further synthesis. The accumulation ratios of l-tryptophan in gap1 mutants were concentration-dependent (200∶1 at 1 μmol l-Trp/L, 4∶1 at 2.5 mmol l-Trp/L) and decreased with increasing suspension density from 200∶1 to 5∶1 (for 10 μmol l-Trp/L). The involvement of hydrogen ions in the uptake was clearly demonstrated by the effect of DO even if it could not be established by either shifts of pH or membrane depolarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]